基于MAPGIS坐标系转换的ETM影像配准方法研究

美国马里兰大学GLCF的Landsat7 ETM影像(L1G级)采用WGS-84坐标系,而我国中小比例尺地形图一般采用西安80或北京54坐标系,要将马里兰大学GLCF的ETM影像与地形图配准,一般采集地面控制点(GCP)进行多项式几何纠正。但GCP的选取过程一直为一项繁杂的工作,常用的方法选取效率不高,精度不易控制。本文通过Map GIS坐标系转换的方法来实现ETM影像的快速配准,避免了繁杂的GCP选取过程,同时又保证了影像的配准精度,不失为一个较好的影像配准方法。     

MODIS地表温度产品在青藏高原连续多年冻土区的适用性分析

利用自动气象站观测的长波辐射计算得到的地表温度对MODIS地表温度(LST)产品在青藏高原中部连续多年冻土区的精度进行验证, 并利用具有较高空间分辨率的Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 7 ETM+反演的地表温度与MODIS LST产品进行了对比分析. 结果表明: 白天MODIS LST产品的平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别约为3.42~4.41 ℃和4.41~5.29 ℃, 夜晚MODIS产品MAE和RMSE分别为2.15~2.90 ℃和3.05~3.78 ℃, 精度高于白天; MODIS LST与TM、ETM+反演的地表温度一致性较好, 相关系数分别达到0.85和0.95. 说明MODIS LST产品在连续多年冻土区的适用性较高, 是研究多年冻土地表热状况的一个非常好的数据源. 而且, 不同空间尺度的遥感数据之间一致性较好, 可考虑将多源遥感数据应用于多年冻土热状况监测研究.     

基于GA-LS-SVM算法的城市不透水面估算方法

城市不透水面遥感提取方法一直是城市遥感的重要研究领域。以南京市为例,采用Landsat TM（ETM+）数据,结合IKONOS影像,阐述了多源特征的提取与选择方法及其对不透水面估算精度的影响,并采用遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量机参数,构建GA-LS-SVM模型。应用该模型估算南京市不透水面,与神经网络模型和像元分解线性模型进行比较。结果表明：采用多源特征提取城市不透水面,可以明显提高估算精度;GA-LS-SVM模型2000年与2006年估算误差RMSE分别为0.106和0.158,SE均为-0.001,明显优于其他2种模型。     

ETM影像小波变换数据融合在土地利用中的分类研究

在ERDAS软件支持下,对ETM遥感影像数据的TM1—TM5,TM7与其全色波段TM8进行小波变换融合,对融合后的影像采用混合分类方法进行土地利用分类。并对其分类结果进行评价,总体精度达到95.43%,研究结果表明此方法可行有效。     

基于Landsat-7ETM+SLC-OFF影像的山地冰川流速提取与评估——以Karakoram锡亚琴冰川为例

Landsat-7机载扫描行校正器（Scan Line Corrector,SLC）失效后的ETM+影像（SLC-OFF影像）约有22%的数据缺失,严重限制了该影像在冰川研究中的应用,特别对长期缺乏高质量遥感影像的高亚洲地区冰川运动连续监测产生较大影响。以Karakoram 中部最大的锡亚琴冰川为例,初步评估了Landsat-7 ETM+SLC-OFF影像在山地冰川表面流速提取方面的适用性和可行性。选取2009年和2010年两景SLC-OFF影像,运用局部直方图匹配法（Local Linear Histogram Match,LLHM）和加权线性回归法（Weighted Liner Regression,WLR）修复缺失数据条带,并利用亚像元互相关方法对修复后两景影像进行冰川表面流速估算。结果表明,LLHM和WLR两种方法均能有效修复冰川区Landsat-7 SLC-OFF影像,其冰流估算结果与同期Landsat-5TM 影像的冰流结果较为一致,三者冰流速估算精度分别为±5.9m ·a^-1、±6.3m ·a^-1和±4.0m ·a^-1,验证了Landsat-7 SLC-OFF 影像在山地冰川流速监测中的应用潜力。     

