富氧空气/甲烷对向流扩散火焰的实验研究

为了开发实际适用的富氧燃烧技术,本研究对对向流扩散火焰这一典型的扩散燃烧形态为对象进行实验考查,发现得到的实验结果与作者先前进行的数值模拟结果得到比较好的吻合,即利用详细的基元反应动力学模型对火焰的数值模拟可以很好的再现火焰特性;在此基础上利用CCD成像技术进一步研究了燃料稀释浓度、氧化剂浓度的变化对富氧空气/甲烷对向流扩散火焰形态的影响规律。     

络合捕集-火焰原子吸收法测定矿泉水中微量铁、铜、锰、锌、镉

近年来，对多金属离子采用同一前处理方法很多，国际法同时测定多种金属离子必须燃烧有机溶剂MIBK，对实验人员有一定的危害，本文利用PAN在不需要引物离子的情况下，对大多数金属离子又能同时引起到捕集和沉淀的性质来浓缩矿泉水中金属离子，用三氯甲烷溶解PAN，硝酸反萃取出PAN中络合的金属离子，火焰原子吸收光谱法测定，结果令人满意，报告如下：     

CALPUFF模型模拟结果的时空多维可视化表达

大气污染扩散模型数值模拟结果的时空多维可视化表达,能有效展示大气污染扩散空间分布,为快速高效辅助后期污染分析与应急决策提供重要的参考。CALPUFF模型能高效模拟污染物在大气环境中时空变化的扩散过程,而现有大气污染扩散模型模拟结果可视化表达普遍存在不能有效集成地理信息、缺失部分重要维度特征等问题。论文首先分析了CALPUFF模型,及其与组件式GIS紧密集成的技术方案,为模型模拟结果与地理信息集成提供了技术支持。然后,基于CALPUFF模型的数值计算模拟结果,详细研究了风场数据预处理及其矢量绘制方法,浓度场的数据预处理及其栅格渲染方法。在三维地形场景下,探究了大气污染物的时空扩散模拟可视化表达方法,给出了CALPUFF模型模拟结果与三维地形场景的集成表达策略。最后,通过组件式GIS,构建了福州市三维地形场景,以大气污染CALPUFF扩散模拟结果为例,在WPF系统框架下,实现了风场和浓度场的时空动态模拟和空间层级多维可视化表达。实验结果表明,本文所采用的时空可视化技术方案能将CALPUFF模型模拟结果,有效集成三维地形场景,实现模型模拟结果在时间维度上动态扩散和在空间维度上的层级分布,可为大气污染模拟结果的时空多维可视化提供参考。     

富氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中的锶

文章介绍了富氧空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定锶的方法,讨论了相应实验条件,选择了最优的观测高度、乙炔流量和氧气流量,分析了不同浓度酸对吸光度的影响,方法检出限为0.18μg/m L,该方法快速、简便、准确,适用于测定地质样品中的微量锶。     

长沙市SO_2浓度分布的数值模拟

本文用数值解扩散方程的方法模拟了长沙市SO_2的浓度分布,并比较了两种扩散系数模型的模拟结果,认为作者曾经给出的扩散系数较取扩散系数为粘性系数时为好。最后提出了一种评价、比较模式的方法     

蘑菇状火山岩模型的二维地震正演模拟分析

为了研究蘑菇状火山岩储层的地震响应特征,根据地质资料构建蘑菇状火山岩地质模型,分别采用物理模拟和数值模拟方法对蘑菇状火山岩模型进行正演模拟。结果表明,蘑菇状火山岩的地震响应特征总体趋势一致,即火山岩上部外形为蘑菇头状,与其结构形态类似;火山岩下部产生"蘑菇无根"现象,在细节上存在差异。物理模拟方法得到的地震波信息更加丰富,且在模拟过程中地震波的传播方式更符合地下实际情况;数值模拟方法没有噪音干扰,资料品质好,且可以得到波场快照信息。两种正演模拟方法具有互补性,为研究复杂地质情况下的火山岩地震响应特征提供更好的支持。     

基于黏性流理论对平板受波浪冲击的两相流数值研究

【目的】研究波浪作用下位于水面上方的刚性平板所受冲击力特征,讨论数值计算结果与实验结果的差异。【方法】基于黏性流理论,采用有限体积(VOF)方法建立两相流数值波浪水槽模型,对潜堤地形上波浪传播变形和淹没水平圆柱在波浪作用下受力问题进行数值验证,对平板受波浪冲击作用进行数值模拟,通过平板下表面测点上点压力数值结果特征分析以及与前人实验数据对比,讨论结果差别原因,分析结果特征形成机理。【结果】潜堤地形上波浪传播变形的数值结果和前人实验数据吻合较好;对于波浪作用下平板的受力,相比前人实验数据,冲击力数值结果更大,且呈现出更稳定的周期性特征,沿波浪传播方向平板上的冲击力先增大后减小。【结论】建立的数值模型对波浪与结构物相互作用问题的模拟有高的精确性和稳定性。     

