西天山查岗诺尔铁矿区石炭纪火山岩地球化学特征及岩石成因

对伊犁地块东北缘查岗诺尔铁矿区石炭纪火山岩进行了系统的岩石学,锆石U-Pb年代学,岩石地球化学,Nd、Sr同位
素地球化学研究。该区火山岩包括玄武岩(少量)、粗面岩、安山岩、流纹岩以及火山碎屑岩,它们的化学组成绝大多数属于钾玄岩
系列和高钾钙碱性系列,少数玄武岩和安山岩属于钙碱性和低钾拉斑玄武岩系列。微量元素方面,它们相对富集轻稀土元素和大
离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th和U),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti),具有活动大陆边缘型火山岩的亲和性。流纹岩LA-ICPMS
锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(321.2±2.3)Ma,表明该套火山岩形成于早石炭世末期北天山大洋型岩石圈向伊犁地块之下俯冲的活
动大陆边缘带。所有样品εNd(t)>0,N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)初始值变化较大(0.7040~0.7163)。玄武岩岩浆源区为俯冲板片之上亏
损地幔楔,安山岩岩浆源区为莫霍面附近的岛弧型地壳根部,流纹岩岩浆源区则为岛弧型下部地壳。      

西藏冈底斯带中南部与俯冲有关的早侏罗世花岗闪长岩:锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学证据

肖打松多花岗闪长岩位于西藏冈底斯花岗岩带中段以南,主要岩石类型有:细中粒黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒
含斑黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒斑状黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩,岩石具钙碱性特征,w(SiO₂)=61.58%~72.16%,
w(K₂O)/w(Na₂O)=0.64~1.15,相对富钠,A/CNK=1.25~1.43,w(Al₂O₃)变化于11.45%~16.00%之间,为准铝质岩石,花
岗闪长岩岩体稀土元素总量w(ΣREE)变化于152.10×10-6~251.22×10-6之间;轻稀土元素富集,负Eu异常较明显,以富K、
Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Y、Yb等高场强元素为特征。岩石学和岩石地球化学研究表明,该时期的花岗闪长岩具
俯冲I型花岗岩的特点,形成于板块俯冲下的岛弧环境。用SHRIMP测定肖打松多花岗闪长岩体锆石的U-Pb年龄为(191.9±
1.1)Ma。同时表明冈底斯岩浆弧带在早侏罗世岩浆曾经剧烈地活动过,肖打松多岩体是新特提斯洋向北俯冲作用的产物。      

三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩储集空间类型及储层特征

利用岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞等测井多种资料,系统研究了三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩储层的岩性特征、储集
空间特征和储层特征。研究表明,石炭系火山岩储层以中、基性火山岩为主;储集空间分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙、裂缝三大类;储层
孔隙组合有孔隙型、裂缝型、孔-缝复合型,其中孔-缝复合型最为有利;储层具低孔-特低孔、低渗-特低渗和强非均质性的特
征,埋藏压实作用对火山熔岩的影响有限,不整合面和喷发间歇面、断裂发育带对有利储层的分布具有控制作用。      

胶东地区脉岩成因与金成矿关系的研究:年代学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的约束

胶东半岛金矿区脉岩广泛分布,将其典型区域划分为玲珑地区、郭城地区和牟平-乳山地区三大地区,各区脉岩产状基
本相似(主要为NE、NNE和NW 向)。三大区域脉岩以镁铁质为主,但在郭城地区有少量长英质产出;其中镁铁质脉岩包括煌斑
岩类、辉绿岩和辉长岩,长英质脉岩有闪长岩和二长岩等。胶东脉岩富碱、高钾,属于钾玄岩系列和高钾钙碱性岩系列。其中,三
大区域中镁铁质脉岩化学性质基本相似,富集LREE和LILE、亏损HFSE,具有俯冲类型特征。在Sr-Nd同位素研究中,主要镁铁
质脉岩(87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.7058~0.7139,并具有较低的εNd(t)值(-23.92~-0.79),显示其源于富集幔源的特征。但是,玲珑
地区少量镁铁质脉岩具有较高的εNd(t)值(0.11~5.46),显示亏损地幔端元。郭城地区长英质脉岩的(87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.7087~
0.7132,εNd(t)= -20.8~-6.1。镁铁质脉岩Pb同位素特征为(206Pb/204Pb)_i=17.48~18.115,平均值为17.244;(207Pb/
204Pb)_i=15.078~15.641,平均值为15.473;(208Pb/204Pb)_i=34.93~38.436,平均值为37.635。郭城地区长英质脉岩Pb同位
素特征为(206Pb/204Pb)_i=16.971~17.344,平均值为17.151;(207Pb/204Pb)_i=15.401~15.484,平均值为15.454;(208Pb/
204Pb)_i=37.319~37.946,平均值为37.624。镁铁质与长英质脉岩Pb同位素比值均显示与富集地幔(EMI)Pb同位素比值相近,
揭示其源区具有共性。通过年代学研究可得,胶东脉岩主要形成时间在135~115Ma之间。结合年代学与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素约束
可得,胶东金矿区大量早白垩世镁铁质脉岩源于太平洋板块俯冲作用形成的富集岩石圈地幔,在构造复杂区域脉岩源区受到相应
的影响,如玲珑地区少量镁铁质脉岩源自亏损地幔,而郭城地区少量长英质脉岩源于壳幔混合源区或源区受地幔物质的混染。胶
东脉岩与金矿联系最紧密的是早白垩世镁铁质脉岩,它们在空间上紧密共生,在时间上属于同一时代,为相同构造背景的产物,在
源区上具有相似幔源特征,早白垩世镁铁质脉岩可能为金矿提供成矿物质来源。      