辽宁锦州市土地利用动态遥感监测方法应用研究

文章以辽宁锦州市为研究区,以SPOTS为主要遥感数据源,以1:10000地形图(或土地利用现状图)、野外GPS测量点为几何控制点,应用全数字摄影测量法,进行遥感影像的精确配准、纠正与融合.制作高精度的正射影像图;在GIS支持下,叠合基期土地利用现状图等非遥感数据,采用图像差值法、光谱特征变异法和人机交互解译法,增强提取土地利用变化信息,通过实地调查与核实,取得了良好的应用效果.     

论二维几何纠正与三维数字微分纠正异同

用多项式进行遥感影像的二维纠正回避构像的空间几何过程,简单易行,适用于各种传感器影像,普遍用于2幅图像之间的配准。二维纠正未考虑地形引起的变形影响,是一种近似解法。结合DEM的共线方程三维数字微分纠正,是对构像空间几何形态直接描述,对传感器成像时的位置和姿态进行模拟。当外方位元素解算精度较高时,可获得理想的正射影像图。     

祁连山区MODIS积雪反照率产品的精度验证及云下积雪反照率估算研究

积雪反照率在全球气候和能量收支平衡模型中起着重要的作用. 利用祁连山地区大冬树垭口站点反照率实测数据对由TM/ETM+得到的反照率数据进行标定, 然后将TM/ETM+反照率数据通过升尺度对MODIS逐日积雪反照率(SAD)产品在晴空条件下的精度进行了验证. 同时, 发展了一个基于MODIS SAD与AMSR-E SWE数据融合并结合Noah积雪反照率参数化方案估算MODIS SAD数据云下积雪反照率的算法, 通过统计分析纠正了云对积雪反照率的影响, 对云下积雪反照率进行了验证分析. 结果表明:MODIS SAD产品在祁连山地区的精度要低于大面积积雪覆盖的平坦地区(如格陵兰岛), 其平均绝对误差及均方根误差分别为0.0548和0.0727; 云下积雪反照率估算方法可以有效地获取云覆盖下积雪像元的反照率值, 纠正后的无云MODIS SAD数据与地面观测值有较好的一致性, 其平均绝对误差为0.078.     

1972-2007年祁连山东段冷龙岭现代冰川变化研究

利用1972年绘制的地形图,1994年Landsat TM遥感影像,2000年中巴遥感影像和2007年获取的ASTER遥感影像为数据源,通过遥感图像处理技术和人工解译对祁连山东段冷龙岭冰川进行研究,分别得到1972年,1994年,2000年和2007年冷龙岭区冰川边界并绘制冰川边界图,进而分析了该区近年来的冰川变化.结果表明:1972-2007年近35a以来冷龙岭冰川全部处于退缩状态,有27条冰川消失,冰川面积减少了23.6%;有后期加速趋势的特征,南坡比北坡退缩幅度要大.     

基于TM/ETM+影像反演祁连山七一冰川反照率精度比较研究

冰川反照率是联系冰川与气候、 寒区水文过程的纽带, 也是制约分布式冰川能量-物质平衡模型发展的重要因子.冰雪反照率的变化会改变整个地气系统的能量收支平衡, 亦可引起局地以至全球的气候变化.利用Landsat TM/ETM+数据, 运用不同学者提出的窄波段转换宽波段的方程, 反演了祁连山七一冰川总短波段的反照率.把不同的转换方程得到反演值与实测值进行比较, 选择绝对误差最小的反演公式.结果表明: Duguay1992模型提出的方程能保证4景影像反演值与实测值的绝对误差在0.05范围内, 而气候模式输入的反照率产品要求绝对误差在0.05以内.运用该方程反演的反照率结果, 较其他方程要准确, 可为分布式冰川物质-能量平衡模型的构建提供更准确的参数数据.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861