非量测相机制约迭代检校法及水下测量应用

传统的非量测相机检校方法大多依赖于高精度的室内或室外控制场,并对检校环境有较严格的要求。故提出了一种完全抛开控制点的新的相机检校方法,即线面角制约的相机迭代检校法。将该方法分别应用于陆地和水下环境,并与有控制点的相机迭代检校法进行对比分析,试验结果表明新方法的检校精度均小于1个像素,在陆地环境下,新方法的检校精度优于有控制点的相机迭代检校法。同时利用新方法进行了水下三维重建和量测,量测精度达到亚毫米级。试验结果表明新方法具有较好的灵活性和适应性,在多个环境下具有实际应用的价值。     

低空无人机视频影像可量测立体模型构建技术

提出了一种利用无人机快速获取的视频数据的可量测立体模型构建方法。首先,通过无人机飞行平台快速获取视频数据,基于改进平板摄像机智能标定技术,获取摄像头的内方位元素,结合摄像机内方位参数、视频帧率、飞行高度、速度、影像分辨率等参数实现了基于实时视频流的关键帧影像自适应自动提取算法,并对提取关键帧影像进行畸变差改正;其次,通过对校正后的影像进行光束法空中三角测量加密处理,计算视频关键帧影像的外方位元素信息。最后,利用北京地区的试验数据进行了验证分析。结果表明利用能快速实现可量测立体模型构建,具有较高的量测精度,能有效的提高应急测绘条件下的灾情地理信息获取,为灾情评估和辅助决策提供依据。     

数字海洋三维地球框架下的通视分析技术

基于数字海洋三维地球框架,针对地形通视分析中典型的点对点、点对线、点对面三种情况,分析了通视分析算法及其功能实现,面向不同的业务需求,提供多样化的海洋地理信息量测服务,为用户提供空间决策支持信息,最后对三种通视算法进行了实验分析和效率分析。     

中远海综合测量技术设计与实施的合理化探讨

中远海测量具有作业海区远、航次时间跨度长、测区环境复杂、气象条件变化大、测区已知资料少等特点,对作业人员和测量设备都是一个大的挑战。在作业中,综合测量还要充分考虑声学设备之间的信号干扰和作业模式的相互干扰等问题。针对中远海综合测量的特点,对综合测量技术设计、仪器设备的准备、食品的补给、综合测量实施中注意的问题等提出了合理化建议。     

海洋测量水下拖曳设备的位置计算方法研究

针对海洋测量水下拖曳设备位置确定问题,综合考虑拖缆受力、海流影响以及水下拖体的运动性质,建立了水下拖曳设备的位置计算模型,并仿真计算分析了测量船在不同航行状态下拖曳设备位置确定的规律,探讨了不同海流效应对拖曳设备位置确定的影响。仿真计算结果表明,在海洋动态环境作用下,拖缆各方向的偏移明显呈曲线形状,非简单几何运算所确定。测船各方向的运动均可对水下拖体的位置在相应方向产生一定影响,而水下拖体位置的变化量小于测船拖点位置的变化量。海流对水下拖曳设备定位可造成数米的偏差,需进行相应改正。建议可考虑采取船载式ADCP实时测流辅助水下拖曳设备定位的工作模式。     

基于ArcGIS的海图立体修测技术

海图修测是海洋测绘的重要任务,实际生产中尚未建立采集、编辑、入库一体化的立体影像海图修测技术。分析了立体测图技术的现状和发展趋势,以及海图修测技术特点和需求,提出了基于Arc GIS的立体影像海图修测技术方案,论述了功能模块组成和软件嵌入方法,给出了软件研制的技术要求。该技术方案能够实现海图修测的立体采集、直接入库的应用要求,拓展海图修测数据源,提高作业效率,为海洋测绘航空摄影测量体系建设提供参考。     

极地海洋多波束测量测线布设系统设计及实现

针对目前多波束测量缺少专门的测线布设软件问题,考虑极地海域海冰对多波束测量的影响,本文设计并实现了极地海洋多波束测量测线布设系统。首先针对航前与现场作业等场景,设计了系统技术路线、架构和主要功能,特色功能包括建议测线方向计算、测线自动与手动生成、多波束现场处理数据导入和结果可视化评价等。阐述了系统功能实现的关键技术,包括测线自动生成、条幅制作与信息统计等。系统采用Python语言以及第三方开源工具包开发,最后开展不同场景下的应用试验并对结果进行了讨论。试验结果表明,系统可以快速、方便地进行多波束测量测线布设并对布设结果进行评价,能够有效提高多波束测量方案的设计效率,有利于极地海底地形地貌调查工作的开展。     