孟加拉湾风暴暴雨的能量分析

利用MMSV3中尺度数值预报模式对2004年5月18-19日造成云南暴雨过程的孟湾风暴进行了数值模拟，在模拟结果与实况较为一致的基础上，利用辐散风和旋转风动能平衡方程，分析盂湾风暴的能量收支和转换特征，揭示孟加拉湾风暴维持的机制及其与外围暴雨增幅的关系。     

Tween80分子在气-液界面上的吸附动力学

用滴体积法测定30℃时Tween 80水溶液的平衡及动态表面张力；研究了溶液浓度对动态表面张力及吸附机理的影响。结果表明，溶液浓度越大，动态表面张力数值越小。低浓度时，分子在气-液界面上的吸附受纯扩散控制，浓度增大，表面吸附为扩散-动力学控制机理。     

基于立体网格的放射性污染物扩散过程模拟与表达

针对放射性污染物的扩散过程表达问题,设计了适用于该方法的状态建模与面向对象建模混合的数据模型,该模型支持真三维的网格化表达与元胞机推演,可以将传统放射性污染物的计算与表达结合在一起,数据不需要多次转换与重采样,降低了精度和效率的损失。通过两个实验,分别针对单源和多源放射性污染物的大气扩散过程进行了模拟,扩散模拟的结果符合放射性污染物扩散的客观规律,整个扩散表达过程中任意一个时刻、截面或者空间的污染物浓度都可以动态地计算和表达,过程具有非常好的直观性和可分析性。     

Application of the clustering method in molecular dynamics simulation of the diffusion coefficient

Using molecular dynamics （MD） simulation, the diffusion of oxygen, methane, ammonia and carbon dioxide in water was simulated in the canonical NVT ensemble, and the diffusion coefficient was analyzed by the clustering method. By comparing to the conventional method （using the Einstein model） and the differentiation-interval variation method, we found that the results obtained by the clustering method used in this study are more close to the experimental values. This method proved to be more reasonable than the other two methods.     

近江牡蛎耗氧率和排氨率的研究

采用室内实验生态学方法研究近江牡蛎的耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明,在实验温度13~33℃范围内,近江牡蛎的耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体重(W)均呈负相关,可用Y=aW-b表示。耗氧率和温度的关系可表示为RO=-c+b1t-b2 t2,耗氧率为0.626~2.354 mg.g-1.h-1;在温度13~28℃范围内,耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达最大值,温度升高至33℃时,耗氧率反而下降。排氨率与温度的关系可表示为RN=c1e d1t,排氨率为0.075~0.318 mg.g-1.h-1,且随温度的升高,排氨率呈持续升高趋势。近江牡蛎呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.631~3.399和1.046~2.288。在28℃,不同规格近江牡蛎呼吸氧原子数与排出氨氮原子数的比值(nO/nN)均达到最大值。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对近江牡蛎的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。近江牡蛎的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高46.8%和67.7%。     

Predicting size effect on diffusion-limited current density of oxygen reduction by copper wire

The size effect of copper wire radius (0.04–0.82 mm) on the diffusion-limited current density of an oxygen reduction reaction in stagnant simulated seawater (naturally aerated 0.5 mol/L NaCl) is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared with the results obtained in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. In the oxygen diffusion-limited range, size effect is found to occur independent of electrolytes, which is attributed to non-linear diffusion. Additionally, to satisfy application in a marine setting, an empirical equation correlating oxygen diffusion-limited current density to copper wire radius is proposed by fitting experimental data.     

Influence of dissolved oxygen on the protectiveness and morphological characteristics of calcareous deposits with galvanostatic polarization

The influence of dissolved oxygen on calcareous deposits formed under galvanostatic polarization mode was studied.When the dissolved oxygen concentration was less than 7 mg L~(-1),the cathodic protection potential showed a plateau at the initial polarization,and then quickly shifted negatively.While the dissolved oxygen was more than 9 mg L~(-1),the potential shifted negatively in a linear form.After 168 h of polarization,the final protection potential shifted negatively with the decreasing dissolved oxygen concentration.The deposition progress was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and only one single loop was found in Nyquist diagram,indicating deposits of ineffective protectiveness precipitation under the experimental conditions.The protection factor of deposits increased with the decreasing dissolved oxygen concentration which was detected by linear polarization resistance technique.The cathodic electrochemical reaction could change very shortly from oxygen reduction to hydrogen evolution after cathodic protection under very low dissolved oxygen concentration,such as 1 mg L~(-1),resulting in the hydrogen bubbling from the metallic surface and the decrease of deposits protection factor.Observation by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the deposits were mainly of calcite under the experimental conditions,and that dissolved oxygen had no effect on the crystalline types of calcium carbonate.     

