赤道太平洋铁锰矿床的化学及矿物学

代号为Ｒ／ＶＭｏａｎａＷａｖｅ的两次航次调查采集了Ｃｏｏｋ岛、Ｋｉｒｂａｔｉ岛及Ｔｕｖａｌｕ岛的铁锰结核、结壳及磷酸盐基底岩石。     

煤岩组分化学结构随热演化变化与生烃性研究

应用显微傅立叶红外光谱分析,研究了胜利油田附近的石炭系太原组煤烃源岩中主要生烃有机组分化学结构特征。结果表明,荧光镜质体富含芳烃结构和含氧有机结构,而树脂体和角质体富含脂肪烃结构,荧光镜质体和树脂体烷基烃碳链短或支化程度高。随热演化程度增高,荧光镜质体和树脂体红外光谱参数(CH₂+CH₃) C=C和CH₂ CH₃比值逐渐减小,而孢子体和角质体的这两个参数先增后减,反映出荧光镜质体与树脂体具早期生烃特点,而孢子体与角质体生烃演化具弱—强—弱特性,具生烃高峰期。     

热流与大陆地壳的化学组分

新近的大陆地壳化学组分模型建立在各种地球物理、地质和岩石学条件上，并显示较宽的组分变化范围。其中ＳｉＯ２变化在（５７￣６４）ωＢ％，Ｋ２Ｏ为（１．１￣２．４）０６ωＢ％。大多数不相容元素有较高含量估值的模型暗示着这些元素在贫化地幔中极端亏损（〉７０％）。地壳热流制约着大陆地壳内产热元素（ＨＰＥ：Ｋ，Ｔｈ，Ｕ）的丰度，因而，为检验各种模型提供了一条明确而重要的途径。大陆热流中地壳放射性成因组分应在１     

海洋沉积物可溶铁测定条件的探讨

海洋沉积物可溶铁Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)比值,已被海洋地质工作者作为海洋油气化探的一项间接指标应用于东海油气化探中。这种铁的含量受提取酸的种类、浓度、样品微沸时间、放置时间等条件的影响。必须采用统一的可溶铁测定方法,只有在同一标准条件下测定的海洋沉积物可溶铁结果才有对比意义。     

海洋沉积物中氧化亚铁的分析测定

海洋沉积物试样用Ｈ２Ｏ２－ＨＡｃ浸取,用以除去干扰测定ＦｅＯ的锰化合物和硫化珠,并以Ｈ２ＳＯ３－Ｎａ２ＳＯ３混合溶液破坏过乘的Ｈ２Ｏ２,不需过滤分离,即可用ＨＦ－Ｈ２ＳＯ４分解试样,Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７标准溶液滴定ＦｅＯ。方法经海洋沉积物国家标准物质分析验证,结果与参考值相符,ＲＳＤ为６．３３％。     

珠江口海区碳酸钙的海洋化学

根据50个测站点101个样品的分析结果，文章描述了珠江口海区碳酸盐各组分的比例随pH的变化。求得∑CO2在珠江不同入海口与盐度的关系式、钙与盐度的关系式。并计算了珠江钙的年输送量和珠江口海区方解石和文石饱和度。     

福建各时代玄武岩类的化学组分及对其形成环境的探讨

福建境内各时代玄武岩类的活动期次从晚太古代至晚第三纪共有９次之多,时间间隔达２０多亿年,各自所属的层位年代均比较明确。利用已掌握的地球化学分析资料,可对各期玄武岩的岩石类型进行划分,并进而探讨其各自源区的上地幔性质、成岩的构造环境及演化。按照玄武岩类地球化学特征所作出的判别,初步认为福建一些地区在晚太古代及中元古代时,一度出现过裂谷化和洋壳化的进程,只是发育均不良。中元古代及早白垩世是壳幔作用最活     

