Evolution and prospect of financial inclusion research in China from the perspective of financial geography北大核心CSCD

普惠金融对降低贫困和促进发展成果分享具有重要意义,是国际金融地理学的重要研究议题。论文基于2005—2021年中国知网CNKI数据库3421篇核心期刊论文,利用知识图谱可视化技术分析了中国普惠金融研究的基本特征和热点演化,结果表明:(1)学术成果经历缓慢增长、快速增长、加速增长3个阶段,研究热点经由金融排斥、普惠金融到数字普惠金融的演化,其中农村、区域差异、空间格局及发展效应是各阶段的共同关注;(2)国内普惠金融研究具有学科交叉性、包容性、开放性,多学科的参与推动着普惠金融研究的蓬勃发展,在学科交叉融合过程中,不同学科又有各自的关注点;(3)基于金融地理学视角,提出普惠金融发展的空间过程、地方普惠金融发展的文化经济因素与关系网络、普惠金融的发展效应、金融科技的空间性及其潜在影响等未来研究议题。     

Response of diatom community in Lugu Lake (Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau,China) to climate change over the past century

A mean annual temperature increase has been recorded on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau of China during the last century. This temperature increase has been significantly greater since the 1950s. Thus, paleolimnological analyses may be utilized to better understand ecological responses to recent changing climate over decadal to centennial timescales, especially in regions with sparse lake monitoring data. Here, we present paleolimnological results from a ²¹⁰Pb/¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment core spanning approximately the last ~250 years from a remote, alpine, semi-closed oligotrophic lake (Lugu Lake) on the northwestern Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. Sediment profiles of diatoms, geochemical variables (LOI₅₅₀, TOC and C/N) and median grain size were analyzed and compared with the climate data (1951 AD–2010 AD) from the Lijiang weather station. Endogenous productivity of Lugu Lake has increased gradually over the last 30 years. The majority of diatom taxa encountered in the core are typical of alkaline oligotrophic lakes. Diatom assemblages were dominated by Cyclostephanos dubius, Cyclotella taxa, and fragilarioid taxa. Diatom species composition has changed significantly with three assemblage shifts at different scales over the ~250-year period. Diatom species diversity reveals a distinct increase before ~1970 AD, followed by a decline. In addition, a decreasing trend in diatom cell-size was consistent with recent warming trends. Redundancy analysis (RDA) shows that regional air temperature trends (annual, spring, summer, and winter) have played a significant role (p < 0.05) in determining diatom compositional changes over the past six decades. Results of this study suggest that regional warming is the main driving force behind recent changes in diatom composition at Lugu Lake, while nutrients may also have impact on the diatom change in recent 10 years.     

The features of physical geography in the transitional region between Qinling Mountains and Huanghuai Plain

1IntroductionThe transitional region of physical geography is the transitional zone with unique characteristics formed by the interaction of the adjacent systems of physical geography, which have different properties. Study on the transitional region of physical geography is favorable for developing synthetic theories and methods in physical geography. It is one of the sensitive regions for studying global change, and it may provide scientific basis for exploiting natural resources, alleviatin…     

Effect of the environment in Antarctica on immune function and electroencephalogram

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａｏｎｉｍｍｕｎｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｅｎｃｅｐｈａｌｏｇｒａｍＹｕＹｏｎｇｚｈｏｎｇ（于永中）；ＷａｎｇＺｏｎｇｈｕｉ（王宗惠）；ＺｈａｎｇＷｅｎｃｈｅｎｇ（张文诚）...     

Strengthening integrated research of geography and accepting challenges of the new century—celebrating the 90th birthday of the Geographical Society of China

ThefoundingoftheChinaEarthScienceSociety(PredecessoroftheGeographicalSocietyofChina)in1909markedthegeographyinChinafromtheclassicalstagetothemodernstage.TheGeographicalSocietyofChinaisplayinganimportantroleinthedevelopmentofgeographyinChina.ThenewstageofthedevelopmentofgeographyhasbeenstartedinChinasincethe1950s.ItischaracterizedbytheestablishmentofinstitutesanddepartmentsofgeographyundertheChineseAcademyofSciencesandProvincialAcademies,attheuniversities,thegrowingupofnumerousyounggeog…     

Inter-hemispheric comparisons of geospace environment in the polar regions—A proposed cooperative research program between China and Norway

The Chinese Zhongshan Station in Antarctica and the stations in Svalbard (Auroral station at Longyearbyen and NP station at Ny lesund) are closely magnetic conjugate. All of them are equipped similar measurement instruments dealing with upper atmospheric physics. Therefore, there is a good reason to conduct a cooperative research program between China and Norway to do the inter hemispheric comparisons of geospace environment in the polar regions. It will make significant contribution to further understanding of the coupled magnetosphere ionsphere system. The scientific aims of the cooperative project are: to experimentally verify the modeled complicated conjugate relationship between Zhongshan Station in the Antarctic and Svalbard in the Arctic. To derive knowledge from the conjugate characteristics of auroral formations, ionospheric features and space plasma waves in the polar regions, which in turn will lead to better understanding of the solar wind magnetosphere ionosphere coupling processes. The proposed research contents, research methods and experimental techniques are discussed, and the manners of the cooperative research are suggested in the paper.     

