鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组沉积特征

根据薄片观察及粒度分析、野外露头及岩心观察,分析鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组的岩石学特征、水动力条件,以及宏观和微观沉积特征,划分岩相类型和岩相组合,建立该区三角洲前缘沉积模式。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组沉积粒度偏细,分选好,水动力条件以牵引流为主;三角洲前缘沉积特征明显,且沉积地形坡度较缓;划分7种岩相类型和3种岩相序列组合。研究区整体表现为三角洲前缘沉积特征,主要发育水下分流河道、水下分流间湾、分流河口砂坝3种微相。该结果为鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组天然气精细勘探开发提供参考。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系古环境恢复及沉积体系分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系沉积体系类型认识存在争议。基于鄂尔多斯盆地西缘与中东部地层的对接关系,以元素录井资料为主,结合野外露头剖面、钻井岩心、铸体薄片等资料,分析盆地西缘海域古环境特征及其与中东部海域的差异,揭示鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系重点层系的沉积体系类型及特征,建立古环境及沉积演化模式。结果表明：奥陶系沉积期,鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的古环境演化趋势与盆地中东部的基本一致,纵向上,自三道坎组至乌拉力克组沉积期,海平面呈振荡—上升趋势,古水体逐渐加深,古氧化还原性和古生产力逐渐增强;古气候对古盐度影响明显,其中三道坎组—桌子山组沉积期古气候为干热型,古盐度逐渐升高,克里摩里组—乌拉力克组沉积期古气候转为相对温湿型,古盐度呈下降趋势。古环境演化对沉积体系类型具有一定约束作用,三道坎组—乌拉力克组沉积区域集中发育于Y窄相带—X宽相带,三道坎组主要发育台地边缘相的浅滩和礁滩,桌子山组以台地前缘斜坡相为主,克里摩里组发育盆地边缘相—开阔陆棚相,乌拉力克组发育盆地相。该结果为鄂尔多斯盆地西缘天然气勘探提供地质依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长7段沉积特征

鄂尔多斯盆地作为中国重要的含油气盆地,合水地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区。其中长7段广泛发育重力流沉积,富含丰富的石油储量,有着十分巨大的勘探潜力。通过岩心观察、测井解释成果等资料对该区深水重力流沉积进行研究,结果表明：(1)长7段发育砂质碎屑流沉积、滑塌沉积、浊流沉积3种主要沉积类型。(2)共识别出细砂岩相、水平层理深湖泥岩相、粉细砂岩相、变形构造粉砂岩相、块状层理粉砂岩相、油页岩相6种岩相类型。(3)该区发育近源水道、前缘朵体、远源水道3中沉积微相。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组曲流河三角洲构型特征及沉积模式

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部山西组致密砂岩气资源丰富,曲流河三角洲砂体分布规律的差异性制约勘探开发。综合岩心、测井和地震等资料,划分曲流河三角洲岩相类型,分析成因序列的差异性,建立构型单元的岩性、电性、地震沉积响应关系及沉积模式。结果表明：研究区山西组曲流河三角洲共划分槽状交错层理砂岩相、板状交错层理砂岩相、平行层理砂岩相等10种岩相类型,构成LA-1、LA-2、LA-3等8种微相成因序列;平面上,表现为“大平原、小前缘”特征,发育带状河道、片状泥质、朵状坝体、指形席状砂4类复合构型单元,其中三角洲平原由“曲流水道、点坝发育”的带状河道和“泥质发育、厚层展布”的片状泥质沉积组成,三角洲前缘发育“枝状河道、河口坝残存”的复合朵状坝体和“河道末端、席状砂主体”的指形席状砂沉积。三角洲平原河道表现为曲流延伸、侧向迁移特点,以分流河道—分流河道砂体组合叠置为主;三角洲前缘河道表现为枝状分叉、垂向加积特点,以水下分流河道—河口坝砂体组合叠置为主。三角洲平原分流河道叠置砂和三角洲前缘水下分流河道—河口坝叠置砂是勘探优先目标。该结果为曲流河三角洲沉积体系油气田增储上产提供依据。     

