中强地震前电磁扰动异常信息量S的分析

通过对2006年山东省地震电磁扰动监测台网的电磁扰动异常资料的分析,定义了地震电磁扰动异常信息量S,并用来定量研究异常信息的特征.结果表明,S值大小可能与地震的震级有关,并且反映了区域应力场的活动强度和研究区f域的地震活动.最后从物理机制和震例两个方面对S作了进一步论述.     

2013年芦山MS7.0地震前南北地震带数字化水位、 水温高频信息异常特征及效能分析

数字化观测资料中含有丰富的高频异常信息, 这些高频信息中可能隐含着与地震有关的异常信号。 引入概率密度分布法对2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震发生前南北地震带水位、 水温分钟值观测数据高频成分进行分析, 结果表明, 芦山M_S7.0地震前南北地震带共有17个测点、 19组数据出现高频异常信息, 其中水位5组、 水温14组, 高频异常多集中在四川南部构造带, 且随着时间进程发展, 异常幅值逐渐减小且异常出现向震中区迁移的特征。 通过应用Molchan图表法对提取的高频信息进行统计检验, 结果显示, 概率密度分布法提取的高频异常对地震具有较好的预测效果。 通过对震源区及附近区域大地构造演化、 前兆异常发展及地壳运动速度场等特征分析, 结果发现, 计算得到的地下流体高频异常空间分布特征与南北地震带地壳运动场具有很好的一致性, 表明利用概率密度分布法提取的高频异常与区域构造活动存在一定相关性, 同时也为前人关于对异常形成机理的研究提供了旁证。     

基于因子分析的地震综合指数在辽宁地区地震预测中的应用

将辽宁地区按照地震活动特点划分为辽北、辽南、辽西三个主要区域,应用因子分析的方法,选取地震活动性参量中的11个参量(地震频次N、b值、η值、A(b)值、Mf值、Ac值、C值、D值、Rm值、能量E、响应比),进行数据的综合和再次挖掘,得到包含地震时、空、强及地下介质信息的综合指数。综合指数Wfa中涵盖了众多参量中80~90%的信息,并有效规避了各参量在地震预测中的不一致性。结果显示,在研究区域影响范围内发生较大地震前的1~2年时间内,综合指数Wfa都有明显的异常变化,说明综合指数可以较好反映地震活动异常特征。     

地下水动态多尺度地震预测技术初探

针对华北地区40多年的地下水动态资料,分别依据从月均值、日值、分钟值等不同尺度资料中提取的具有可重复的代表不同时间特征的异常信息,进行多级地震预测研究.研究结果表明,华北中强地震之前区域地下水存在10年准周期特征,周期的上升和高值段可作为长趋势异常变化,在上升(或高值)趋势变化背景上存在3年左右的中短期下降异常变化,在...     

昆仑-巴颜喀拉块体强震前后地震活动性综合参量变化特征

以2001年以来2次8级地震和2010年4月青海玉树M7.2地震为例,分析了Rt值在强震前后随时间和空间异常变化特征,同时对综合参量的预测效能进行了检验.结果表明:在强震前Rt值大都出现明显的异常降低过程.在地震综合参数异常和强震关系的研究中,利用地质构造块体约束研究的区域,可以较为清晰地看到强震前后地震活动性异常特征...     