西藏林周地区帕那组火山岩时代及构造背景

摘　要: 林子宗火山岩在冈底斯带上广泛发育?其中帕那组火山岩的形成时代、构造背景和成因都存在一定争议。
对林周地区帕那组火山岩进行了年代学和岩石地球化学研究,结果表明,研究区火山岩以流纹岩和英安岩为主,ｗ(SiO₂)极高,表现由高钾钙碱性系列向钾玄岩系列过渡的特征。帕那组火山岩微量元素地球化学特征显示LREE、LILE富集,HFSE亏损,Eu负异常,与岛弧火山岩地球化学特征相似。此外,帕那组流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(５１.３±０.７)Ｍａ,是目前为止冈底斯带中东段中的最老年龄。帕那组火山岩形成于后碰撞背景之下,其岩浆为地壳源区的部分熔融作用所形成。      

三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷哈尔加乌组火山岩旋回与期次划分

为研究三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷哈尔加乌组火山岩油气藏的分布特征,需对火山岩的旋回和期次进行划分。通过薄片鉴
定、单井喷发韵律识别、电性特征分析和地震反射特征分析对哈尔加乌组火山岩旋回和期次进行了厘定,认为哈尔加乌组火山岩
主要为熔岩类和火山碎屑岩类,发育溢流相、由爆发相过渡为溢流相、爆发相、熔岩与火山碎屑岩或沉火山碎屑岩互层4种韵律类
型,其中溢流相为主要韵律类型。对不同韵律进行组合,可将哈尔加乌组火山岩划分为4个喷发期次,4个喷发期次又可以组合为
2个喷发亚旋回,该时期火山喷发主要呈现出喷发-宁静-喷发-宁静的过程。      

南太行山平顺闪长岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

南太行山平顺闪长岩锆石SHRIMP测年表明闪长岩体形成于(125.5±2.3)Ma,与太行山其他地区乃至整个华北地区
侵入杂岩体具有相近的形成年代,表明在晚中生代(115~135Ma)太行山地区与华北地区经历了相同的构造岩浆事件。平顺闪长
岩w(SiO2)=48.57%~63.54%,w(Al2O3)=13.53%~19.15%,w(MgO)=1.20%~9.31%,w(TiO2)=0.34%~1.07%,
w(CaO)=3.13%~10.39%,w(K2O+Na2O)=4.78%~7.99%,Mg# =0.37~0.72,LREE富集HREE亏损,略显微弱的正Eu
异常,以富集LILE、LREE元素和亏损Nb-Ta等高场强元素为特征。闪长岩(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.775~18.857,(207Pb/204Pb)i=
15.522~15.602,(208Pb/204Pb)i=38.044~38.502,εNd(125Ma)=-17.00956~-9.60632,ISr=0.70585~0.70753,表明起
源于EMI富集地幔,并受到地壳物质和EMII型富集地幔混染,可能说明在晚白垩世太行山地区与整个华北克拉通都发生了岩石圈
减薄事件。      

西藏则学地区俄穷瓦二长岩体的年代学、岩石地球化学特征及构造环境分析

西藏则学地区在构造上属冈底斯弧背断隆带。以西藏则学地区俄穷瓦二长岩体为研究对象,从野外地质、岩石学、LAICP-
MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征等方面对其进行了研究。结果表明,俄穷瓦岩体的岩石类型主要为细粒黑云母石英二
长岩,次为细粒黑云母二长岩。形成于晚白垩世(K₂),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(85.58±0.66)~(81.78±0.74)Ma。主
量元素表现出低硅[w(SiO₂)=62.31%~66.59%]、富Al[w(Al₂O₃)=14.96%~16.02%]、高K[w(K₂O)=3.38%~4.33%]、
低Ti[w(TiO₂)=0.68%~0.99%]和高钾钙碱性系列的岩石地球化学成分特征;稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素强烈富集的右
倾型,其(La/Yb)N 为20.70~27.20,具中等程度的负铕异常(Eu/Eu* =0.64~0.74);微量元素显示出富Rb、Th、U元素和强烈
亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti元素的特点。俄穷瓦二长岩体形成于陆缘弧环境,是雅江洋板片北向俯冲于拉萨地体之下所形成的冈底斯弧
背断隆带(GRUB)中燕山晚期构造-岩浆活动的岩浆产物。      

