南岭山地湖泊多环芳烃的大气沉降历史记录

高大山脉对大气环流具有阻挡或屏障作用.通过分析测定南岭山地湖泊沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的垂直分布,结合210Pb定年,探讨了大气PAHs污染在南岭山地的沉积历史.结果显示,沉积物中的PAHs主要以低环数化合物为主,其中尤以菲的含量为最高.在剖面深度0～28 cm范围内,总多环芳烃的含量范围为86～778 ng/g.自1970年开始,PAHs含量持续增加,其中20世纪80、90年代中后期PAHs含量略有降低;在2000年后,沉积柱中的PAHs含量呈急剧增加之势态.多环芳烃在大气迁移过程中发生了组成分异,沉积物中相对富集轻组分(低环数)PAHs,与颗粒物结合的大气干湿沉降是PAHs向偏远山地积的主要途径.     

黄河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源

运用GC-MS测定黄河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,探讨PAHs的分布、来源及潜在生态风险。结果表明沉积物中多环芳烃总浓度为111.3~204.8 ng/g,平均浓度为115.8 ng/g;PAHs高浓度样点多分布在黄河口西北缘、西南缘和东缘。黄河口南部和中部沉积物中的PAHs主要来源于燃烧源,西北缘沉积物的PAHs则呈现出石油源和燃烧源混合的特征。除局部(Sc11,Sc12和Sc18)沉积物PAHs具高潜在生态风险,大部分沉积物PAHs潜在生态风险为中等。     

广西三娘湾海域表层沉积物多环芳烃特征及风险评价

为研究广西三娘湾海域表层沉积物有机质中烃类化合物的分布特征及来源,于2019年10月在三娘湾海域采集了表层沉积物样品,利用加速溶剂萃取GC-MSD法对沉积物中的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析。结果表明: 三娘湾海域表层沉积物样品中多环芳烃的含量为37~241.8 ng/g,总体处于含量较低的水平,但与往年相比研究区PAHs含量增加明显。通过组分分析等方法进行PAHs的来源分析,结果指示其主要来源为燃烧源,夹杂石油源的混合来源; 通过效应区间法对多环芳烃进行生态风险评价,认为其总体处于风险较低的水平。综合研究表明,三娘湾海域总体生态环境较好,但人类活动对多环芳烃含量及分布特征的影响较明显,需要持续关注。     

东海泥质区表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征及物源

以 GC/MSD内标法定量测定了东海近岸和远岸泥质沉积区 18个表层沉积物中多环芳烃 (PAHs)的含量,探讨了多环芳烃在这些泥质区的分布特征、影响因素及来源.结果显示 ,近岸泥质区多环芳烃含量普遍较高,介于 180.3～ 424.8 ng/g(干重 )之间;冲绳海槽次之,含量为 211.7 ng/g ;济州岛西南泥质区最低,含量介于 117.1～ 211.7 ng/g之间.东海泥质区多环芳烃的分布主要受控于离物源的远近、沉积物粒度、有机碳含量以及东海环流体系.东海泥质区的多环芳烃主要来源于热成因,大气干湿沉降和河流输入是其进入泥质区的主要途径.东海泥质区多环芳烃的污染程度中等.     

新疆开都河流域不同环境介质中的有机氯农药和多环芳烃残留及分布特征

为探讨新疆开都河流域水不同介质的来源及分布特征,检测了开都河流域水、土壤和表层沉积物样品中20种有机氯农药(OCPs)和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量。结果显示,OCPs和PAHs在水中的含量分别为42.5~62.5ng/L和29.4~454.3ng/L,在土壤中的含量分别为8.8~12.4ng/g和6.6~128.2ng/g,在表层沉积物中的含量分别为6.6~13.7ng/g和20.8~491.0ng/g。空间分布上,开都河中游污染相对严重的土壤对应的周边河流沉积物也具有较高浓度的污染物,这种分布明显受人类活动影响,沿河道上游呈递增趋势,但总体上低于入湖口沉积物中的含量,表明博斯腾湖蓄积了来自周边的污染物。来源分析表明,开都河流域的六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)主要是历史残留,而入湖口区水体和表层沉积物中新的DDTs,可能与湖泊沉积物被扰动引起的再悬浮释放有关。PAHs以低分子量组分为主,其高含量主要来自于木柴、煤等中低温燃烧。风险评价结果表明,开都河流域土壤和沉积物中的OCPs和PAHs不存在显著的生态风险。     

若尔盖草原泥炭柱中多环芳烃的沉积记录

通过210Pb定年建立相应时间标尺,获得了若尔盖红原县泥炭柱中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含最和垂直分布特征.结果表明,泥炭中总PAH8的浓度为36.2～408ng/g dw,PAHs与泥炭TOC的含量具有较好的相关性.自20世纪初开始,PAHs浓度呈明显上升趋势,在1960年代初期达到峰值,其后开始下降.PAHs组成上主要以3～4环化合物为主,其中菲占总PAHs的45%,其次是荧蒽(16%)和芘(10%),体现出大气沉降来源的PAHs组成特征.PAHs成因判识指标表明,该地区泥炭中PAHs主要源自燃煤和汽车尾气排放;结合气流轨迹分析,我们认为四川盆地可能是其主要源区.泥炭中PAHs的浓度变化与泥炭TOC的含量、温度和降雨量有关.     