中元古代鄂尔多斯盆地南缘裂谷沉积相与震积岩序列

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中元古代处于拉张期,发育多裂谷系.分析鄂尔多斯盆地野外地质调查、物探和钻井等资料,划分沉积相剖面,研究沉积演化及相类型.结果表明:盆地南缘中元古代沉积陆相三角洲至海陆过渡相的长城系与滨浅海至深海盆地相的蓟县系,并于蓟县系中发现液化底劈构造、震褶岩、震裂岩、震浊积岩、津浪丘状层和风暴岩等震积岩序列单元;沉积水体逐渐加深,为裂谷非补偿型沉积,蓟县系中存在震积岩序列,反映该区中元古代盆地南缘处于裂谷带内,受裂陷作用持续影响.通过沉积相及震积岩序列划分耦合裂谷说,为区域构造研究提供佐证.     

桂西沉积型铝土矿地质特征及资源潜力分析

沉积型铝土矿是桂西堆积型铝土矿的矿源层,广泛出露于新圩向斜、那豆背斜等褶皱的翼部,其近地表的氧化矿可为工业所利用,深部的原生矿由于含硫高目前工业上暂未利用。文章分析了桂西型铝土矿地质特征及资源潜力,认为其资源潜力大,勘查程度低,若能综合利用而加以勘查开发,对桂西铝工业的发展具有重要意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地林镇地区延长组长2沉积微相与油气分布

鄂尔多斯盆地林镇地区处于伊陕斜坡西南部,在长2沉积期研究区内发育辫状河三角洲前缘亚相沉积,沉积微相主要
为水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口坝和远砂坝,物源主要来自北东和南西两个方向。林镇地区长2油藏的分布与沉积相关
系密切,油藏主要分布于水下分流河道末端和河口坝的混合区,以及水下分流河道的侧缘,另外在远砂坝区也有少量油藏分布。
区内长2期的辫状河三角洲前缘亚相沉积环境控制了长2储集层岩性的横向变化,同时区内长2地层普遍发育低幅度鼻状构造隆
起,因此在构造圈闭条件和岩性圈闭条件共同作用下形成构造─岩性复合油藏。      

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区山西组泥页岩沉积地球化学特征及有机质保存条件分析

摘 要:通过主量元素和微量元素分析,应用沉积地球化学方法对采自于鄂尔多斯盆地中部两口页岩气探井的泥页岩沉积地球化学特征和有机质保存条件进行了研究。结果表明:①化学蚀变指数(ＣＩＡ)和Ｓｒ/Ｃｕ比值反映本区山西期为温湿气候,Ｒｂ/Ｚｒ 比值反映本区山西组泥页岩沉积水体较浅;② (Ｔｈ)－(Ｚｒ)、(Ｔｈ)－Ｙ/ Ｈｏ相关性图解以及Ｙ/ Ｈｏ比值更接近于陆源碎屑物质,表明本区山西组泥页岩沉积时主要来源为陆源碎屑物质;③Ｖ/ Ｃｒ 比值、Ｖ/ (Ｖ＋Ｎｉ)比值、δＵ 和Ｔｈ/ Ｕ比值表明山西组泥页岩形成于以弱还原环境为主的弱氧化－弱还原环境;④Ｓｒ/Ｂａ和ＴＯＣ/Ｓ比值反映本区山西组沉积水体以淡水为主,并兼有少量混合水;⑤地球化学综合分析表明,山西组泥页岩沉积水体富氧,缺少有机质保存的还原条件,有机质被氧化分解,不利于后期生烃。      

