基于大数据方法的玄武岩大地构造环境智能挖掘判别与分析

通过玄武岩判别图推断其所形成的大地构造环境的方法由来已久,自1971年Pearce提出了构造-岩浆判别图解法之后,已涌现出了几十种不同的判别图。然而,判别图的制作过程中使用的元素的信息量少,数据样本量少,缺乏代表性,以至于其适用范围有限,且准确率不够。为提高构造环境判别过程的效率和准确性,本文提出以大数据智能挖掘方法建立判别模型,通过玄武岩的化学成分,迅速准确地对其大地构造环境进行判别。所用到的玄武岩包括三类:洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)、洋岛玄武岩(OIB)和岛弧玄武岩(IAB),样品总量为755个。首先,本文分别利用主量元素判别图和微量元素判别图对三类数据的大地构造环境进行判别,包括Ti O_2-MnO-P_2O_5、Fe O~T-MgO-Al_2O_3、Ti-Zr-Y、Zr/Y-Zr和Ti-Zr判别图。由于判别图法针对的是特定的元素或化合物,而有些样品的成份记录不完善或没有测量到有指定物质,导致无法对该样品在判别图中绘制,因此在绘制不同的判别图之前,需要筛选掉一部分数据。判别结果表明,在不考虑无效数据的情况下,Zr/Y-Zr判别图的准确率最高,可达90%以上。但如果考虑到已筛选掉的数据,上述五种图对三种岩石的判别准确率均低于75%。在利用数据挖掘算法进行判别的过程中,本文分别试验了朴素贝叶斯(NB)、K邻近(KNN)、支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(RF)四种算法。为达到较好的识别效果,本文将所有的化合物和微量元素组成51维的参数组用于训练模型,并且不会进行任何的数据筛选,即全部被视作有效数据。训练结果表明,NB的分类结果最差,但也超过了75%,而RF训练准确率高达100%。在算法的进阶分析中,测得RF算法验证准确率可达88.46%;为提升智能算法的实用性,本文利用贝叶斯定理对算法的判别结果求逆概率,以实现"由果及因"的合理推断;同时,本文通过人为模拟数据缺失,进一步验证不同的算法的鲁棒性,并认为RF和NB是应该被优先考虑的两种算法;最后,通过提取RF中的决策树,本文对样本中元素的重要性进行了分析,并找到了对判别效果影响最大的几个主量元素和微量元素。综上所述,利用数据挖掘算法判别大地构造环境要比判别图法更为准确、迅速且功能多样,可在该领域做进一步推广应用。     

矿物微量元素组成用于火成岩构造背景判别

火成岩中的矿物,特别是稳定副矿物的微量元素组成可用于火成岩构造–岩浆背景的判别。产于不同构造背景火成岩中单颗粒锆石原位微量元素含量的准确测定,积累了大量资料。本文介绍了用锆石微量元素含量的二维核密度分布投影,构建了U/Yb-Nb/Yb、Sc/Yb-Nb/Yb和U/Yb-Sc/Yb构造背景判别图解,可以区分洋中脊、地幔柱影响的洋岛及俯冲有关的弧(大陆弧)等不同构造背景形成的火成岩。单斜辉石、尖晶石、黑云母和角闪石的微量元素或主量元素组成同样可用于构造背景识别。     

The adaptation of Pearce element ratio diagrams to complex high silica systems

Pearce element ratios (PERs, of Pearce 1968) express geochemical data in a form where variations in absolute compositions of an igneous suite can be evaluated. Generally the denominator value in the ratio is taken as a major element abundance, but it is argued here that Zr provides a more suitable choice. Zr remains incompatible in magmatic systems up to 68 wt.% SiO₂ because zircon fractionation can be suppressed by high melt temperatures and increased volatile contents. The use of Zr thus permits PER modelling to be extended to much higher levels of silica than previously investigated. However, such systems are more complex than those just involving simple basaltic magmas. Besides fractionation, the processes of magma mixing, combined assimilation and fractional crystallization, and the initial degree of partial melting in the mantle source must also be considered. To distinguish and evaluate these processes a set of example suites are investigated from a complex synextensional calc-alkaline province in the western USA. Samples within most individual suites can be modelled by fractionation, however a significant trend orthogonal to the main fractionation vector is also apparent, and open system processes are inferred. Successful modelling is achieved on an inter-suite basis using diagrams with axis functions of ([4(Ca+Na)+0.5(Fe+Mg)]/Zr versus (Si+Al)/Zr). Potential open system evolution paths between mafic end members and crustal contaminants are also displayed and evaluated on these same diagrams. The encouraging results suggest that such PER diagrams may be employed as a versatile tool for investigating the systematics of related igneous suites over a wide area.     