Adaptive evolution of the rural human–environment system in farming and pastoral areas of northern China from 1952–2017

The theory on the cyclic adaptation between society and ecosystems sheds new light on the evolution and internal structure of human–environment systems. This paper introduces the risk index(RI) and adaptation capacity index(ACI) to evaluate the rural human–environment system. An evaluation index system for the adaptability of rural human–environment systems is configured in the context of climate change and policy implementation. On this basis, the stages, features, dominant control factors, and evolution mechanism were examined vis-à-vis the adaptability of the rural human–environment system in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner from 1952 to 2017. The main results are as follows:(1) The evolution of the rural human–environment system can be divided into three stages, namely, the reorganization and rapid development stage(1952–2002) with population, cultivated land, livestock and degraded grassland increasing by 260%, 13%, 134% and 16.33%, respectively. The rapid to stable development stage(2003–2010) with population increasing by 2.8%; cultivated land, livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.3%, 13.6% and 10.7%, respectively. The stable to release stage(2011–2017) with population, cultivated land, livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.6%, 0.2%, 10.6% and 3.8%, respectively.(2) With the passage of time, the ACI of the rural human–environment system first increased slightly(–0.016–0.031), followed by a slight decline(0.031–0.003), and culminating in a rapid increase(0.003–0.088). In terms of spatial patterns, adaptability is high in the middle, moderate in the north, and low in the south.(3) The evolution of adaptability in the rural human–environment system was mainly controlled by the per capita effective irrigation area(22.31%) and the per capita number of livestock(23.47%) from 1990 to 2000, the desertified area(25.06%) and the land use intensity(21.27%) from 2000 to 2005, and the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen(20.08%) and the per capita number of livestock(18.52%) from 2010 to 2007.(4) Under the effects of climate change and policy interventions, the cyclic adaptation of the rural human–environment system was propelled by the interactions between two kinds of subjects: farmers and herdsmen on the one hand and rural communities on the other hand. The interaction affects the adaptive behavior of the two kinds of subjects, which in turn drives the cyclic evolution of the system. As a result, the system structure and functions developed alternatively between coordinated and uncoordinated states. Small-scale adaptive behaviors of farmers and herdsmen have a profound impact on the evolution of the rural human–environment system.     

Evidence for temporally coherent increases in the abundance of small Discostella (Bacillariophyceae) species over the past 200 years among boreal lakes from the Experimental Lakes Area (Canada)

Journal of Paleolimnology - Increased relative abundances and accumulation rates of the small, centric diatom Discostella have been recorded in numerous paleolimnological investigations of north...     

Modeling the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and its impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China over 2000–2050

Land use and its dynamics have attracted considerable scientific attention for their significant ecological and socioeconomic implications. Many studies have investigated the past changes in land use, but efforts exploring the potential changes in land use and implications under future scenarios are still lacking. Here we simulate the future land use changes and their impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China (NEC) over the period of 2000–2050 using the CLUE–S (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model under the scenarios of ecological security (ESS), food security (FSS) and comprehensive development (CDS). The model was validated against remote sensing data in 2005. Overall, the accuracy of the CLUE–S model was evaluated at 82.5%. Obtained results show that future cropland changes mainly occur in the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain, forest and grassland changes are concentrated in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains and the western Changbai Mountains, while the Sanjiang Plain will witness major changes of the wetlands. Our results also show that even though CDS is defined based on the goals of the regional development plan, the ecological service value (ESV) under CDS is RMB 2656.18 billion in 2050. The ESV of CDS is lower compared with the other scenarios. Thus, CDS is not an optimum scenario for eco-environmental protection, especially for the wetlands, which should be given higher priority for future development. The issue of coordination is also critical in future development. The results can help to assist structural adjustments for agriculture and to guide policy interventions in NEC.     