寒武系磷矿主要化学组分定量关系式

寒武系磷矿主要由钙磷酸盐、碳酸盐、硅质及硅酸盐类等矿物组成。文中研究磷矿石中化学组分与矿物组成的对应关系，建立了主要化学组分之间的定量关系式（近似数学模型），适用于磷矿勘查和开发利用对磷质岩、矿石的矿物和化学成分的研究分析及未知化学组分的测算等实际应用。     

内蒙古塔木素地区断层铁化学种特征及其对断层活动性的指示

塔木素地区的构造稳定性对其作为高放射性废料处置预选地至关重要,需要进行全方位系统调查与安全评价。结合野外地质资料,利用X射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱技术对该地区3条断层的断层泥及其围岩进行矿物组成和铁化学种分布特征研究发现：① 塔木素断层（F2）围岩和断层泥主要以石英、长石为主,断层泥中含少量粘土矿物而其围岩几乎不含粘土矿物;样品中均只含氧化性铁。② 乌兰铁布科断层（F4）围岩和断层泥中矿物以粘土矿物和方解石为主,见有微量黄铁矿,粘土矿物主要为伊利石、蒙脱石、伊蒙混层;断层围岩中只含还原性铁,但断层泥中含有少量的氧化性铁。③ 除样品TMS04不含方解石,那仁哈拉断层（F7）围岩和断层泥均含石英、长石和粘土矿物及少量方解石,粘土矿物主要为绿泥石和伊利石、蒙脱石;在断层泥及围岩中均检测到氧化性铁和还原性铁,除TMS04中氧化性铁含量较高于还原性铁以外,其余所有样品中氧化性铁含量均稍低于还原性铁。断层泥和断层围岩的矿物组成和铁化学种分布特征与断层的发展演化密切相关,其差异性显示塔木素地区断层与深部和外界的复杂连通性关系,总体显示断层处于相对稳定状态。     

Iron-Molybdenum Isotopes and the Chemical Evolution of Ancient-Oceans

Iron(Fe) is abundant in nature while molybdenum(Mo) is the most abundant transition metal in seawater. Due to their high sensitivity to the redox state of the environment, the isotopic compositions of Fe and Mo as well as variations have been widely used to probe the redox conditions and the evolution of ancient ocean chemistry in favor of improved analytical techniques. Here, we summarized isotopic fractionation mechanisms and natural distribution of both iron and molybdenum isotopes, and further we summarized and partially reinterpreted the redox evolution of ancient oceans through time based on available Fe-Mo data compiled in this study. The process that causes the largest iron isotope fractionation is redox reaction and the iron in oxidation state is generally enriched in ⁵⁶Fe. Biotic and abiotic pyrite formations also produce a large Fe isotope fractionations. Isotopic fractionation of molybdenum in seawater is mainly caused by the adsorption process of dissolved Mo onto ferromanganese oxides or hydroxides in sediments. Fe-Mn (hydro)oxides tend to adsorb isotopically light molybdenum resulting in the isotopic composition of Mo in seawater heavier. However, the Mo sinks in euxinic settings cause almost no molybdenum isotope fractionation. The Fe Mo isotope isotopic records through geological timegenerally suggest similar ocean redox evolution: Oceans older than 2.3 Ga was mainly dominated by ferruginous condition, and there was a slight increase in oxygen content between 2.6 and 2.5 Ga. Earth’s surface was initially oxidized during 2.3 to 1.8 Ga, during which euxinic deposition of sulfide was elevated. Euxinic waters may have expanded greatly between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga, and after that, Earth’s surface had being gradually oxidized and the euxinic waters shrank substantially.Finally, suggestions are proposed for further work on the Fe-Mo isotope research in the context of ancient ocean chemistry.     