Application of a new computer program for tectonic discrimination of Cambrian to Holocene clastic sediments

TecSand is a new Java software that is used for deciphering the tectonic setting of clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks through two new multidimensional discrimination diagrams. For each sample, TecSand calculates four complex discriminant functions: DF1_m1 and DF2_m1 for the high-silica diagram and DF1_m2 and DF2_m2 for the low-silica diagram, each representing linear combinations of log-ratios of all major elements. These functions determine the position of each sample within island or continental arc, continental rift, and collision/convergent settings. The program also calculates the probability values for the three tectonic fields. TecSand provides a “ready for publication” report for each locality, including the adjusted major elements, log-transformed variables, DF1 and DF2 results, and probability values for individual samples. Validations from samples of known tectonic settings, evaluation of chemical changes, and applications to Precambrian clastic sediments have previously been demonstrated in the literature. Therefore, we illustrate the use of TecSand in 10 case studies covering ages from the Early Cambrian to the Holocene. The results obtained from these two diagrams were not only mutually consistent but also with other geological constraints. As an innovation, TecSand provides an overall synthesis of the two diagrams as total percent probability values. Comparison of the results of this study with the previously published tectonic discrimination diagrams reveals that two recent multidimensional discrimination diagrams are more efficient in discriminating tectonic settings. Although TecSand does provide graphics, which can be imported and modified in commercial software, plotting of the sample diagram is no longer required.     

Statistical evaluation of tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams for granitic rocks and proposal of new discriminant-function-based multi-dimensional diagrams for acid rocks

The four tectonic discrimination diagrams of Pearce et al. [Journal of Petrology, v. 25, p. 956–983] for granitic rocks were first evaluated using the literature cited by these authors as well as from our new database. The first diagram (Y?Nb) cannot discriminate volcanic-arc and collision settings. Both Y?Nb and Yb?Ta diagrams have an overlapping field for within-plate and ocean-ridge granitoids. The remaining two diagrams (Y?+?Nb?Rb and Yb?+?Ta?Rb) use a mobile element (Rb) in their y-axis. Although these diagrams successfully discriminate volcanic-arc and within-plate granites, they perform less well for collision tectonics. Besides, felsic or acid rocks are scarce in ocean-ridge settings, which limits the usefulness of these diagrams for this geological environment. Therefore, using an extensive database, we proposed a set of five new discriminant-function-based multi-dimensional diagrams for acid magmas from four tectonic settings (island arc, continental arc, continental rift, and collision). The very similar tectonic settings of island and continental arcs are discriminated for the first time. These diagrams are based on correct statistical treatment of compositional data, because they use natural logarithm transformation of major-element ratios and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The use of discordant outlier-free samples prior to LDA improved the success rates by about 3–5%. Success rates of these diagrams as inferred from a testing set were between 76% and 88% for island arc, 60% and 92% for continental arc, and 72% and 84% for both continental rift and collision settings. Finally, application of these new diagrams to case studies not compiled in our initial database used for constructing these diagrams provided the following results: a collision setting for the Himalayas at about 30 Ma; an island arc setting for Quaternary acid rocks from geothermal boreholes in El Salvador; an island- or continental-arc setting for northern Italy at 35–52 Ma; a continental-arc setting for the Italy–Austria border at about 30 Ma; either a rift or a collision setting for northern Nigeria at about 164 Ma; a collision setting for central Nigeria at about 144 Ma and for the Cretaceous Masirah ophiolites of Oman; and an island arc setting for the Cretaceous Semail ophiolites of Oman. In spite of the relative mobility of major elements, these applications suggest utility of the new discrimination diagrams for all four tectonic settings.     

