强地面运动加速度峰值三向比值统计分析

水平向加速度峰值比为两条水平向加速度峰值的较大值与较小值的比值;竖向与水平向加速度峰值比为竖向加速度峰值与两条水平向加速度峰值的较小值的比值。以2 129次破坏性地震的156 783组地震动加速度记录为基础,研究水平向、竖向与水平向加速度峰值比值的统计分布特征,对加速度记录按照震中距、震级和震源深度进行分类统计分析。统计分析结果表明：水平向加速度峰值比总体平均值为0.83,水平向加速度峰值比≤0.85的累积概率为63%;竖向与水平向加速度峰值比总体呈现极值Ⅱ型分布特征,竖向与水平向加速度峰值比总体平均值为0.44,竖向与水平向加速度峰值比≤0.65的累积概率为92%。水平向加速度峰值比随震中距的增大而增大,竖向与水平向加速度峰值比随震中距的增大而减小。竖向与水平向加速度峰值比随着震级的增大而增大;在大震(7相似文献   

2008年汶川地震近断层竖向与水平向地震动特征

选取分布在北川-映秀中央断裂两侧断层距120 km以内的40个强震动台站的记录,对汶川地震近断层地震动竖向和水平向加速度峰值、速度峰值、竖向和水平向加速度反应谱及谱比值进行了统计分析.研究表明:(1)地震动加速度峰值有显著的上盘效应,经验衰减模型的结果表明,在距地表破裂3~60 km的范围内,龙门山发震断层上盘一侧竖向与水平向的加速度峰值要比衰减模型得到的平均值大30%~40%.上盘的加速度峰值残差大部分是正值,而断层下盘残差大部分为负;水平地震动的东西分量幅值总体要大于南北分量,东西分量衰减相对较慢.(2)地震动长周期成分较弱,加速度反应谱值随周期增大而迅速减小,在周期1.0 s 时,即使在靠近中央断裂的最大加速度反应谱值也只有0.5 g;地震动加速度反应谱谱比值(竖向/水平向)沿龙门山断层周围的分布,在较长周期(T=0.2 s, 0.5 s, 1.0 s)与短周期(T=0.05 s, 0.1 s)有明显的不同.(3)近断层竖向地震动显著,地震动加速度峰值比在(竖向/水平向)可达1.4.在龙门山发震断层的上盘,地震动加速度峰值比整体上比下盘要大,竖向地震动尤为剧烈.部分近断层记录的地震动谱比值(竖向/水平向)在短周期(< 0.1 s)甚至超过1.5,统计分析还表明谱比值在短周期段(< 0.1 s)随断层距的增大而减小.     

近断层竖向地震动峰值特征

为了研究近断层区域竖向地震动的加速度峰值衰减特征和竖向与水平加速度峰值比特征,为进行近断层区域结构抗震设计和地震危险性分析等提供基础数据参考,根据1952—1999年世界范围内震级在M5．4-M7．6之间的18次地震的地震动记录提出一种同时考虑断层距和震级影响的竖向峰值加速度衰减关系,并与其他学者提出的衰减关系进行了对比分析。然后初步统计分析了竖向与水平峰值加速度比值、竖向地震动PGV／PGA比值的特征。研究结果表明,本文提出的加速度峰值衰减关系形式比较简单而且能较好地体现地震动加速度峰值的衰减变化关系;断层距在0—40km范围内相当一部分竖向与水平向峰值加速度比值大于一般抗震设计规范中规定的比值即0．65;至少对于竖向地震动而言,只将PGV／PGA〉0．2s作为识别近断层脉冲型地震动的强度指标是不够的。     

仪器烈度计算方法的初步研究

现行中国地震烈度表中,给出了Ⅴ度以上烈度区水平向地面运动峰值加速度（PGA）和峰值速度（PGV）两个物理参数与地震烈度的参考关系。当分别用PGA和PGV计算仪器烈度时,计算结果与现场调查烈度相符率很低。文中提出了基于相符率的加权方案,利用PGA和PGV综合评定烈度。评定结果表明,相符率有较大提高,说明该方法能有效地使仪器烈度更加接近宏观烈度。     