胃肠酸度下中药及补铁制剂中铁活性的影响研究

在人体胃肠液的酸度条件下,采用正辛醇-水分配体系模拟药物在人体肠胃中的分配情况,研究了中药和补铁制剂中铁的形态及其在人体内的吸收情况,并探讨了中药不同比例的配伍、胃肠酸度及还原性物质的存在对水溶态铁和醇溶态铁的影响。结果表明,药物溶液中的铁形态与药物本身特性和配伍情况有关,酸度及配伍对药物中铁的溶出率和溶液中铁的形态有较大影响,人体对铁的吸收与胃肠酸度和还原性物质的存在有关。     

Development of Iron Speciation Reference Materials for Palaeoredox Analysis

The development and application of geochemical techniques to identify redox conditions in modern and ancient aquatic environments has intensified over recent years. Iron (Fe) speciation has emerged as one of the most widely used procedures to distinguish different redox regimes in both the water column and sediments, and is the main technique used to identify oxic, ferruginous (anoxic, Fe(II) containing) and euxinic (anoxic, sulfidic) water column conditions. However, an international sediment reference material has never been developed. This has led to concern over the consistency of results published by the many laboratories that now utilise the technique. Here, we report an interlaboratory comparison of four Fe speciation reference materials for palaeoredox analysis, which span a range of compositions and reflect deposition under different redox conditions. We provide an update of extraction techniques used in Fe speciation and assess the effects of both test portion mass, and the use of different analytical procedures, on the quantification of different Fe fractions in sedimentary rocks. While atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry produced comparable Fe measurements for all extraction stages, the use of ferrozine consistently underestimated Fe in the extraction step targeting mixed ferrous–ferric minerals such as magnetite. We therefore suggest that the use of ferrozine is discontinued for this Fe pool. Finally, we report the combined data of four independent Fe speciation laboratories to characterise the Fe speciation composition of the reference materials. These reference materials are available to the community to provide an essential validation of in‐house Fe speciation measurements.     

生态地球化学土壤样品元素形态分析方法研究

对生态地球化学土壤样品,采用振荡提取法提取样品中离子交换态(包括水溶态)、碳酸盐结合态、腐殖酸结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、强有机质结合态(包括部分硫化物);采用等离子体发射光谱法测定其中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn,原子荧光光谱法测定As、Hg、Sb、Se。方法的质量参数满足生态地球化学土壤样品评价形态分析的需要。     

络合滴定铁矿中铝的新指示剂

在ＰＨ４．５－６．５条件下，Ｚｎ与３，５－ｄｉＢｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ及ＳＤＳ形成可溶性紫红色络合物，利用此体系以３，５－ｄｉＢｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ为指示剂，锌盐回滴法测定铁矿中的Ａｌ２Ｏ３溶液颜色由亮黄变为紫红，络点突跃敏锐，Ｆｅ＾３＋的黄色不影响终点观察。     

库布齐沙漠颗粒物中磷的化学形态分析

采用7步连续浸提法对库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中磷的各种存在形态进行了分析测定,并对沙粒样进行了分级形态研究。结果表明：在库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中总磷（TP）的含量为137．21～362．09μg／g,其主要成分为无机磷（IP）,平均占TP的比例为94．60％;而有机磷（Or—P）的含量为7．88～19．12μg／g,平均占TP的5．40％。在所有不同粒度的沙样中,自生钙结合磷（Ca—P）含量最高,占TP的58．95％～80．05％,其次是原生碎屑磷（De—P）。占TP的8．13％～30．22％,二者占IP的绝大部分;其他各形态磷含量的高低顺序为：有机磷（Or—P）〉吸附态磷（Ads—P）〉铁结合态磷（Fe—P）〉闭蓄态磷（Obs—P）〉铝结合态磷（AI—P）。在所取沙漠颗粒物样中TP、Ca—P、De—P、Or—P、AI—P各自的含量都是随颗粒物粒度的减小而增大,而Ads—P含量则相反;Fe—P、Obs—P的含量受颗粒物粒度变化的影响不大。     

