1991年7月11日墨西哥日全食红外光谱观测及初步结果

本文概念１９９１年７月１日日全食是中国日食观测队在墨西ＬａＰａｚ所作的红外光谱观测情况及得到的初步结果，观测是用一强光力望远镜和一中小色散的光谱仪，配以ＣＣＤ摄象机，图象处理器，微机等组成的探测系统进行的，日全食时，在λ１０７１２－１０９７２Ａ波区共摄得极上层光球和色球的无缝光谱４１帧，日面外约１．０９６Ｒ。处的有缝光谱３５帧。文中还介绍了拍和的色球，日珥资料概况。     

1980年日全食色球闪光光谱观测和初步结果

1980年2月16日日全食时,我们在云南省瑞丽县用一架无缝光谱仪成功地进行了一次闪光光谱观测。仪器由定天镜供光,平均色散度为5.7/mm。光谱底片的高度分辨率为185 km。 观测资料初步分析如下:在4799—5845波段内,证认了1042条色球谱线,其中72条是文献[1]和[2]中未见列出的;确定了色球底的位置;用食既前的太阳边缘的无缝光谱和日食前一天的日心有缝光谱进行了绝对强度定标;测量计算了各条谱线在色球底层附近的强度。 此外,还拍摄到了5303(FeXIV),5445和5694(CaXV)三条日冕线。     

1995年10月24日昆明日食观测选题

本文介绍了１９９５年１０月２４日亚洲将要发生的日全食概况，提出了届时昆明日食的观测选题，文中对时频、射电和色球观测选题的意义和可能的观测结果作了预测性的讨论。     

1983年6月11日日全食光学观测

由北京天文台、紫金山天文台和南京天文仪器厂组成的中国日全食观测队天文组在1983年6月11日的日全食中成功地进行了下述几种项目的光学观测:(1)色球和日冕的光谱观测——拍摄波区为3600埃到6600埃,平均色散度约6.4埃/毫米,高度分辨率约110公里。(2)宽带日冕的光度及偏振观测。(3)日食全过程的彩色摄影。 本文对仪器结构、观测方法和获得的资料作了简要介绍。     

六个色球活动双星的H_a观测和研究

１９９０年８月至１９９１年８月期间，利用云南天文台１ｍ望远镜折轴摄谱仪附加厚片ＣＣＤ探测器进行了观测，得到二十余颗色球活动双星的大色散、高分辨率，高信噪比的光谱，本文发表其中ηＡｎｄ、３Ｃａｍ、４ＵＭｉ、ｖ２Ｓｇｒ、Ｓｇｒ、ＨＲ７３３３六个双星系统的Ｈａ附近区域光谱观测和研究结果。这六个系统在ＣＡＢＳ表中有关Ｈａ线的资料还是空白。我们给出了它们高分辨率的Ｈａ线轮廓图，计算了它们的等值宽度、半宽、Ｈａ线心的视向速度以及３条金属线视向速度．由观测结果表明，ηＡｎｄ双星的Ｈａ线在不同位相变化不大，没有观测到它的色球活动．３Ｃａｍ由于受色球活动的影响，在０．１５４位相时Ｈａ轮廓发生了突变，其等值宽度明显小于其它位相的等值宽度．４ＵＭｉ的Ｈａ线也是吸收线，但由于受色球活动的影响，致使Ｈａ线心部分受到发射的填充．Ｓｇｒ和ｖ２Ｓｇｒ的光谱Ｈａ线都属于吸收线，没有发现色球活动的影响，很可能不是色球活动星．ＨＲ７３３３是个色球活动比较剧烈的双星，Ｈａ吸收线受到了色球活动引起的发射填充，而且填充量较大．     

1995年10月24日昆明日食观测选题

本文介绍了１９９５年１０月２４日亚洲将要发生的日全食概况。提出了届时昆明日食的观测选题。文中对时频、射电和色球观测选题的意义和可能的观测结果作了预测性的讨论。     

大角星的Hell0830A的短时标活动

１９８８－１９９２年间，我们用云南天文台１ｍ望远镜的Ｃｏｕｄｅ－ＣＣＤ摄谱仪系统，对大角星的Ｈｅｉ１０８３０Ａ谱线进行了高分辨率光谱观测。从１９９１年６月２日的观测资料中发现谱线中出现明显的发射特征。该谱线显出类似于天鹅座Ｐ型星的轮廓，有发射射 和吸收谷，发射峰的蓝移有相当于６ｋｍ／ｓ的向外速度。分析认为我们观测到的是大角星的一次以天计的短时标色球剧烈活动，它伴随着物质的向外抛射，也引起星周物质的     