湖南沉积型锰矿床的成矿模式

锰是湖南的优势矿种之一,当前国内锰矿供应紧张的形势下,研究湖南省境内沉积型锰矿地质特征及成矿规律,对推动沉积型锰矿的找矿勘查具有一定意义。介绍了湖南省沉积型锰矿床的基本地质特征、矿石同位素特征等,综合分析了湖南省境内沉积型锰矿的成矿控制因素,结合近年潜力评价提供的锰元素地球化学分布资料等,初步提出了统一的成矿模式。湖南沉积型锰矿床在时间上主要形成于前寒武纪、南华纪、奥陶纪、泥盆纪、二叠纪、侏罗纪-白垩纪共6个地质时代,最重要的赋矿地层是南华系、奥陶系、二叠系地层,在空间上集中分布在大陆边缘的沉积盆地中,地层岩相、构造、岩浆岩等共同决定了锰矿床的定位。      

海南玉带滩障壁型海岸现代沉积特征及沉积演化

海南玉带滩是我国南海沿岸典型的障壁型海岸现代沉积场所之一。根据野外考察和室内分析,从沉积物的成分、结构、沉积构造等方面揭示了玉带滩障壁型海岸现代沉积特征。结果表明：玉带滩东侧为障壁岛海滩,沉积层序总体上表现为粒度向上变粗;中部为障壁岛沙丘,以中、粗粒石英砂为主,具平行层理、斜层理;西侧为障壁坪,以中、细砂沉积为主,夹杂一些贝壳碎片,层理构造比较明显。玉带滩西侧水体为河流作用明显强于潮汐作用的潟湖;河口沙坝发育或河流岩岛阻挡产生河汊是形成潟湖中冲积岛分布的主要原因;仅在潮汐通道外侧出现拦口沙坝堆积。现代沉积特征结合Google Earth卫星图像分析认为,该障壁型海岸沉积演化大致包括3个阶段：第一阶段,河流携带泥沙入海,在河口湾地区形成多级近新月型河口沙坝。第二阶段,由于后期水道延伸方向、水动力的不断变化,西侧河口沙坝出现合并并向冲积岛转化;在海岸拐弯处,以原有河口沙坝为主体,形成初期障壁沙坝,障壁沙坝西侧水体演变成潟湖。第三阶段,障壁岛西侧受河流冲刷作用影响,河口沙坝坝头几乎完全消失;障壁沙坝形成后,潟湖水面加宽,流速减小,河口沙坝增生合并,最终形成了三大冲积岛(沙坡岛、东屿岛、鸳鸯岛...     

Isoenzymes and soluble protein in Arthrospirafrom alkaline lakes in Erdos Plateau, China and in exotic species

1 INTRODUCTION Since isoenzyme was first named by Markert and M?ller in 1957 (Hu and Wan, 1985), the separa- tion of isoenzyme has been rapidly developed. Isoenzymes is an important tool for studying life in molecule level. Isoenzymes are transcribed by g…     

利用布格重力资料研究华北裂陷盆地地壳结构特征

通过对华北地区1∶50万布格重力资料进行小波多尺度分析,得到自地表至莫霍面不同空间尺度范围内地质体产生的重力异常。讨论各阶小波变换细节特性及相应地质构造特征认为,华北裂陷盆地的隆起、坳陷与重力异常的高、低存在明显的对应关系,并给出了它们的下延深度。分析结果显示,华北裂陷盆地内深大断裂两侧岩石密度存在较大差异。采用帕克法反演得到华北地区莫霍界面深度在29～42 km范围内,在太行山与华北平原交界地区存在明显的地壳厚度变化梯级带。     

基于百度迁徙数据的中国城市网络结构特征研究

迁徙流作为互联网时代的新产物,信息流、资本流、交通流等流空间的基本载体,能客观地反映城市间地理行为关系,对于刻画城市网络结构具有重要意义。基于地级以上城市的百度迁徙大数据,本文尝试从全域和净迁徙的视角探索研究中国城市网络结构特征,对其网络的层级、关联关系和影响因素等进行挖掘提取。研究发现：① 全国城市网络呈现出稳定的、层级明确的三棱锥四顶点“钻石型”结构,与主要城市群的经济规模空间分布相吻合;② 区域网络表现出向高级别行政中心集聚的“核心—外围”放射状结构;③ 以省会城市为核心的典型小世界特征比较凸出,小世界网络的可达性和连通性较高;周口、阜阳、赣州、上饶、重庆等作为主要劳动力输出型城市,深圳、东莞、广州、北京、上海等城市成为了主要的外来人口聚集地,并形成了对应的人口就近输送网络关系;④ 城市的行政地位、经济规模、交通枢纽建设、劳动力资源等因素都对其网络控制力和影响力起到了决定性作用。最后,研究结合中国城市网络结构特征及其主要影响因素,提出相关政策建议,以期为中国城市网络结构均衡发展与建设提供借鉴依据。     