Violent transient sloshing-wave interaction with a baffle in a three-dimensional numerical tank

A finite difference model for solving Navier Stokes equations with turbulence taken into account is used to investigate viscous liquid sloshing-wave interaction with baffles in a tank. The volume-of-fluid and virtual boundary force methods are employed to simulate free surface flow interaction with structures. A liquid sloshing experimental apparatus was established to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model, as well as to study nonlinear sloshing in a prismatic tank with the baffles. Damping effects of sloshing in a rectangular tank with bottom-mounted vertical baffles and vertical baffles touching the free surface are studied numerically and experimentally. Good agreement is obtained between the present numerical results and experimental data. The numerical results match well with the current experimental data for strong nonlinear sloshing with large free surface slopes. The reduction in sloshing-wave elevation and impact pressure induced by the bottom-mounted vertical baffle and the vertical baffle touching the free surface is estimated by varying the external excitation frequency and the location and height of the vertical baffle under horizontal excitation.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OXYGEN REDUCTIONIN ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION

ImODUcrlONArnaorandnowincreasinglyimPoftantprobleminthemanyyearsinvestigationsofabosphericcormsionofmetaIsandalloyisthatthecormsionrmctionunderathineleCtrolytelayerchangessigwhcanhywithdrying.Tornashov(l966)reportedthatthecorm-sionrateisinfluentalbytheelamlytelayerthwhnessandiscontrolledbythedtheion-lndtingcurrentofoxygenreduCtionreig.l)whentheel~lytefilmisthickerthanthediffUSionlayerthickness.ThereforetherateisnotaffededbytheelCCtrolyteFilmthwh-nessforthecaseofaverythickFilm,e.g.regionI…     

Evaluation of coal bed methane content using BET adsorption isotherm equation

Coal bed methane is unconventional raw natural gas stored in coal seam with considerable reserves in China.In recent years,as the coal bed methane production,the safety and the use of resources have been paid more attentions.Evaluating coal bed methane content is an urgent problem.A BET adsorption isotherm equation is used to process the experimental data.The various parameters of BET equation under different temperatures are obtained;a theoretical gas content correction factor is proposed,and an evaluation method of actual coal bed methane is established.     

Study on kinetics of cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen in 3.5% sodium chloride solution

Electrochemical reduction of dissolved oxygen in seawater on metals is of great importance for corrosion studies. The present paper studied cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen on Q235 carbon steel in 3. 5% sodium chloride(NaCl)solutions by cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), rotating disk electrode(RDE)and rotating ring-disk electrode(RRDE). The cyclic voltammetric results demonstrated the cathodic process on Q235 carbon steel in O2-saturated 3. 5% NaCl solution contains three reactions:dissolved oxygen reduction, iron oxides reduction and hydrogen evolution. The peak potential of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is-0. 85 V vs Ag/AgCl, 3 molL-1 KCl. The E1S results indicated that the ORR occurring on Q235 carbon steel is a 4-electron process and that no finite diffusion is caused by the intermediate of H2O2 produced by ORR. The RDE and RRDE voltammograms confirmed the EIS results and it was found that the number of transferred electrons for ORR was nearly 4, I. E. , dissolved oxygen reduced to water.     

Study on Dissolved Trace Metals in Sea Surface Microlayer in Daya Bay

Glass-plate sampling during 1988- 1999 in Daya Bay and suitable corresponding analytical methods were used for the measurement of dissolved trace metals, dissolved organic carbon, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, salinity of the sea surface mierolayer and subsurface water. Apparent enrichment mechanism and diurnal variation have been revealed for dissolved trace metals in the microlayer in Daya Bay. The more dissolved organic matter was enriched in the sea surface microlayer, the more dissolved trace metals were enriched in the layer. The organic matter played an important role in the enrichment process. The diurnal variations of dissolved trace metals showed that their concentration was apparently inversely related to the tide activity that the concentration was low during rising tide, but high during falling tide. The behavior of dissolved trace metals expressed by the diurnal variation was clearly opposite to that of salinity.