大角星的HeI 10830的短时标活动

１９８８─１９９２年间，我们用云南天文台１ｍ望远镜的Ｃｏｕｄｅ－ＣＣＤ摄谱仪系统，对大角星的ＨｅＩ１０８３０Ａ谱线进行了高分辨率光谱观测。从１９９１年６月２日的观测资料中发现谱线中出现明显的发射特征。该谱线显现出类似于天鹅座Ｐ型星的轮廓，有发射峰和吸收谷。发射峰的蓝移有相当于６ｋｍ／ｓ的向外速度。分析认为我们观测到的是大角星的一次以天计的短时标色球剧烈活动，它伴随着物质的向外抛射，也引起星周物质的向外运动。     

六个色球活动双星的Hα观测和研究

１９９０年８月至１９９１年８月期间，利用云南天台１ｍ望远镜折轴摄谱仪附加厚片ＣＣＤ探测器进行了观测，得到二十余颗色球活动双星的大色散、高分辨率、高信噪比的光谱，本发表其中ηＡｎｄ、３Ｃａｍ、４ＵＭｉ、ｖ＾２ Ｓｇｒ、τＳｇｒ、Ｈｒ７３３３六个双星系统的Ｈα附近区域光谱观测和研究结果。这六个系统在ＣＡＢＳ表中有关Ｈα线的资料还是空白。我们给出了它们高分辨率的Ｈα线轮廓图，计算了它们的等值宽度、半     

1958年4月19日日环食时8毫米太阳射电观测

在日食时观测毫米波太阳射电具有很大的意义,所获得的资料可供了解色球低层和色球中层的结构.在日环食时进行这种观测更有价值.苏联科学院和中国科学院所组成的联合观测队于1958年4月19日日环食时在三亚(中华人民共和国海南岛南部     

Spatially resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy of IC 5063

We present spatially resolved 10-μm spectra of the nucleus of IC 5063 that are near-diffraction-limited. The observations were obtained with T-ReCS, the mid-infrared (mid-IR) imager and spectrometer on the 8.1-m Gemini South telescope, with the slit aligned at a position angle on the sky along the direction of the cone of narrow-line emission. The spectra cover the nucleus and the inner reaches of the ionization cones at a spatial resolution of approximately 0.4 arcsec (90 pc). Individual spectra, extracted in steps in the spatial direction along the slit, reveal variations in continuum slope and silicate feature profile and depth on subarcsecond scales, illustrating in unprecedented detail the complexity of the circumnuclear regions of this galaxy at mid-IR wavelengths. The dust population in the vicinity of the narrow-line region, north-west of the nuclear position, is significantly warmer than that to the south-east of the nucleus. This is consistent with an observation of the cooler dust associated with the outer reaches of the postulated torus that obscures the type 1 nucleus in this object.     

Backyard spectroscopy and photometry of Titan, Uranus and Neptune

We present and discuss observations of Titan (photometry and spectroscopy) and Uranus and Neptune (spectroscopy only) obtained using off-the-shelf equipment, affordable and available to many amateur astronomers and small colleges. Spectral observations compare well with published results from front-line observatories, and some evidence of seasonal change is evident in both spectra and narrowband photometry. Scattered Saturn light presents a significant problem for Titan observations, in particular, for slitless spectroscopy, and our attempts to reproduce Titan's lightcurve have so far been unsuccessful.     

Progress in spectral studies of the FBS blue stellar objects

Spectral observations of 10 FBS blue stellar objects (BSO) with the OHP 1.93-m and BAO 2.6.m telescopes are reported, and overall progress in all the spectral observations and classifications of FBS BSO over 1987–2000 and in the classification of these objects based on all the accessible sources-- in all, 753 out of 1103 objects-- is discussed. Representative slit spectra for the major types of objects are presented and compared with digitized low dispersion spectra from the DFBS. The nature of the FBS objects is examined in terms of advances in the spectral studies. Two-color diagrams are constructed from the SDSS data and are used to find the regions occupied by the various types for further identification of objects of unknown type. Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 85–97 (February 2009).     