����EGM2008�������ݷ����й���½Moho���

????EGM2008?????????????????????????CRUST1.0???????-?????????????????????????й????Moho??????????????й????Moho?????????????????о?????????     

利用EGM2008重力数据反演中国大陆Moho深度

利用EGM2008重力数据计算的布格重力异常,以CRUST1.0给出的壳-幔密度差为依据,通过重力反演获得中国大陆Moho起伏分布,所得的中国大陆Moho深度基本特征与以往研究基本一致。     

Offshore Fault Geometrics in the Pearl River Estuary,Southeastern China: Evidence from Seismic Reflection Data

The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is located at the onshore-offshore transition zone between South China and South China Sea Basin, and it is of great significant value in discussing tectonic relationships between South China block and South China Sea block and seismic activities along the offshore active faults in PRE. However, the researches on geometric characteristics of offshore faults in this area are extremely lacking. To investigate the offshore fault distribution and their geometric features in the PRE in greater detail, we acquired thirteen seismic reflection profiles in 2015. Combining the analysis of the seismic reflection and free-air gravity anomaly data, this paper revealed the location, continuity, and geometry of the littoral fault zone and other offshore faults in PRE. The littoral fault zone is composed of the major Dangan Islands fault and several parallel, high-angle, normal faults, which mainly trend northeast to northeast-to-east and dip to the southeast with large displacements. The fault zone is divided into three different segments by the northwest-trending faults. Moreover, the basement depth around Dangan Islands is very shallow, while it suddenly increases along the islands westward and southward. These has resulted in the islands and neighboring areas becoming the places where the stress accumulates easily. The seismogenic pattern of this area is closely related to the comprehensive effect of intersecting faults together with the low velocity layer.     

Characteristics of Wind Erosion and Deposition in Oasis-desert Ecotone in Southern Margin of Tarim Basin,China

The oasis-desert ecotone is a fragile ecological zone that is affected both by oasis and desert conditions. To understand the impact of the differences in wind power, and the influence of wind erosion and deposition on the ecotone, meteorological data and con- temporaneous wind erosion and deposition data were collected on the southern margin of Tarim Basin with serious sand-blown hazards. The wind velocity, average wind velocity, sand drift potential （DP）, resultant sand drift potential （RDP）, and sand transportation rate decrease significantly and successively across four landscape types with increasing vegetation coverage （VC）. Flat surfaces and areas of shifting sandy ground experience intense wind erosion with fast movement of mobile sand dunes; semi-fixed sand areas experience ex- tensive wind deposition but only slight wind erosion; and fixed sand areas experience only slight wind erosion and deposition. Volume of wind erosion on bare newly reclaimed farmland is up to 6.96 times that of bare shifting sandy ground. Wind erosion volume per unit area and VC follow an exponential function relationship in natural conditions, while wind deposition volume per unit area does not conform to any functions which has close relationship with vary topography and arrangement patterns of vegetation besides for VC. The results indicate that the volume of wind erosion has a close correlation with VC, and different types and distribution patterns of topog- raphy and vegetation also profoundly influence the wind deposition volume in the field, and underground water tables in different land- scape types control the plant community distribution. Keywords： wind erosion; wind deposition; oasis-desert ecotone; vegetation coverage （VC）; topography; Cele County     

Moho Structure of the Southwest Sub-Basin,South China Sea,from a Multichannel Seismic Reflection Profile NH973-1