天津高沙岭潮间带表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及风险评价

通过对天津海滨浴场南侧潮间带表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的定量分析,探讨其分布特征及来源.研究表明,沉积物中∑PAHs含量范围为91.4×10-9～855.4×10-9,从空间上呈现出高潮滩中潮滩低潮滩的分布特征.样品中PAHs二环和三环含量占主导地位,以石油污染输入为主,并混合有化石燃料的不完全燃烧.根据沉积物风险评价标准,萘、芴、菲、蒽超出风险低值,对潮间带生态具有潜在危害,应严格控制PAHs的人为输入,保护潮间带的生态环境.     

山东半岛典型海岸带多环芳烃分布特征、来源解析及风险评价

山东半岛海岸带面临着各类复杂的环境问题,尤其是受到了多环芳烃(PAHs)等持久性有机物的污染,本文研究了整个山东半岛典型海岸带62个站点表层沉积物中PAHs的含量及其分布特征,并对其来源和潜在风险进行解析与评价。研究表明,该地区表层沉积物中16种PAHs总含量为0.06~3191.40 ng/g(平均值262.08 ng/g),与国内外海岸带相比,山东半岛海岸带表层沉积物中PAHs整体污染状况处于较低水平,但个别站点的PAHs含量偏高。运用特征比值法、相关性分析及主成分分析法解析研究区PAHs主要来源为木柴、煤炭、油类的燃烧以及油类泄露的联合作用。采用效应区间低值法(ERL)和中值法(ERM)对PAHs进行生态风险评价,结果表明莱州湾周边所有站点及威海、青岛周边个别站点苊、芴浓度位于ERL值与ERM值之间,但多数站点对生态环境潜在负面效应很小。山东半岛典型海岸带中PAHs对生物的毒副作用尚在安全可控范围内,极少对生态环境产生负面效应。     

表层岩溶带土壤中多环芳烃分布特征及来源解析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对表层岩溶泉域土壤中的16种优控的多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)含量进行了分析,并对其组成、污染水平和来源进行了探讨。结果表明,16种优控PAHs在表层岩溶泉域土壤中的检出率为100%,其含量介于439.19~3329.72ng/g之间,平均值为1392.44ng/g,7种致癌性PAHs占总量的26%。PAHs的组成特征受地形的控制,随着海拔升高,低环PAHs所占比例升高,高环PAHs比例降低。同分异构体比值分析表明,研究区土壤中的PAHs主要来自于煤、生物质和石油的燃烧排放。研究区土壤中16种PAHs的TEQcarc值介于18.65~501.13ng/g,平均值为140.57ng/g。7种致癌性PAHs占总TEQcarc的比例达到96.8%。研究区表土中,后沟泉域的污染程度最大,次之是兰花沟泉域和柏树湾泉域,水房泉泉域的污染程度最小,但由于柏树湾泉域松针落叶中BaP、PAHs含量较高,松针落叶中PAHs含量分别高达36.36ng/g和2370.1ng/g,土壤生态风险评价中应考虑松针落叶层的潜在影响。      

长江口启东—崇明岛航道沉积物中多环芳烃分布来源及生态风险评价

近年来我国长江河口有关沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的研究主要集中在长江口近海及上海主城区滨岸等区域,而长江口航道则鲜有报道。本文在长江口启东—崇明岛航道区域采集表层(0~20 cm)沉积物样品,利用加速溶剂萃取技术提取,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器对14种PAHs进行测定,研究其分布特征、环境来源和潜在的生态风险。研究结果显示,PAHs在所有沉积物样品中均有不同程度的检出,浓度范围为83.43~5206.97 ng/g,平均值736.95 ng/g。就PAHs单体而言,含量较高的是2~4环污染物,其中菲的含量最高,占各点位PAHs总量的9.04%~24.06%;其次为荧蒽和芘;具有高致癌性的苯并(a)芘在各个点位均能检出,占PAHs总量的0.94%~10.68%。与国内外类似河口和近海海域相比,本研究区PAHs处于中等污染水平。利用比值法解析PAHs的来源,菲/蒽(Phe/Ant)10且荧蒽/芘(Fla/Pyr)≥1的点位占所有采样点位的56.25%,表明区域内PAHs的主要来源是化石燃料的高温燃烧;位于航运码头附近采样点位的PAHs以石油源为主,部分点位呈化石燃料源和石油源混合污染特征。对照风险效应低值(ERL)和风险效应中值(ERM)进行初步风险评价,表明研究区域部分采样点位的PAHs具有潜在的生态风险。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861