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We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions. 相似文献
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Eugene V. Artyushkov 《Geophysical Journal International》1984,76(1):173-178
Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer. 相似文献
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我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。 相似文献
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Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties. 相似文献
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城市化的开发区模式研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。 相似文献
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《Geography and Natural Resources》2008,29(2):132-136
The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants. 相似文献
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古都西安CBD发展现状与城南Sub-CBD规划建设研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在实际调研考察资料的基础上,依据城市中心商务区(CBD)和副中心商务区(Sub-CBD)的理论,分析了西安市CBD的现状特点及其未来空间发展受阻的因素;以城南小寨地区为例论述了西安在城墙以外的城市结节点处规划和建设Sub-CBD的必要性;最后归纳和论证了城南小寨Sub-CBD的现状特点,由此对Sub-CBD的建设提出了规划思维和建设构想。 相似文献
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L. M. Sorokovikova V. N. Sinyukovich I. V. Tomberg G. I. Popovskaya N. V. Bashenkhaeva N. P. Sez’ko N. A. Zhuchenko 《Geography and Natural Resources》2016,37(3):220-227
Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm3), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm3). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm3, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm3, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO 3 ? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal. 相似文献
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本文包括绪论、研究区及邻区自然地理背景、塔里木河中游典型区土地沙漠化专题图的编制(包括分布图和强度图),在此基础上,对该地区不同时期沙漠化状况进行了分析,研究了沙漠化的时空差异及其发展方向和速率,进而对沙漠化所引起的环境变化进行了分析和探讨了30年来人类活动在沙漠化过程的作用,最后提出了针对该地区沙漠化防治的措施和对策. 相似文献
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Andrey V. Pnyushkov Igor V. Polyakov Vladimir V. Ivanov Takashi Kikuchi 《Polar Science》2013,7(2):53-71
Recent mooring-based observations at several locations along the continental slope of the Arctic Ocean's Eurasian Basin showed a transformation of the Boundary Current (BC) from a mostly barotropic flow in Fram Strait to a jet-like baroclinic current northeast of Svalbard, and the reemergence of the barotropic structure of the flow in the eastern Eurasian Basin. This transformation is accompanied by a weakening of the flow from ~24 cm/s in Fram Strait to ~5 cm/s at the Lomonosov Ridge. The maximum of the baroclinic component of the BC at an intermediate depth (~200–370 m) is associated with the Atlantic Water core. The depth range of the baroclinic current maximum is controlled by cross-slope density gradients above and below the baroclinic velocity maximum as follows from the geostrophic balance of forces. According to the model simulations, the BC splits into shallow and deep branches in the proximity of Svalbard due to a divergence of isobaths, confirming topographically-controlled BC behavior. The shallow branch is located at a shelf break with a typical bottom depth of ~200 m and current speed of up to ~24 cm/s. The discussed results, which provide insight on some basic aspects of the dynamics of the BC (the major oceanic heat source for the Arctic Ocean), may be of importance for understanding of the ocean's role in shaping the arctic climate system state. 相似文献
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<正> “十六大”是新世纪具有里程碑意义的重要会议。江泽民同志在党的“十六大”所作的报告,全面深刻,论述精辟,气势宏伟,催人奋进,报告既总结了改革开放以来特别是党的十三届四中全会以来的辉煌成就和基本经验,又描绘了全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标,既论述了“三个代表”重要思想的要求,又部署了今后各方 相似文献
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目前对含大荔人化石的地层年代认识仍存很大争议。采用黄土—古土壤序列定年法广泛调查渭河盆地东北部区域和大荔人化石点附近洛河上下游河段过去的河湖环境演变历史;在此基础上,结合产出大荔人化石的地貌沉积体特征,分析其形成时所处的区域演化阶段及其中含化石的沉积层位堆积年代。结果显示,区域曾在S14、L9、L6、S2、L2和L1SS发育或堆积时期发生过数次古湖湖退或河流下切;含大荔人化石的沉积层是在区域发生于L6晚期的一次湖退后,洛河于出露至气下的古湖湖底上堆积而成的,其堆积时代与S5古土壤发育时代相当,平均年龄约0.55 Ma BP。由该研究结果推论,学界对北京猿人年龄估计的老的年龄框架可能偏年轻。 相似文献
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温带干旱地区近地层空气二氧化碳浓度的变化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选定我国温带干旱地区的四种植被类型:典型草原(内蒙古)、荒漠草原(宁夏)、榆树林(宁夏)和油松林(宁夏)为观测样地,观测研究了近地层空气CO2浓度的变化特征,结果表明:(1)干旱地区近地层空气CO2年平均浓度为323.49±21.36×10-6,是一种自然状态下的本底数据,其平衡受当地植被覆盖程度和种类控制.(2)近地层空气CO2浓度随植被类型不同存在差异,灌草丛生的榆树林最低297.92±15.56×10-6,裸露的荒漠草原最高331.82±19.17×10-6,植被的种类控制着地表面空气CO2浓度的大小,灌木杂草有利于吸收近地层空气的CO2,裸露的地表不利于CO2浓度的吸收和调节,植被在空气组成平衡过程中,起着"汇"的作用,尽管干旱地区植被稀少.(3)干旱地区近地层空气CO2浓度存在明显的季节变化,11月份浓度最高336.54±27.12×10-6,7月份最低305.05±15.45 × 10-6;呈"S"型曲线变化趋势,这种季节变化十分有利于调节地表空气CO2的浓度.(4)干旱地区近地层空气CO2浓度存在日变化,变化范围261.0×10-6~384.0×10-6,均值为323.5×10-6.一天中,平均CO2浓度最低时间在下午的16:00时,最高时间是在半夜0:00时.变化趋势呈"沟谷"状,两头高,中间低.(5)在人烟稀少的温带干旱地区,植被、土壤和气候相互作用,调节和控制差近地层空气CO2的浓度变化. 相似文献
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F. A. Dahlen 《Geophysical Journal International》1976,46(2):363-406
A general theory is developed which allows the exact numerical computation of the static equilibrium response of a non-rotating spherically symmetric Earth model covered by thin oceans with geometrically irregular coastlines to the action of an imposed static tidal or centrifugal potential. The theory is self-consistent, and takes into account the gravitational self-attraction of the oceans and the elastic-gravitational response of the Earth model to both the applied potential and the equilibrium oceanic tidal load on the surface. The results are used to determine the influence of an equilibrium pole tide on the free period and the associated rotational eigenfunction of the Chandler wobble. If the pole is globally well represented by this equilibrium approximation, its effect is to increase the Chandler wobble period by 27·6 days. It is shown that a fully self-consistent theory of the rotation of an Earth model with oceans predicts that changes in spin and wobble will be coupled, and that the Chandler wobble should, as a result, be accompanied by an associated periodic change in the length of day. The consequences of spin-wobble coupling are explored quantitatively, and found to be slight. 相似文献