Calculated mineral equilibria in the greenschist-blueschist-eclogite facies in Na2O−FeO−MgO−Al2O3−SiO2−H2O

The new, greatly expanded internally-consistent dataset of Holland and Powell includes thermodynamic data for a wide range of mineral end-members in common rock-forming minerals, in particular, including FeMg_-1 substitutions in glaucophane, garnet, chloritoid and carpholite, and FeMg_-1 and MgSiAl_-1Al_-1 substitutions in talc and chlorite. Moreover, we have the uncertainties and correlations for these data. With the data, we have calculated the full pressure-temperature phase diagram for the system Na₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O (NFMASH) for quartz (or coesite) and H₂O in excess, in the range 300°–800°C and 5–50 kbars. By solving the set of non-linear equations formed by the equilibrium relationships for an independent set of equations between the end-members in an assemblage in NFMASH, the compositions of the minerals (and PT) can be calculated. Thus the changes in MgSiAl_-1Al_-1 along NMASH reactions, and FeSiAl_-1Al_-1 along NFASH reactions, are calculated, and the changes in FeMg_-1 and MgSiAl_-1Al_-1 along NFMASH reactions are calculated. From this information it is straightforward to generate PT diagrams for specific rock compositions. Mineral assemblages and mineral compositional changes in the phase diagram are discussed in relation to greenschist, blueschist and eclogite facies assemblages in metapelitic rocks. It is found that the correspondence between the predictions of the phase diagrams and the observations on rocks is remarkably good. When semiquantitative extensions of the phase diagram to include Ca(MgFe)_-1, NaSiCa_-1Al_-1, Fe³⁺Al_-1 and KNa_-1 substitutions are taken into account the agreement is essentially complete.     

磷灰石Eu/Y-Ce:基于大数据的源区类型判别新图解SCIEI北大核心CSCD

磷灰石广泛分布于火成岩、沉积岩和变质岩中,是一种常见的、包含丰富微量元素的副矿物。磷灰石晶格可容纳丰富的微量元素,且因其形成的物理化学条件不同会表现出差异明显的微量元素特征。利用磷灰石微量元素特征可以追踪物质来源和演化。现在常用的方法是利用磷灰石的微量元素绘制二元判别图解,经典判别图解包括Sr-Y、Sr-Mn、Y-(Eu/Eu^(*))和(Ce/Yb)_(N)-REE图解。随着微区测试技术发展,磷灰石微量元素数据日渐丰富,同时由于磷灰石化学成分的复杂性,传统图解已逐渐无法有效利用这些数据所携带的信息,进而无法准确判别其生成环境。建立能准确判别磷灰石物源的新型判别图解故而迫切。近年来,磷灰石微量元素数据的大量积累,为运用以大数据为依托,准确判别磷灰石物源奠定了数据基础。本研究将大数据技术与地球化学数据相结合,共收集整理了1925个代表性磷灰石测试点的微量元素数据,对富碱性火成岩、超镁铁质岩石、镁铁质火成岩、长英质花岗岩、中-低级变质岩、高级变质岩六种类型中磷灰石微量元素数据进行穷举端元处理,共获得7140个磷灰石物源判别图解端元组合,在轮廓系数限定下,进一步有效筛选并提取出能判别磷灰石物源类型的最优图解端元。本文构建了Eu/Y-Ce磷灰石判别新图解,相较于之前的磷灰石判别图解,其涵盖了更全面的物源类型,可以更准确地判别源区类型。     

An experimental study of effect of pre‐existing fabric on deformation of foliated mylonite at high temperature and pressure

We performed deformation experiments on a foliated mylonite under high temperature and pressure conditions in this study. To investigate the effect of pre‐existing fabric on the rheology of rocks, our samples were drilled from natural mylonite with the cylinder axis parallel to the foliation (PAR) and perpendicular to the foliation (PER). We performed 25 tests on seven PAR samples and 21 tests on seven PER samples at temperatures ranging from 600 to 890 °C, confining pressures ranging from 800 to 1400 MPa, and steady‐state strain rates of 1 × 10⁻⁴, 1 × 10⁻⁵ and 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. In the temperatures of 600–700 °C, the deformation is accommodated by semi‐brittle flow, with the average stress exponent being 6–7 assuming power law flow; in the temperature range of 800–890 °C, deformation is mainly by plastic flow, with an average stress exponent of n = 3 and activation energies of Q = 354 ± 52 kJ/mol (PER and PAR samples). The experimental results show that the strengths of PER samples are higher than those of PAR samples. Deformation microstructures have been studied by optical and electron microscopy. The original foliation of PER samples is destroyed by deformation and replaced by a new foliation, but the deformation of PAR samples followed the original foliation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements show a strong lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of the quartz c axis fabrics of the starting samples and deformed PER and PAR samples. However, the c axis fabric of quartz in experimentally deformed PER and PAR samples varied with temperature and strain rate is different from that seen in the starting mylonite sample. The initial quartz c axis fabric of the starting mylonite sample has been transformed into a new fabric during experimental deformation. Dehydration melting of biotite and hornblende occurred in both PER and PAR samples at temperatures of 800–890 °C. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