1949—2019年中国自然地理学与生存环境应用研究进展

自然地理学是一门以基础研究见长的自然科学,其研究对象是与人类生存和发展密切相关的自然环境。中国的自然环境复杂多样,自然地理学家根据国家需求和区域发展在应用基础和应用研究方面同样取得显著成效,为国家重大经济建设、社会发展的规划,宏观生态系统与资源环境保护及区域可持续发展做出了重要贡献。本文总结了1949—2019年中国自然地理学在自然环境区域差异与自然区划、土地利用与覆被变化、自然灾害致灾因子和风险防控、荒漠化过程与防治、黄淮海中低产田改造、冻土区工程建设、地球化学元素异常和地方病防治、自然地理要素定位观测、地理空间分异性识别和地理探测器等方面的实践与应用,指出了未来自然地理学的应用研究方向。     

自然地理学学科体系与发展战略要点

自然地理学是地理科学的一门基础学科,同时也是生态学、环境科学等相关学科的科学基础。自然地理学重点研究地球表层自然环境的空间特征、演变过程及其地域分异规律,以及过去人—环境相互作用的发展过程。在社会经济和科学技术快速发展的新时期,自然地理学与综合地理学、人文地理学、信息地理学的联系更加密切和广泛。本文结合《中国学科及前沿领域发展战略研究（2021—2035）》地理科学的学科规划,分析自然地理学学科的形成过程,阐述综合自然地理学、部门自然地理学、人类生存环境学的分支学科体系,提出自然地理学及其分支学科的学科发展战略布局、优先领域发展目标和重点方向。     

Disciplinary structure and development strategy of physical geography in China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Physical geography, one of the branches of geography, is the basic discipline of geographic science. And it is the scientific foundation of ecology, environmental...     

Integrated studies of physical geography in China: Review and prospects

Modern physical geography in China grew from Chinese traditional geography and has been profoundly influenced by the geographical disciplines of Euro-America and Russia. Since the 1950s, integrated studies of physical geography in China have made remarkable progress in the fields of comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, land studies, landscape ecology, and land surface geographical processes. During the past few decades, under the background of global change and rapid socio-economic transformation, a series of environmental and resources problems have boomed in China. To solve these problems and promote the development of integrated studies of physical geography, the following issues were proposed as research priorities: (1) coupling of land surface patterns and processes; (2) integrated research on regional responses and adaptation to global change; (3) analysis of human dimensions of the earth system; (4) ecosystem service research from a geographical perspective; (5) integration of multi-source data and model development; (6) integrated studies on unique geographical units; and (7) important global issues and relevant international programs.     

20世纪50年代以来中国综合自然地理研究进展

回顾和评述了50年来具有中国特色的综合自然地理学的研究进展。认为今后在方法论上,需进一步强调以自下而上方法为主,以自上而下方法为辅,把所研究的部分置于整个系统之中;从研究方法和技术手段看,系统分析和综合集成的方法将得到更加广泛的应用;在研究方向方面,综合自然区划的研究正向着综合区划的方向发展。现代自然地理过程的研究将会朝微观深化和宏观综合两个方向发展,关键在于地理系统中界面过程的综合研究和实现物理、化学、生物过程的综合研究。区域自然地理研究仍是综合格局和过程,进行基础研究和应用研究的操作平台。应不断加强与人文地理学的密切结合,实现更高层次的综合研究。     

70年来中国风沙地貌学的发展

风是除流水之外塑造地球景观的第二大流体,以其为外营力形成的风沙地貌在全球干旱区广泛分布,超过40%的全球陆地面积受风沙地貌过程的影响,与人类生存环境存在着密切的关系,19世纪末以来受到国际学术界的持续关注。中国干旱半干旱地区广泛发育风沙地貌,但风沙地貌研究比国际研究晚半个多世纪,始于20世纪50年代后期。本文总结了新中国成立70年来中国风沙地貌学发展的3个阶段：初创阶段（1949—1977年）、充实发展阶段（1978—1999年）和国际化研究阶段（2000年至今）。现在中国风沙地貌研究的水平整体与国际并行,部分领先。中国具有重要国际影响力的风沙地貌研究工作包括沙丘移动规律、风沙地貌区域综合研究、中国独特风沙地貌发育演变过程、戈壁地貌学研究、沙丘二次流以及地外星球的探索研究。中国风沙地貌学研究有在未来领跑国际研究的潜势,但风沙地貌学家必需有4个方面的战略思考,即综合集成、地球系统科学引领、全球视野和深空时代的发展。     