Measuring stellar line-of-sight velocities with the SCORPIO instrument

We analyze factors that affect the accuracy of stellar line-of-sight velocities measured from the spectra obtained with the SCORPIO instrument attached to the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We show that nonuniform illumination of the spectrograph slit combined with the effect of differential atmospheric refractionmay result in substantial systematic errors in the inferred line-of-sight velocities, and formulate recommendations concerning the methodology of observations, which allow the errors of line-of-sight velocity measurements to be minimized.     

The NASA/NSO Spectromagnetograph

The NASA/NSO Spectromagnetograph is a new focal plane instrument for the National Solar Observatory/Kitt Peak Vacuum Telescope which features real-time digital analysis of long-slit spectra formed on a two-dimensional CCD detector. The instrument is placed at an exit port of a Littrow spectrograph and uses an existing modulator of circular polarization. The new instrument replaces the 512-channel Diode Array Magnetograph first used in 1973. Commercial video processing boards are used to digitize the spectral images at video rates and to separate, accumulate, and buffer the spectra in the two polarization states. An attached processor removes fixed-pattern bias and gain from the spectra in cadence with spatial scanning of the image across the entrance slit. The data control computer performs position and width analysis of the line profiles as they are acquired and records line-of-sight magnetic field, Doppler shift, and other computed parameters. The observer controls the instrument through windowed processes on a data control console using a keyboard and mouse. Early observations made with the spectromagnetograph are presented and plans for future development are discussed.The National Solar Observatory is a Division of the National Optical Astronomy Observatories which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.     

EUV spectroscopy of the Venus dayglow with UVIS on Cassini

We analyze EUV spatially-resolved dayglow spectra obtained at 0.37 nm resolution by the UVIS instrument during the Cassini flyby of Venus on 24 June 1999, a period of high solar activity level. Emissions from OI, OII, NI, CI and CII and CO have been identified and their disc average intensity has been determined. They are generally somewhat brighter than those determined from the observations made with the HUT spectrograph at a lower activity level, We present the brightness distribution along the foot track of the UVIS slit of the OII 83.4 nm, OI 98.9 nm, Lyman-ß + OI 102.5 nm and NI 120.0 nm multiplets, and the CO C-X and B-X Hopfield-Birge bands. We make a detailed comparison of the intensities of the 834 nm, 989 nm, 120.0 nm multiplets and CO B-X band measured along the slit foot track on the disc with those predicted by an airglow model previously used to analyze Venus and Mars ultraviolet spectra. This model includes the treatment of multiple scattering for the optically thick OI, OII and NI multiplets. It is found that the observed intensity of the OII emission at 83.4 nm is higher than predicted by the model. An increase of the O⁺ ion density relative to the densities usually measured by Pioneer Venus brings the observations and the modeled values into better agreement. The calculated intensity variation of the CO B-X emission along the track of the UVIS slit is in fair agreement with the observations. The intensity of the OI 98.9 nm emission is well predicted by the model if resonance scattering of solar radiation by O atoms is included as a source. The calculated brightness of the NI 120 nm multiplet is larger than observed by a factor of ∼2-3 if photons from all sources encounter multiple scattering. The discrepancy reduces to 30-80% if the photon electron impact and photodissociation of N₂ sources of N(⁴S) atoms are considered as optically thin. Overall, we find that the O, N₂ and CO densities from the empirical VTS3 model provide satisfactory agreement between the calculated and the observed EUV airglow emissions.     