Moho structure provides important clues for understanding crustal structure, isostatic state and magmatic flux from mantle to surface. Across-basin Moho structure of the South China Sea(SCS) is important for understanding crustal evolution mechanisms of both continental break-up and seafloor spreading processes. Southwest Sub-basin(SWSB) opened up the latest and has the closest continental margins, making it the best to study the across-basin structure. Multichannel seismic(MCS) reflection data of line NH973-1 that crosses SWSB in NW-SE direction were reprocessed in order to image Moho structure. In MCS data, Moho reflectors are observed in places, which were not revealed in prior researches. The Moho generally shows symmetric structure on both sides of the central rift valley(CRV) and with variations in crustal thickness. Around CRV, the Moho is 2 seconds depth in two-way travel time(TWTT) beneath the igneous basement, which corresponds to 7 km depth, indicating normal oceanic crustal accretion during the ending of seafloor spreading. Close to the continent-ocean boundary(COB), the Moho becomes shallow to 1 second depth in TWTT(3.5 km), implying strong crustal thinning towards the continent, probably because of poor magma supply at the beginning of seafloor spreading. At south COB, the Moho depth under the crust almost reaches zero, which could be explained as a result of exhumed mantle. In addition, two low-angle, deep-penetrating normal faults are observed at south COB. The faults cut across the Moho into the upper mantle, which may be attributed to lithospheric hyper-stretching at COB during continental break-up.     

Validation of Global Evapotranspiration Product (MOD16) Using Flux Tower Data from Panjin Coastal Wetland,Northeast China

Recent advances in remote sensing technology and methods have resulted in the development of an evapotranspiration(ET) product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MOD16). The accuracy of this product however has not been tested for coastal wetland ecosystems. The objective of this study therefore is to validate the MOD16 ET product using data from one eddy covariance flux tower situated in the Panjin coastal wetland ecosystem within the Liaohe River Delta, Northeast China. Cumulative ET data over an eight-day period in 2005 from the flux tower was calculated to coincide with the MOD16 products across the same period. Results showed that data from the flux tower were inconsistent with that gained form the MOD16 ET. In general, results from Panjin showed that there was an underestimation of MOD16 ET in the spring and fall, with Biases of -2.27 and -3.53 mm/8 d, respectively(–40.58% and -49.13% of the observed mean). Results for Bias during the summer had a range of 1.77 mm/8 d(7.82% of the observed mean), indicating an overestimation of MOD16 ET. According to the RMSE, summer(6.14 mm/8 d) achieved the lowest value, indicating low accuracy of the MOD16 ET product. However, RMSE(2.09 mm/8 d) in spring was the same as that in the fall. Relationship between ET and its relevant meteorological parameters were analyzed. Results indicated a very good relationship between surface air temperature and ET. Meanwhile a significant relationship between wind speed and ET also existed. The inconsistent comparison of MOD16 and flux tower-based ET are mainly attributed to the parameterization of the Penman-Monteith model, flux tower measurement errors, and flux tower footprint vs. MODIS pixels.     

四川草原MODIS数据的产草量估算

四川草原是我国5大牧区之一,其可利用的天然草地占全省草原总面积的85%,准确掌握草原产草量信息对草原管理和当地经济发展具有重要意义。本研究利用2011年7月MODIS不同分辨率(250m、500m、1km)NDVI、EVI产品和同期地面调查数据(共181个采样点),对四川草原4种主要草地类型(即高寒草甸草地、高寒灌木草地、高寒沼泽草地和山地疏林草地)产草量鲜重分类型建立估产模型。研究发现,NDVI对该地区4种主要草地类型产草量的拟合效果普遍优于EVI;相对于500m和1km的遥感数据,250m的遥感数据拟合效果较好;分草地类型建立模型的效果优于对全体样本建立模型;该地区除高寒沼泽草地用幂函数模型拟合效果较好外,其余均用指数模型进行建模效果较好;对该地区各草地类型建立的最优估产模型,精度均在70%以上,回归判定系数R2在0.75以上;利用最优模型对2011年四川省草原进行估产,总体估产精度约为90%。