震源机制对近场地震动反应谱的影响

将欧洲及其毗邻地区以及美国的部分近场强震记录按照震源机制进行分组,详细的分析了震源机制对水平和竖向分量地震动加速度反应谱放大系数以及竖向与水平向反应谱比值的影响.结果表明震源机制对震级不同的地震动以及地震动不同分量反应谱的影响程度不同;震源机制不仅影响反应谱峰值大小以及峰值位置,还在一定程度上影响反应谱的形状.     

地震烈度与地震动峰值的转换

本文以强震记录地面水平向平均峰值为基本数据,研究了在无条件、分别或同时考虑房屋层数和场地类别的前提下,地震烈度与地震动峰值的对应关系.并依据统计结果讨论了峰值均值随烈度的变化规律,给出了把烈度转换成地面峰速度、峰加速度或设计地震反应谱的建议方案.最后还讨论了把设计地震反应谱转换成地震烈度的方法,给出了建议的转换方案.      

乌恰地震加速度记录特征研究

研究了1985年乌恰余震取得的加速度记录,从地质及地球物理的角度探讨一些加速度异常点。分析了记录的峰值加速度与震害及场地烈度的对应关系。对比了竖向和水平向加速度、速度反应谱及谱与震级的变化特征。     

基于强震记录的核电厂抗震标准反应谱研究

依据基岩场地上的汶川地震强震记录,分析了地震动地面峰值和核电站抗震标准反应谱的特性,证明了在推导和使用标准反应谱时所考虑的地面峰值加速度与地面峰值速度之比(PGA/PGV)受地面峰值加速度和震中距的影响,将对标准反应谱形状产生明显的影响.另外还发现了基岩场地的竖向峰值加速度可能要远比通常认为水平向峰值加速度的2/3大....     

竖向地震动特征研究

本文以国内外数十次地震(ML≥5)的近场自由地表加速度记录为基础数据，进行近场加速度峰值比的统计分析，并着重对1999年台湾集集地震竖向地震动反应谱特征进行研究。统计结果表明，竖向与水平向(V／H)加速度峰值比与震源距相关，随震源距增加，比值降低；竖向反应谱及竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比是周期的函数、并与场地条件及震源距相关。     

近断层地震动区域的划分

与远场地震动相比,近断层(也称为近场或近源)地震动呈现了更复杂的破坏特性,但迄今,对该区域却没有明确划分,只是依主观选择.为解决这一问题,本文详细比较了近断层与远场地震动特征参数的差别,结果表明,近断层地震动的峰值加速度、峰值速度、峰值位移、能量密度以及竖向与水平向峰值加速度的比值同远场差别较明显,而水平向峰值速度与峰值加速度比和竖向峰值速度与峰值加速度比的差别不大.依据近断层与远场存在差别的这些地震动特征参数,划分了近断层地震动区域.     

川滇甘陕地区地震的加速度峰值比和竖向反应谱的统计分析

本文以国内川滇甘陕地区263个有详细场地资料的强震台站获得的802组地震动加速度记录为基础,研究了该地区加速度峰值比的总体分布特征,分别探讨了震中距和震级对加速度峰值比的影响特征,按照水平反应谱的标定方法对竖向反应谱进行标定并对其进行了统计分析。统计分析结果显示:竖向与水平向加速度峰值比的概率分布总体服从极值Ⅱ型分布,加速度峰值比均值为0.6,加速度峰值比≤0.65的累积频率为64%;Ⅱ类场地的加速度峰值比随震中距增大而减小;大震近场的加速度峰值比基本上远高于0.65;最后本文给出了不同场地类别下竖向反应谱特征参数,并与水平向反应谱特征参数进行了比较。     