60年距离测量的演变

新中国成立60年来,距离测量方法所发生的巨大变化是,20世纪50年代末期,光速测距仪和微波测距仪的推广应用,开创了"量距不用尺"的新时代;20世纪60年代中期,测地型激光测距仪的快速发展,将光波测距推向了高精度远测程的新境界;几乎与此同时,卫星激光测距和甚长基线射电干涉测量技术的测地实用化,使得测地工作者能够测量远达数千千米的站间距离;20世纪80年代初期,GPS卫星测量技术的问世,使得测地工作者步入了快速高效"量距不见站"的新天地。距离测量的这种演变,也是测绘科学技术进步的一大缩影。     

视觉基本矩阵与摄影测量中相对方位元素的关系推导

数字摄影测量与计算机视觉（特别是计算机立体视觉）的研究内容十分相近。基本矩阵是计算机视觉领域里的一个重要概念,其求解的稳健性和精度将直接影响到三维重构的效果和意义。从两者研究的对象出发,找出了两者之间的内在联系,也即视觉基本矩阵F与相对方位元素求解公式之间的表达关系,这将对今后数字摄影测量和计算机视觉两门学科的交叉发展有重要意义。     

基于ATmega16A的低功耗高精度桥式温度测量系统设计

当前温度测量应用越来越广泛,针对工农业及科研领域对低功耗及高精度测温的要求,系统描述了一个桥式测温系统的设计方案与工作原理。系统采用低功耗AVR单片机作为控制芯片,通过单臂分压将热敏电阻分压后的电压信号传入A/D转换芯片,再将A/D转换后的数字量送入单片机计算,从而得到热敏电阻阻值,最后通过曲线拟合算出所测温度值。系统能实现低功耗、高精度测温。     

Remote sensing of surf zone waves using stereo imaging

The measurement of water wave characteristics, such as wavelength and wave height, in the surf zone is important for monitoring, prediction of erosion, and numerical model calibration. Traditional methods of measuring wave heights have either been limited to a small number of points or have required contact with the water. An experimental study of the remote sensing of water wave elevations, through the application of stereo photogrammetry, is presented. This method uses two spatially offset cameras, with overlapping fields of view, to determine water surface elevation. This remote sensing approach provides data with excellent spatial coverage and spatial and temporal resolution. Additionally, the hardware needs are minimal and the system is quickly deployed, calibrated, and operational.     

基于微控制器数字硬件实现的网格涡卷超混沌系统

基于微控制器(MCU)设计了一个通用的四维混沌系统数字硬件实验电路,由此实现了9×7网格涡卷的混沌和超混沌吸引子的生成.本文基于由Colpitts振荡器模型延伸出的四维多涡卷超混沌系统,通过引入单位锯齿波函数替换原系统中的三角波函数,构建了一个便于MCU数字硬件实现的新的网格涡卷超混沌系统,并对新系统网格涡卷吸引子的形成机理进行了分析和数值仿真.通过采用Euler算法对新系统进行离散化,在实验电路的有效动态范围内可以生成比原系统更多网格涡卷数量的吸引子.实验结果有效验证了本文基于MCU实现的网格涡卷超混沌     

Measurements of short water waves using stereo matched image sequences

Image analysis techniques are used for retrieving water surface elevation fields spatially and temporally from CCD-images and CCD-image-sequences. The technique proposed herein utilizes binocular stereogrammetry to recover topographic information from a sequence of synchronous, overlapping video images. The method used differs from the traditional stereo-photogrammetric analysis of a single stereo-pair because the use of video allows for a continuous sequence of stereo-images to be digitally sampled and analyzed. For data acquisition two synchronized progressive-scan cameras were used.A partially supervised 3-D stereo system (called WASS, Wave Acquisition Stereo System) is shown here. It is used to reconstruct the 3-D shape of water surface waves, acquired at frame rate, with small computational time needed. The stereo method is presented, including the derivation of a relationship relating the geometry of the stereo rig and the expected errors. Finally, the 3-D calculated scattered points give the complete spatio-temporal distribution of the water surface elevations. The measurable length-scales depend on the pixel resolution, the triangulation accuracy, and the acquisition frame rate. Limitations in the stereo measurements are also discussed.Two experiments to test and to demonstrate the system took place: one on the Venice lagoon, north of the city of Venice in September 2004 and the second on the coast of California at San Diego in December 2005. For the second experiment, qualitative and quantitative intercomparisons of the stereo-matching and in-situ sensor measurements are presented. All the measurements of water surface waves indicate that the proposed approach is both accurate and applicable for measuring water surface waves. Moreover, shape estimates are accurately and extremely dense both in space and time, and the remote location of the instruments alleviates some difficulties associated with in situ instrumentation.     

