剪切带中变斑晶的生长及包裹体痕迹的演化

韧性剪切带中,由于变形分解作用的存在,岩石发生递进变形过程中,产于共轴或非共轴递进缩短带内的变斑晶不发生旋转,而变斑晶内的包裹体痕迹是递进变形过程中遗留在变斑晶内的变形变质痕迹。利用未旋转斑晶中的包裹体痕迹可以确定早期面理的取向,寻找构造演化的时间标志,确定变形变质的关系及其演化史。对北祁连托勒牧场大型走滑韧性剪切带中石榴石、黑云母等变斑晶及包裹体痕迹的研究,揭示了变斑晶的生长和包、裹体痕迹与褶劈理的演化有着重要联系以及剪切变形过程中变形变质演化史、应变速率的变化。递进变形相应地发生递增变质,但两者存在着一定的差异性。     

变斑晶包体形迹研究的几个问题

变斑晶是联系变质与变形的重要媒介。变斑晶内的包体按几何形态可分为９大类。在发生递进变形的变质岩中，斑晶成核生长于变形分解作用的递进缩短带内。除少数螺旋状石榴石外，产于共轴或非共轴递进不均匀缩短变形过程中的斑晶不发生旋转。在韧性剪切带中，由于存在变形分解作用，在岩石发生递进变形过程中，产于共轴或非共轴递进缩短带内的变斑晶也不发生旋转。利用未旋转斑晶中包体形迹可以确定早期面理的取向，寻找构造演化时间标志，确定变形变质关系及其演化史。如在大背坞地区，根据黄铁矿变斑晶的旋转演化，可以恢复韧性剪切带的成生演化历史。近十几年来由于计算机模拟的引人，使变斑晶微构造研究从定性步入定量阶段。     

变斑晶包体形迹研究的几个问题

变斑晶是联系变质与变形的重要媒介。变斑晶内的包体按几何形态可分为９大类。在发生递进变形的变质岩中，斑晶成核生长于变形分解作用的递进缩短带内。除少数螺旋状石榴石外，产于共轴或非共轴递进不均匀缩短变形过程中的斑晶不发生旋转。在韧性剪切带中，由于存在变形分解作用，在岩石发生递进变形过程中，产于共轴或非共轴递进缩短带内的变斑晶也不发生旋转。利用未旋转斑晶中包体形迹可以确定早期面理的取向，寻找构造演化时间标     

变质岩中变斑晶成核生长及旋转问题的述评

发生递进变形的变质岩中,斑晶成核生长于变形分解作用的递进缩短带内,斑晶的大小受两侧递进剪切变形带的限制。除少数螺旋状石榴石外,产于共轴或非共轴递进不均匀缩短变形过程中的斑晶不发生旋转,斑晶内部包体形迹(Si)反映外部面理(Se)的再活化。利用未旋转斑晶中的包体形迹可以确定早期面理的取向,寻找构造演化的时间标志,确定褶皱轴迹等,本文给出了斑晶中包体形迹弯曲的成因模式图。     

江西大背坞地区同构造变斑晶研究

大背坞地区浅变质碎屑岩内的韧性剪切带中发育有同构造成因的菱铁矿变斑晶和黄铁矿变斑晶,它们是进变质剪切变形的产物和标志。作为同构造成因,这类变斑晶的发育与剪切变形及强度、变形变质矿物绢云母的含量和晶体大小关系密切,具有独特的晶形并保留基质片理等特征。根据变斑晶的旋转效应可以恢复大背坞韧性剪切带的成生演化历史:右行逆冲剪切→压扁变形→左行正断剪切.      

横穿变质带的温度—时间关系:在递进变形的变泥质岩中,变斑晶—基质关系的证据

在递进区域变质作用的岩石中,相当于一定的变质作用的等温线是连续改变的,而由于应变的不断增加,相同岩石也产生递进变形构造。泥质叶理的变斑晶能提供有关变质作用和变形作用方面的证据。它们不仅能够说明这个地体的温度、压力演化,而且它们的包裹轨迹也能提供在变斑晶生长时变形阶段的线索。利用与基质叶理相对应的包裹轨迹的显微构造关系,结合在递进反应序列的岩石学资料,就能够再造变质体内不同变质带的温度—时间关系。在北昆斯兰的两个元古代地区,Mary Kathleen褶皱带和Robertson河亚群,横穿变质带已经发现了包裹轨迹模式的系统变化。显微构造—岩石学的研究,往往限制了不同带的T—t演化。在两个研究区内,包裹轨迹摸式的区域分布表明变形同时影响高级带和低级带。     

西藏羌塘中部冈玛错-双湖变质带变质变形作用关系研究

通过对冈玛错-双湖变质带中蓝闪石矿物种属的划分及矿物特征的研究,以及对石榴石和钠长石变斑晶中包裹体痕迹的确定、铁蓝闪石和青铝闪石具明显环带的发现、一系列褶劈理和皱劈理变形及退变质作用特征的描述,并通过对蓝闪石40Ar/39Ar快中子活化分析,获得蓝闪石的年龄谱图.确认了该变质带经历了3期变质变形事件.指出各期变质变形特征的综合分析能指示冈玛错-双湖变质带形成及隆升的演化过程.     

日本三波川变质带的演化

三波川变质带位于亚洲大陆的东部边部,构成西南日本侏罗系杂岩体的一部分,它的俯冲可能与在赤道区形成的Kurosgaua地体的碰撞有关。三波川片岩第一带变形发生在韧性条件下,构造置换方向为N30°E,与大陆边缘平行,变形过程中伴有鞘褶皱及矿物拉伸线理的形成。在此阶段,发生大量矿物反应,并伴有变斑晶如石榴石、钠长石的同构造生长,它们在生长过程中发生以垂直流动方向为轴的旋转。变斑晶中的矿物包裹体研究表明,这期变形作用一直持续到变质作用的退变阶段。在本期变形的较晚阶段,发生周态变质的超基性、基性岩石的侵位,高温榴辉岩体的侵位使得角闪片岩发生榴辉岩化进变质作用,并发生接触变质。变质相系由绿纤石     

早前寒武纪多期变质变形区主期韧性剪切带

早前寒武纪多期变质变形区的韧性剪切带，根据其与变形变质的关系可分为（１）早期主变形变质作用形成的韧性剪切带，简称主期韧性剪切带；（２）晚期叠加变形变质作用形成的韧性剪切带，简称叠加韧性剪切带。主期韧性剪切带糜棱岩，退变质和新生面理等标志，其高应变特征主要通过岩石中片理和线理发育程度，矿物定向程度，矿的粒度及应变大小表现出来。由于主期声望生剪切带内的片理和线理及矿物组合与围岩中的相同，因此相同岩石的     

江西大背坞地区韧性剪切带中岩石变形与矿物变化的关系

浅变质碎屑岩中韧性剪切变形往往引起进变质作用,并导致矿物变化,其主要表同为同构造变斑晶,绢云母重结晶和形成动力分异条带,从剪切带外侧到剪切带中心,同构造变斑晶由小变大,重结晶须云母含量逐渐增高,动力分异条带仅发育于剪切带中心强变形区,在一定变形范围内,重结晶绢云母含量与应变强度呈线性正相关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861