石英Ti/Ge-P:基于机器学习的矿床类型判别新图解SCIEI北大核心CSCD

石英的微量元素记录了石英生长的物理化学条件。通过微量元素对石英原岩进行分类的研究历史已久,经典工作是在以微量元素为坐标轴的图解上绘制各类型石英的分布范围,以区分石英类型。经典图解包括Rusk(2012)提出用于区分三种矿床类型石英的Al-Ti二元图解,和Schr9n et al.(1988)提出的用于判别不同岩浆岩类型石英的Ti-Al-Ge三元图解。越来越多的研究表明,上述图解不能满足对更多石英类型进行分类的需求,同时也出现与部分已知产状类型的石英微量元素判别相矛盾的情况。随着石英原位微区测试方法的成熟,高精度石英微量元素数据逐渐丰富为系统开展机器学习提供了大数据基础,为石英微量元素研究提供了新的角度和可能性。本研究运用机器学习分类方法对石英微量元素进行精确数学分析,提出Ti/Ge-P图解为石英成因研究提出新的地球化学指标。本文同时测试了六种经典机器学习分类算法,提高Ti/Ge-P图解在石英成因分类研究上的精度。此Ti/Ge-P图解适用于多种矿床研究,包括但不局限于斑岩型矿床、矽卡岩型矿床、浅成低温热液型矿床、卡林型矿床以及造山型矿床中的石英。这项工作是大数据技术与机器学习技术在地球化学研究中的积极探索。     

云南大关新地2井奥陶—志留纪之交钾质斑脱岩岩石地球化学特征分析

扬子地台内晚奥陶世末—早志留世初五峰—龙马溪组内沉积了多层钾质斑脱岩,但对于该时期扬子地台西缘钾质斑脱岩的研究报道相对较少.本文旨在通过对云南大关地区新地2井五峰—龙马溪组内沉积的钾质斑脱岩进行矿物学及地球化学分析,进一步确定扬子西缘该时期钾质斑脱岩原始岩浆类型及其所产生的构造环境.矿物学特征表明,钾质斑脱岩主要由黏土...     

Effects of non-conserved denominators on pearce element ratio diagrams

Pearce element ratios (PER's) have conserved denominators which have not participated in the material transfer processes that cause chemical variations in rocks. Theoretically, there is no truly conserved element (constituent) which can be used as a PER denominator because in every material transfer process all constituents have non-zero concentrations in the phases that are being transferred. Thus, constituents used as denominators of PERs may have undergone at least a small amount of material transfer. This communication investigates the degree to which a non-conserved PER denominator changes the trend of data produced by a material transfer process from that produced by the same process but plotted on a PER diagram with a truly conserved denominator. An equation is developed that utilizes the partition coefficient as the measure of the degree of involvement of the denominator constituent in the phase undergoing transfer. This equation is examined to determine how the magnitude and direction of a PER diagram data trend change with increasing involvement of the denominator constituent in the transferring phase. A set of plagioclase fractionation examples are presented which use different elements as PER denominators and consider the effects that small amounts of these elements in the plagioclase structure will have on the data trend, as a function of the element partition coefficient between crystal and melt. Results demonstrate that the direction of change in slope of a material transfer data trend is a function of the initial relative magnitudes of the numerator constituents on the PER diagram. Additionally, if the amount of involvement of a PER denominator in a separating phase is very small relative to the amount of the numerator constituents in the separating phase, there is no significant change in the data trend caused by material transfer on a PER diagram. Moreover, if the denominator constituent substitutes for a numerator constituent in the phase undergoing transfer, the intercept of the trend of the data may not converge to zero when there is a large partition coefficient, as would be expected from theory. Thus, statistical tests to determine if a PER denominator is conserved, which evaluate whether the intercept is significantly different from zero, may not be very powerful because a large amount of denominator variation is necessary before the intercept of a data trend is forced through the origin, if at all.     