演化经济地理视角下的经济复杂度与区域经济发展研究进展

经济复杂度是近年来演化经济地理学的重要议题之一,其关注产业结构转型和内生增长路径,有助于理解区域经济结构转型过程,对经济地理学、发展经济学等理论深化具有重要作用。论文介绍了经济复杂度的理论背景,梳理了演化经济地理视角下经济复杂度的内涵、概念及理论框架,在此基础上回顾了经济复杂度的主流测度方法,并基于产业多样化与产品空间理论探究了经济复杂度与区域经济发展的作用机制,进而回顾了经济复杂度对区域经济增长、区域收入差异和创新等方面的实证研究进展,发现绝大多数文献证明了经济复杂度对区域经济发展的积极作用。区域可以从提升产品空间密度的思路出发,通过提升产业生产和创新能力促进区域经济复杂度提升。中国经济复杂度高于相同收入水平的其他国家,发展路径具有一定特殊性,这为经济复杂度理论研究提供了案例,且在实践中具有较强的政策含义。     

从图书出版透视近100年来中国人文地理学发展脉络

本文基于1912-2015年的中国人文地理学出版图书,分析中国人文地理学发展的一些基本脉络,发现：①根据出版总量可划分为1912-1940、1941-1980、1981-2015年3个时期,其中第二个时期著作出版极少;②从出版结构变化来看,在研究期内出版的图书中以政治地理学最为稳定,其他领域均存在明显的波动;③出版的著作具有明显的“基础先行、社会影响、应用助推”阶段性特征;④1981年以来,各分支领域出版的图书平衡增长,其中以历史人文地理、文化地理、旅游地理、GIS在人文地理学中的应用方面增长迅速并与其它学科交叉形成了系列新兴领域,但民族和边疆领域略显弱势;⑤当前中国人文地理学图书出版存在一些结构失衡。基于以上脉络文章讨论了中国人文地理学与科学和社会的关联,认为：①中国人文地理学体现了地理学的跨学科特征,不同分支领域具有与自然科学、社会科学、哲学人文学科不同的交叉倾向,与这些学科交叉形成的新兴领域有望在未来进一步提升中国人文地理学对科学的贡献;②中国人文地理学的发展一直受社会因素的影响,应用研究倾向明显,由此也导致部分领域被弱化及分支领域内研究主题失衡的问题,未来研究在注重社会贡献的同时也当考虑学科内领域间的平衡。     

中国城市地理学研究进展与展望

城市地理学是研究在不同地理环境下,城市形成发展、组合分布和空间结构变化规律的科学,既是人文地理学的重要分支,又是城市科学群的重要组成部分。中国城市化的加速发展为中国城市地理学乃至世界城市地理学的发展提供了直接的营养。回顾过去几年中国城市地理学的发展,归纳起来呈现如下几方面的特点：中国城市地理学研究与国家经济建设的热点总体同步;在城市化、城市群／圈等领域积极参与国家战略和城市建设实践;强调定量和计量手段的科学研究悄然成为潮流;积极开辟和强化中国城市地理学研究的新基地、新力量;以更开放、更创新的视野,积极开创前沿性、战略性的新研究领域;推出年青人等计划初现成效。与国外相比,中国城市地理学在城市化和城市体系研究方面已形成自己的独特理论,并具有高度的实践性,中国城市地理学更好地实现了从知识生产到知识应用、反馈、知识再生产的良性循环。展望城市地理学的学科发展趋势,中国城市地理学在城市化加速的今天,认识城市、改造城市的道路仍任重而道远。为此我们一方面需要面向城市化背景,进行中国城市地理学理论和实践的战略思考,缩短中国城市地理学与主流的城市地理学的距离,通过大人文与大科学交融进行城市地理学方法论的建立和完善、国际视野和地方行动;另一方面需要面向国家“十二五”等近期发展目标和重点,积极的设计和执行中国城市地理学近期行动计划。     

两千年来中国自然与人文地理环境变迁及启示

科学理解中国自然与人文地理环境变迁的历史逻辑、基本规律和发展趋势,有助于找准历史方位,确立国土空间开发保护格局优化方向,推进“美丽中国”建设与经济社会可持续发展。本文集成现有研究成果,梳理了两千年来中国自然与人文地理环境变迁过程,总结了主要要素的变迁特点,探讨了这些历史变迁对“美丽中国”建设的启示。研究表明,两千年来中国自然地理环境变化主要表现为气候的多尺度准周期波动、黄土高原破碎化、北方地区沙漠化土地扩张、河口三角洲海岸在泥沙沉积作用下逐步外移、黄河和长江中下游湖泊萎缩、森林和温带草原面积下降。人文地理环境变迁突出表现在人口增长和格局变化、经济中心向东南迁移、耕地向外围扩张、交通网络由道路网和运河网向立体化综合交通网转变。依据上述变化的历史逻辑,未来基本自然地理格局和地理界线仍将长期存在,长江和黄河中下游星罗棋布的湖泊水系已难再现,南粮北运成为历史,但森林覆盖率仍有较大提升空间,交通网络建设仍需进一步推进,同时还要加强沿海城市应对气候变化威胁的防控体系建设。