Spectra of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) Obtained with 6-M BTA Reflector at Mount Pastukhov

Between July 1996 and April 1997, 92 spectra of comet Hale-Bopp were obtained with the 6-meter BTA telescope of the SAO of the RAS at Mount Pastukhov. The spectra are two-dimensional, which allows one to determine the energy distribution for each emission along the slit and the energy distribution in wavelength for each individual position in the slit. From the 92 two-dimensional spectra covering the inner coma, detailed spectral maps of the total near-nuclear region of the comet are available for July 10, 11 and 12, 1996 and April 15, 1997. We propose an hypothesis about an unknown cometary species near λ = 620 nm in the spectrum obtained July 10, 1996. We also find an effect which may be caused by fluorescence of cometary dust. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Applying speckle masking to spectra

We have applied the technique of speckle masking to spectra. The observation of elongated solar structures avoids the problem of missing information in one-dimensional spectra. Image motion perpendicular to the slit was diminished by a one-dimensional image stabilization system. The remaining influence of the Earth's atmosphere was removed by a modified speckle-masking algorithm, adapted to the single spatial dimension occurring in the spectra. The reconstructed spectra achieve the diffraction limit of the telescope and the spectrograph.The first application of this technique to observations of spicules and penumbral filaments reveals more details and also yield line profiles which differ from those before reconstruction. The H emission in spicules shows line-of-sight velocities two times larger than in the unprocessed spectra. The non-magnetic line Fe 709.03 nm shows penumbral line widths, reflecting mostly the line asymmetry from the Evershed effect, which are tightly correlated to the continuum intensity fluctuations. Our reconstruction increases the coherence between both from 0.6 to 0.8.     

Uranus’ cloud structure and seasonal variability from Gemini-North and UKIRT observations

Observations of Uranus were made in September 2009 with the Gemini-North telescope in Hawaii, using both the NIFS and NIRI instruments. Observations were acquired in Adaptive Optics mode and have a spatial resolution of approximately 0.1″.NIRI images were recorded with three spectral filters to constrain the overall appearance of the planet: J, H-continuum and CH₄(long), and long slit spectroscopy measurements were also made (1.49-1.79 μm) with the entrance slit aligned on Uranus’ central meridian. To acquire spectra from other points on the planet, the NIFS instrument was used and its 3″ × 3″ field of view stepped across Uranus’ disc. These observations were combined to yield complete images of Uranus at 2040 wavelengths between 1.476 and 1.803 μm.The observed spectra along Uranus central meridian were analysed with the NEMESIS retrieval tool and used to infer the vertical/latitudinal variation in cloud optical depth. We find that the 2009 Gemini data perfectly complement our observations/conclusions from UKIRT/UIST observations made in 2006-2008 and show that the north polar zone at 45°N has continued to steadily brighten while that at 45°S has continued to fade. The improved spatial resolution of the Gemini observations compared with the non-AO UKIRT/UIST data removes some of the earlier ambiguities with our previous analyses and shows that the opacity of clouds deeper than the 2-bar level does indeed diminish towards the poles and also reveals a darkening of the deeper cloud deck near the equator, perhaps coinciding with a region of subduction. We find that the clouds at 45°N,S lie at slightly lower pressures than the clouds at more equatorial latitudes, which suggests that they might possibly be composed of a different condensate, presumably CH₄ ice, rather than H₂S or NH₃ ice, which is assumed for the deeper cloud. In addition, analysis of the centre-to-limb curves of both the Gemini/NIFS and earlier UKIRT/UIST IFU observations shows that the main cloud deck has a well-defined top, and also allows us to better constrain the particle scattering properties.Overall, Uranus appeared to be less convectively active in 2009 than in the previous 3 years, which suggests that now the northern spring equinox (which occurred in 2007) is passed the atmosphere is settling back into the quiescent state seen by Voyager 2 in 1986. However, a number of discrete clouds were still observed, with one at 15°N found to lie near the 500 mb level, while another at 30°N, was seen to be much higher at near the 200 mb level. Such high clouds are assumed to be composed of CH₄ ice.     

Line-of-Sight Velocity Fluctuations of a Quiescent Prominence

Series of H spectra and slit-jaw H filtergrams of a quiescent prominence taken at Pic du Midi Observatory on 7 November 1977 are studied. The observations have been digitized by means of an automated Joyce Loebl microdensitometer. The image processing of the H filtergrams reveals an internal structure of the prominence consisting of several arches. Series of high-resolution H spectra obtained with the slit position located on a selected part of one of the prominence arches have been chosen for Doppler-shift analysis. The obtained time series of the line-of-sight velocity reveal large velocity variations near the periphery of the arch and a strong dependence of the velocity (in sign and magnitude) on the position along the slit. The prominence arch shows also cyclic displacements along the line-of-sight direction implying Alfvén string-mode oscillations.