浙江龙泉地区变质基性岩年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义

浙西南龙泉地区集中出露一套中深变质岩系,是华夏地块的重要组成部分,对其形成时代和成岩构造属性等问题历来存在争议.本文通过对龙泉变质岩中变质基性岩的地球化学研究,认为这些岩石的原岩成岩环境至少有两类:Ⅰ类岩石稀土配分曲线、微量元素蛛网图特征均显示与IAB的相似性,微量元素比值和图解判别均指示这套岩石形成于与俯冲有关的岛弧...     

关于岩石微量元素构造环境判别图解使用的有关问题

针对目前应用愈来愈广泛的不同岩石,特别是岩浆岩的微量元素构造环境判别图解使用过程中存在的问题,从这些判别图解建立的原理,介绍了微量元素构造环境判别图解的使用原则。强调指出所采集的样品必须新鲜(无蚀变或极弱蚀变)、非堆晶的岩石;选择的判别图解必须与判别的岩石类型相一致,即对花岗岩类要用花岗岩的判别图解,不能用玄武岩的判别图解;对特殊类型岩石要选择专门用于该类型岩石的判别图解,如碱性花岗岩,钾质火成岩;要应用多种图解综合判断;不能用单个样品,而应作多个样品分析;要注意所选择判别图解的特别说明等。此外,一些构造环境判别图解还能给出岩石的成岩过程和源区。     

岩石地球化学图解辅助分析软件的关键问题及解决方法

岩石地球化学图解是目前岩石地球化学研究工作中常用的有效手段,其对岩石分类、岩石和矿床的成因判别、构造环境判别和地质演化历史等方面的研究有重要的意义。通过对目前国内外常用的岩石地球化学图解辅助分析软件的分析,发现此类软件亟待解决的关键问题,即收录图解的种类和数量有限且不易扩展、使用过程自动化程度不高和软件独立性不强等。在收集整理了岩石地球化学领域8个大类、232幅图解的基础上,提出采用后缀表达式实现投点过程自动化和使用XML定义、扩展图解,按照岩石地球化学领域专家的工作流程,设计实现岩石地球化学图解成图、投点和计算软件以及CIPW等岩石地球化学常用计算方法。     

An Intelligent Method for Geochemical Discrimination of Tectonic Settings of Basalt Based on Olivine Composition: GWO-SVM Method and its VerificationEI北大核心CSCD

Geochemical discrimination of tectonic settings of basalts has been an important research direction of geochemistry for decades. Olivine is one of the earliest crystallized minerals of basaltic magma, which records a lot of hidden information of the formation and evolution of the magma. Therefore, basic elements in olivine are used to discriminate three tectonic settings, including the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), ocean island basalt (OIB) and island arc basalt (IAB). However, it is still difficult to accurately discriminate the tectonic settings by using these diagrams. The machine learning algorithm is introduced to solve the aforementioned problem. The classification performance of the machine learning discrimination method largely depends on the rationality of parameter determination. To this end, the paper proposes a coupling intelligent method for geochemical discrimination of tectonic settings using olivine composition of the basalts based on the grey wolf optimizer (GWO)-optimized support vector machine (SVM), or GWO-SVM for short. GWO is used to seek the optimal parameter combination of SVM to form the optimal mapping relationship between basic elements in olivine and basalt tectonic settings, so as to realize the accurate discrimination of MORB, OIB and IAB. In addition, according to the published geochemical data of basalt samples, the discrimination performance of GWO-SVM is evaluated by means of the simulation experiment, hold-out validation and k-fold cross-validation. The evaluation results are represented by the confusion matrix and its derived evaluation indicators. The results show that GWO-SVM can discriminate the tectonic settings of the basalts based on olivine compositions with overall classification accuracy of up to 85%. Thus, in comparison with the traditional discrimination diagram method, the machine learning discrimination method based on multi-algorithm fusion can significantly improve the discrimination accuracy of basalt tectonic settings. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.     