地形效应影响下地震动参数与斜坡稳定性的相关性研究

地形对地震动的影响比较复杂, 考虑地形放大效应的地震滑坡稳定性分析需要选择合适的地震动参数. 本文使用自贡地形影响台阵记录到的2008年汶川M_S8.0地震主震加速度记录, 分析了地震动峰值加速度、 阿里亚斯烈度以及90%能量持时随地形高度的变化, 探讨了地形效应作用下峰值加速度和阿里亚斯烈度与地震动作用下斜坡稳定性的相关性. 结果表明: ① 地形场地对峰值加速度和阿里亚斯烈度均有显著的放大效应. 地形放大效应较为复杂, 其整体上随台站高度的增加而增大, 水平向的放大效应大于竖直向. 水平向峰值加速度的放大系数为1.1—1.8, 阿里亚斯烈度的放大系数为1.2—3.3; 竖直向相应放大系数分别为1.1—1.3和1.2—1.7. ② 地形对地震动持时也有一定的放大效应, 但不同高度、 不同分量的放大效应没有显著差异, 其放大系数均约为1.3. ③ 阿里亚斯烈度和峰值加速度均能很好地表征地形对地震动的影响, 与地震动对斜坡稳定性的影响具有很强的相关性. 与峰值加速度相比, 阿里亚斯烈度综合了地震动的多方面特征, 可以更好地表征地形对地震动的影响, 与地震动作用下斜坡稳定性的相关性更强.      

Engineering characteristics of near-fault vertical ground motions and their effect on the seismic response of bridges

A wide variety of near-fault strong ground motion records were collected from various tectonic environments worldwide and were used to study the peak value ratio and response spectrum ratio of the vertical to horizontal component of ground motion, focusing on the effect of earthquake magnitude, site conditions, pulse duration, and statistical component. The results show that both the peak value ratio and response spectrum ratio are larger than the 2/3 value prescribed in existing seismic codes, and the relationship between the vertical and horizontal ground motions is comparatively intricate. In addition, the effect of the near-fault ground motions on bridge performance is analyzed, considering both the material nonlinear characteristics and the P~? effect.     

Conversion between seismic intensity and peak ground shaking

In this paper, the relationships between seismic intensity and peak ground shaking are studied under no specific condition, separately or simultaneously considering the number of building storey and site category, based on data of mean peak values of horizontal ground motion recorded during strong earthquakes. Then, according to the statistical results, the variation of mean peak value with intensity rating is discussed, and schemes of peak ground velocity, peak ground acceleration or response spectrum of an designed earthquake converted from intensity rating are recommended. Finally, a methodology of converting seismic intensity from response spectrum of design earthquake is also discussed, and the conversion scheme is recommended. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 32–40, 1991. This paper is sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

the faulting characteristics of 2008 wenchuan ms8.0 earthquake and its relation with strong ground motion

The 2008 M_S8 Wenchuan earthquake occurs on a high angle listric thrust fault. It is the first time that the near and far field strong ground motion was observed for such special type thrust earthquake. This paper jointly interprets the distribution of peak acceleration of ground motion data with seismogenic structure and slip propagating process to investigate how high angle listric thrust fault controls the pattern of strong ground motion. We found that the distribution of peak acceleration of strong ground motion during the Wenchuan earthquake has four distinctive features: 1)The peak acceleration of ground motion inside the Longmenshan fault zone is large, that is, nearly twice as strong as that outside the fault zone; 2)This earthquake produces significant vertical ground motion, prevailing against horizontal components in the near field; 3)The far field records show that the peak acceleration is generally higher and attenuates slower versus station-fault distance in the hanging wall. It is doubtful that the attenuation of horizontal components also has the hanging wall effect since no evidence yet proving that the unexpected high value at long distance need be omitted; 4)As to the attenuation in directions parallel to the source fault(Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault), the far field records also exhibit azimuthal heterogeneity that the peak acceleration of horizontal components decreases slower in the north-northeastern direction in which the co-seismic slip propagates than that in the backward way. However, the attenuation of vertical component displays very weak heterogeneity of this kind. Synthetically considered with shallow dislocation, high dip angle, and prevailing vertical deformation during co-seismic process of the Wenchuan earthquake, our near and far field ground motion records reflect the truth that the magnitude of ground motion is principally determined by slip type of earthquake and actual distance between the slipping source patches and stations. As a further interpretation, the uniqueness of high angle listric thrust results in that the ground motion effects of the Wenchuan earthquake are similar to that due to a common thrust earthquake in some components while differ in the others.     