东北漠河盆地开库康组LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

通过对漠河盆地东北部"上侏罗统"开库康组的研究,发现了其与下伏中侏罗统二十二站组之间的不整合面,同时对开库康组砂岩和火山岩夹层进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得的2个样品中最年轻的碎屑锆石206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄均为159 Ma,反映了沉积下限不早于晚侏罗世;在其内的火山岩夹层中获得的岩浆锆石206Pb/238 U年龄分别为(136.6±1.9)、(137.5±2.5)Ma,该年龄与开库康组内发育的Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis植物群晚期化石组合和Ruffordia-Onychiopsis早期化石组合反映的时代吻合,表明开库康组形成于早白垩世早期,而非原划分的晚侏罗世。开库康组形成时代及其下伏地层锆石U-Pb年龄揭示了构造不整合面形成于137~145Ma,进一步约束了蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合之后漠河逆冲推覆构造形成时间及从侏罗纪伸展盆地转化为白垩纪挤压山间盆地的时代。开库康组时代的重新厘定对进一步研究漠河盆地与蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山带的关系提供了新的资料。     

蒙古国欧玉陶勒盖斑岩型铜(金)矿田的找矿新进展

欧玉陶勒盖斑岩型铜(金)矿田位于蒙古国南部,其最新的矿石总资源量(以铜当量品位0.6%为边界品位)为37.5亿t;
平均品位分别为0.983%和0.35×10-6的铜和金的金属资源量分别为3687万t和1314t,另有推测的11万t钼资源量(平均品
位142×10-6),最新发现了荷茹嘎北部矿点和乌兰乎德北部矿点,其资源量仍有待突破。欧玉陶勒盖地区的泥盆纪和石炭纪的
岩石记录了多期岛弧、大型斑岩铜(金)系统、喷发和多相变形的演化框架。成矿围岩是泥盆系阿拉嘎巴彦群的玄武质火山岩和次
火山岩,被晚泥盆世的石英二长闪长岩脉所侵入。斑岩型铜(金)矿床在空间上和时间上与中性-高钾钙碱性石英二长闪长岩
(372Ma)和花岗闪长岩(366Ma)的侵入体相关,表明欧玉陶勒盖铜(金)矿田产出于泥盆纪-石炭纪火山岛弧环境。      

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.     

Plate subduction,oxygen fugacity,and mineralization

Plate subduction is the largest natural factory that processes elements, which controls recycling and mineralization of a variety of elements. There are three major ore deposit belts in the world: the circumPaci?c, the central Asian, and the Tethys belts. All the three belts are closely associated with plate subductions, the mechanism remains obscure. We approached this problem from systematic studies on the behaviours of elements during geologic processes. This contribution summaries the recent progress of our research group. Our results suggest that porphyry Cu deposits form through partial melting of subducted young oceanic crust under oxygen fugacities higher than ? FMQ ～+1.5, which is promoted after the elevation of atmospheric oxygen at ca. 550 Ma. Tin deposits are associated with reducing magmatic rocks formed as a consequence of slab rollback. The Neo-Tethys tectonic regime hosts more than 60% of the world's total Sn reserves. This is due to the reducing environment formed during the subduction of organic rich sediments. For the same reason, porphyry Cu deposits formed in the late stages during the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Tungsten deposits are also controlled by slab rollback, but is not so sensitive to oxygen fugacity. Subduction related W/Sn deposits are mostly accompanied by abundant accessory ?uorites due to the breakdown of phengite and apatite. Decomposition of phengite is also signi?cant for hard rock lithium deposits, whereas orogenic belt resulted from plate subduction promote the formation of Li brine deposits. Cretaceous red bed basins near the Nanling region are favorable for Li brines. Both Mo and Re are enriched in the oxidationreduction cycle during surface processes, and may get further enriched once Mo-, Re-enriched sediments are subducted and involved in magmatism. During plate subduction, Mo and Re fractionate from each other. Molybdenum is mainly hosted in porphyry Mo deposits and to a less extent, porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, whereas Re is predominantly hosted in porphyry Cu-Mo deposits and sedimentary sul?de deposits.