DGPS测深技术在海底管道工程中的应用

简要介绍了差分全球定位系统(DGPS)的基本定位原理、DGPS测深技术中水深测量系统的硬件组成。重点分析了福建LNG站线湄洲湾海底管道工程成功采用DGPS测深技术进行勘测作业,使测量精度和工程效率得到极大地提高。这一工程实践经验说明,DGPS测深技术逐步为海底管道工程所采用,但其是一个不断探索、不断完善的过程,对今后我国沿海地区的海底管道工程的勘测建设具有一定的借鉴作用。     

水下彩色图像传输的信号调制及信道压缩编码设计研究

就水下彩色图像传输这一研究课题，提供了其调制和传输控制部分的DSP解决方案，详细分析了针对水声信道这一特殊传输介质，所采用的特殊调制方法和传输发送机理，并提供了硬件原理图及相应的软件算法流程。     

某型寻北仪系统软件任务调度策略

分析了某型寻北仪系统的硬件特点及相应的软件要求,限于寻北仪的单任务操作系统,需要一种任务调度策略来实现多任务实时性。基于此,对常规的RM调度和EDF调度策略进行了分析研究,设计实现了一种在寻北仪的单任务弱实时操作系统下,可以进行多任务动态实时调度的策略。该策略结合RM和EDF两种方法的特点,既考虑到任务的频度,又兼顾任务的重要程度,寻北仪工程样机证明了该方法的合理性、有效性。     

Design and reliability analysis of DP-3 dynamic positioning control architecture

As the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas proliferate throughout deepwater area,the requirements on the reliability of dynamic positioning system become increasingly stringent.The control objective ensuring safety operation at deep water will not be met by a single controller for dynamic positioning.In order to increase the availability and reliability of dynamic positioning control system,the triple redundancy hardware and software control architectures were designed and developed according to the safe specifications of DP-3 classification notation for dynamically positioned ships and rigs.The hardware redundant configuration takes the form of triple-redundant hot standby configuration including three identical operator stations and three real-time control computers which connect each other through dual networks.The function of motion control and redundancy management of control computers were implemented by software on the real-time operating system VxWorks.The software realization of task loose synchronization,majority voting and fault detection were presented in details.A hierarchical software architecture was planed during the development of software,consisting of application layer,real-time layer and physical layer.The behavior of the DP-3 dynamic positioning control system was modeled by a Markov model to analyze its reliability.The effects of variation in parameters on the reliability measures were investigated.The time domain dynamic simulation was carried out on a deepwater drilling rig to prove the feasibility of the proposed control architecture.     

基于单片机和模糊控制的浮标自动防碰撞系统

针对海洋观测浮标易受过往船只碰撞及恶劣天气的影响而损坏,提出了基于单片机和模糊控制的浮标自动防碰撞系统。该系统以C8051F340单片机作为核心控制芯片,设计了控制系统的软硬件,实现了信号的采集、处理、分析和传送。以距离、风速信号及其变化量作为输入变量,建立了相应的模糊控制规则和控制算法,设计了模糊控制器,为浮标长期、安全运行提供了保证,并为海洋测量仪器实现智能化控制奠定了基础。     

Automatic Profiling System for Underice Measurements

The article is devoted to the development of an autonomous profiling system for measuring the aquatic environment under ice. The system moves up and down in the water column along a cable with a load at the lower end, which is lowered into a lane in the ice. The system carrier is designed for transporting an acoustic Doppler current profiler and a salinity, temperature, and pressure probe. The system will be useful for long-term measurements of vertical profiles of the current speed and marine environment parameters, as well as ice draft. The article describes in detail the structure and operation of the system. The hydraulic scheme of the carrier buoyancy system is presented.

     

X-波段导航雷达测波系统的设计与研究

基于布拉格散射原理和多普勒频移原理,利用X-波段导航雷达可以进行海浪和海流的观测。基于此项技术的X-波段导航雷达测波系统,作为海洋观测和应用领域的新一代海浪监测设备,正在日趋成熟。文章针对X-波段导航雷达测波系统的总体设计与研发,从软、硬件设计到算法研究进行了介绍和讨论,并指出研发的关键仍集中于调制机理的研究。