A proposed new diagram for geochemical classification of natural waters and interpretation of chemical data

 A new hydrochemical diagram is proposed for classification of natural waters and identification of hydrochemical processes. The proposed diagram differs from the Piper and expanded Durov diagrams in that the two equilateral triangles are omitted, and the shape of the main study field is different. In addition, the proposed diagram can be constructed on most spreadsheet software packages. The proposed diagram is constructed by plotting the difference in milliequivalent percentage between alkaline earths and alkali metals, expressed as percentage reacting values, on the X axis; and the difference in milliequivalent percentage between weak acidic anions and strong acidic anions, also expressed as percentage reacting values, on the Y axis. The milliequivalent percentage differences from the X and Y co-ordinates are extended further into the main study sub-fields of the proposed diagram, which defines the overall character of water. Examples of hydrochemical analyses of groundwater are given from Karnataka, India, for each of the three types of diagrams, illustrating the applicability of the proposed diagram in four case histories having different hydrogeochemical aspects. A comparison indicates that the proposed new diagram satisfies the basic requirement for a suitable classification of natural waters, and it also can be effectively used for studies of hydrochemical processes. Received, April 1998 / Revised, February 1999 / Accepted, April 1999     

Plate loading tests on sloping rock

The plate loading test is performed in order to determine the deformation modulus of a rock mass in situ. In the standard execution of this test the loading is applied perpendicular to the rock surface. The displacements are measured on the axis of symmetry, since for an isotropic material with linear deformation characteristics exact formulae are known which are valid at this location. For horizontal strata this presents no problem as it is easy to provide loading in a vertical direction. When the rock strata are dipping it is imprectical to use nonvertical load and it is then necessary to calculate the modulus from the displacements in a non-axisymmetrical arrangement. Using the well-known method of the Taylor series approximate formulae are derved which are sufficiently accurate for all practical cases of sloping rock.     

False metamorphic events inferred from misinterpretation of microstructural evidence and P–T data

Geometrical relationships involving inclusions and partial inclusions in metamorphic microstructures can be inadequate for inferring an order of crystallization and hence a metamorphic reaction. Unique spatial and/or chemical relationships need to be defined for mineral inclusions, in the context of a reference paragenesis, commonly the matrix assemblage. Corona microstructures are reliable indicators of metamorphic reactions, but require considerable care when used to infer reactions or changes in P–T conditions, owing to kinetic problems, as well as to changes in the effective reaction volume during changes across relatively broad P–T stability fields of assemblages. Mineral equilibria models, most commonly implemented through P–T pseudosections, may allow the order in which different minerals become stable along a given P–T path to be inferred. However, the order in which two minerals become stable may be different from the order in which two grains of these minerals nucleate. Furthermore, such diagrams cannot make predictions about which minerals will form porphyroblasts and which minerals will form inclusions in porphyroblasts. An evaluation of three examples from the Australian Proterozoic shows that modelling, in combination with inclusion‐host relationships, is a powerful tool for understanding the metamorphic evolution of a rock, but involves considerable uncertainty.     

燕山中段常州沟组砂岩岩石学、地球化学特征及地质意义

中元古代常州沟组是华北克拉通北缘燕山地区变质结晶基底上的第一套沉积盖层,不整合覆盖于新太古代各类片麻岩之上。为了解常州沟组时期的古环境、古气候及其物质来源、构造环境和盆地性质,在野外地质调查的基础上,对常州沟组砂岩进行了粒度分析和地球化学分析测试。岩石组合、沉积构造和粒度分析结果指示区内常州沟组沉积环境演化由下至上依次为冲积扇、辫状河和碎屑潮坪。常州沟组砂岩地球化学特征具有高SiO₂、Al₂O₃和K₂O,低TiO₂、Fe₂O₃、FeO、MgO含量的特点,成熟度较高,化学蚀变指数(CIA)介于52.00～73.23之间,化学风化作用指数(CIW)范围为93.04～98.68。由于岩石遭受钾交代作用影响,结合A-CN-K图解、Th/U-Th图解和古气候判别图综合分析,认为源区可能经历了较强的风化作用,古气候温暖、潮湿。Cr/Zr、Th/Sc、Ba/Sr、Rb/Sr值和La/Th-Hf图解指示常州沟组源区属性主要为上地壳环境,原岩成分以长英...