PREDICTION OF VERTICAL RESPONSE SPECTRA IN EUROPE

Equations for the prediction of vertical peak and absolute acceleration spectral ordinates in terms of magnitude, source-distance and site geology are presented. Comparison to similarly derived horizontal equations shows vertical spectral values to be 1/2–1/4 of the horizontal. The influence of site geology on vertical ground motion is reduced with respect to the horizontal. Ratios of peak vertical to peak horizontal ground acceleration in the near-field of thrust faults are magnitude and distance dependent, reaching values in excess of one very near the fault of large magnitude events. For strike-slip faults the ratio exceeds one for moderate events, decreasing for larger events, and is distance independent. Spectral acceleration ratios exceed one at short periods but are less than one at intermediate and long periods, irrespective of the source mechanism.     

Seismic demand models for probabilistic risk analysis of near fault vertical ground motion effects on ordinary highway bridges

The influence of vertical ground motions on the seismic response of highway bridges is not very well understood. Recent studies suggest that vertical ground motions can substantially increase force and moment demands on bridge columns and girders and cannot be overlooked in seismic design of bridge structures. For an evaluation of vertical ground motion effects on the response of single‐bent two‐span highway bridges, a systematic study combining the critical engineering demand parameters (EDPs) and ground motion intensity measures (IMs) is required. Results of a parametric study examining a range of highway bridge configurations subjected to selected sets of horizontal and vertical ground motions are used to determine the structural parameters that are significantly amplified by the vertical excitations. The amplification in these parameters is modeled using simple equations that are functions of horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations at the corresponding horizontal and vertical fundamental periods of the bridge. This paper describes the derivation of seismic demand models developed for typical highway overcrossings by incorporating critical EDPs and combined effects of horizontal and vertical ground motion IMs depending on the type of the parameter and the period of the structure. These models may be used individually as risk‐based design tools to determine the probability of exceeding the critical levels of EDP for pre‐determined levels of ground shaking or may be included explicitly in probabilistic seismic risk assessments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强震作用下桩-土-断层非线性动力相互作用特性

为研究强震区跨断层桥梁桩基非线性动力相互作用特性,依托海文大桥实体工程,利用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件,建立了桩-土-断层相互作用模型,分析0.20~0.60g地震动强度下断层上下盘桩基加速度响应、桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩以及桩身剪力响应情况。结果表明:覆盖层土体对桩身加速度放大作用明显,且随着输入地震动强度的增大,放大作用逐渐减弱;覆盖层对地震波的滤波作用显著,随着输入地震动强度的增大,滤波作用逐渐减弱;上盘桩基达到桩顶峰值加速度的时刻滞后于下盘;随着输入地震动强度的增大,上、下盘桩的桩顶产生的永久位移和水平位移峰值逐渐变大,上盘桩顶产生的永久位移和桩顶峰值位移均大于下盘,产生显著的"上盘效应";不同强度地震动作用下,断层上、下盘桩基弯矩均在上部土层界面处达到峰值,剪力均在基岩面处达到峰值,下盘桩基弯矩和剪力峰值大于上盘桩基,呈现出显著的"下盘效应"。在桥梁桩基抗震设计时,应着重考虑断层上、下盘桩基的差异和不同强度地震作用对桩基承载特性的影响。