The Chemical Speciation of Fe(III) in Freshwaters

Dialysis and chemical speciation modelling have been used to calculate activities of Fe³⁺ for a range of UK surface waters of varying chemistry (pH 4.3–8.0; dissolved organic carbon 1.7–40.3 mg l⁻¹) at 283 K. The resulting activities were regressed against pH to give the empirical model: . Predicted Fe³⁺ activities are consistent with a solid–solution equilibrium with hydrous ferric oxide, consistent with some previous studies on Fe(III) solubility in the laboratory. However, as has also sometimes been observed in the laboratory, the slope of the solubility equation is lower than the theoretical value of 3. The empirical model was used to predict concentrations of Fe in dialysates and ultrafiltrates of globally distributed surface and soil/groundwaters. The predictions were improved greatly by the incorporation of a temperature correction for , consistent with the temperature dependence of previously reported hydrous ferric oxide solubility. The empirical model, incorporating temperature effects, may be used to make generic predictions of the ratio of free and complexed Fe(III) to dissolved organic matter in freshwaters. Comparison of such ratios with observed Fe:dissolved organic matter ratios allows an assessment to be made of the amounts of Fe present as Fe(II) or colloidal Fe(III), where no separate measurements have been made. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy

Chemostratigraphy has diverse applications to investigating the rock record, such as reconstructing paleoenvironments, determining the tectonic setting of sedimentary basins, indirect dating, and establishing regional or global correlations. Chemostratigraphy is thus an integral component of many investigations of the ancient sedimentary record. In this contribution, we review the principle inorganic geochemical methods that have been applied to the Neoproterozoic sedimentary record. Analysis of the traditional stable and radiogenic isotope systems, such as δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, is routine, particularly in successions rich in carbonate. These mainstay applications have yielded invaluable data and information bearing on the chronology and evolution of this eventful era in Earth history. Alongside the growing database of traditional data, a series of novel geochemical techniques have given rise to important new models and constraints on Neoproterozoic biogeochemical change. In particular, a range of proxies for water column redox, mainly obtained from black shales, have shed light on the pace and tempo of Neoproterozoic oxygenation and its link to the appearance of early animal evolution. Increased integration of diverse geochemical, sedimentological, and paleontological datasets, and the gradual radiometric calibration of the stratigraphic record promise to bring the details of the evolution of the Neoproterozoic Earth system into ever greater focus.     

典型铜镍矿区周围环境介质中重金属及其化学形态分布特征

重金属污染是金属矿山开采和冶炼所引起的主要环境问题。对甘肃省典型矿业城市金昌市周围农田土壤、废渣堆表面风化物及降尘、尾矿坝尾矿砂和尾矿坝旁排污沟沉积物中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn含量及其化学形态进行分析。结果表明:不同区域环境中重金属呈现不同程度累积,其中以Cu、Ni最为显著,含量由高到低依次为尾矿坝排污沟>尾矿坝>废渣堆>农田土壤;尾矿砂和沉积物中重金属分布以Ni含量显著高于Cu含量为特征;而农田土壤和风化物及降尘中重金属分布以Cu含量高于Ni含量为特征,前者Cu、Ni主要来源于尾矿,后者与冶炼烟尘排放有很大关系;样品中除Cr、Zn以残渣态为主外,Cu、Ni、Pb化学形态分布有较大差异,Cu以可氧化态和残渣态为主,Ni以可还原态为主,其次为弱酸提取态,Pb以可还原态为主,其次为残渣态。土壤理化性质是影响重金属化学形态分布的重要因素。     

Iron speciation of sliding mud in Toyama Prefecture, Japan

It has been often observed that black mud recently formed and accumulated in slip planes that are closely associated with a progressing landslide in Japan. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that the composition of Fe species in the sliding mud is different from those in the debris rock and bedrock. The sliding mud contains more ferrous iron species, which indicates a relatively stronger reducing condition within the sliding zone than within the host rocks. In addition, the composition of Fe species, the total Fe and the volume of sliding mud also change with landslide development. Therefore, detailed Fe speciation in landslide profiles can be a useful approach to understanding the progress of a landslide and may also predict future sliding as well.