利用概率密度分布提取地下流体数字化观测资料中的高频异常信息以2014年鲁甸6.5级地震为例

中国地震地下流体观测经过数字化改造以后, 观测资料的采样频率显著提高。 流体观测资料中的高频数据含有丰富构造信息, 为我们捕捉地震孕育及发生过程中的前兆异常信息提供了有利条件。 但是, 高频信息的出现激发了对数据分析方法改变的需求, 如何研发与数字化高频观测资料相匹配的数据处理和异常识别方法, 从高频观测数据中挖掘潜在的前兆异常信息, 成为目前地震地下研究者首要需解决的关键问题。 应用概率密度分布法对2014年鲁甸6.5级地震前南北地震带174组水位、 水温分钟值高频观测数据进行分析, 结果显示: 鲁甸6.5级地震前共有10个水位测点和7个水温测点出现高频信息异常, 异常多集中在滇西南构造带的滇中次级块体两侧, 且随着时间推移, 有向震中区逼近的变化特征。 通过对震源区及附近地区地壳结构、 构造应力作用及更大范围的区域动力演化特征进行分析, 发现异常信息的空间分布特征与川滇地区地壳运动场具有很好的一致性, 说明概率密度分布可有效反映出区域构造应力作用, 同时也验证了利用概率密度分布在流体观测数据的高频信息异常提取方面具有一定可靠性。     

邹城地区矿震、爆破和(天然)地震事件的特征分析

采用FSS-3DBH型井下地震计,测量山东省邹城市区域发生的矿震、爆破和天然地震相关事件信息,通过波形分析与波谱分析,对比研究不同类型地震事件特征.结果表明,该区域发生的矿震、爆破和天然地震的波形、幅值及频率等特征指标存在明显差异.通过实时监测该区域地震事件和进行相关的特征分析,可以为研究区域地震的基本规律提供客观数据和科学依据.     

五里营氦气受水位影响分析

延庆地震台五里营井逸出氦气受该井动水位异常变化影响,每日数据扰动大,影响原来的日变形态.对仪器的集气装置进行改造,把地面集气改为水下集气.既解决氦气受水位异常变化的影响问题,减小观测环境变化对氦气观测的影响,提高观测质量,对今后可能记录的地震前兆信息提供保障,对其他有此测项的台站有一定借鉴意义.     

综合分析方法在中强地震前后电离层TEC异常分析中的应用

近年来,作者们经过长期的分析研究后发现,采用迭代法分析电离层数据时获取的电离层TEC异常与中强地震发生具有较好的空间对应关系,并根据总结的异常特征在地震中长期监测预报方面取得了一定的进展。本文在迭代法分析预报确定异常区域的基础上,采用滑动四分位法对预测区域发生的中强地震前后短时间序列内的电离层TEC数据进行分析,剔除干扰因素后找到较为明显的电离层TEC变化异常。综合利用两种分析方法判断中强地震前后电离层TEC异常,从而为地震前兆研究提供一个新的思路。     

浙江北部及邻区震磁对应关系跟踪研究

用曾小苹等提供的地磁空间相关分析方法对杭州、崇明、佘山、溧阳4个地磁观测点7年的每日21时Z分量绝对观测值进行回归系数B、相关系数R、剩余标准差S的计算。研究其与该区域中小地震的相关关系,结果表明:三个参量中以相关系数R值更能反映出震磁前兆异常信息;MS≥50地震前存在突发性短期异常,异常持续时间1～3个月不等。异常后在恢复过程中或1～7个月中内有可能发震;利用该方法对该区域综合分析,该研究区范围内半年左右有可能发生5～6级地震或外围如台湾附近区域半年左右的时间有可能发生6～7级强震。     

福建沿海、台湾海峡GPS观测分析及地球动力学特征研究

利用 3期GPS联测结果所获得的福建沿海地壳水平运动信息 ,采用ITRF94全球框架为基础的GPS测站地壳运动模型及其处理软件 ,对所获得的观测数据进行处理和精度分析。得到福建省高精度的GPS测站大地坐标、边长及其位移矢量 ,其精度达到 1 7×10 - 8。计算了福建地壳运动速率、主应变率 ,东西与南北向线应变率、面应变率、剪应变率、大地转动率和最大剪应变率等值线并给出了它们的分布图象。根据多年形变和现今GPS观测资料 ,分析福建地壳垂直运动与水平运动 ,显示区域应力场优势分布特征。最后 ,对福建沿海及台湾海峡地壳动力学特征作了初步的探讨     

Relationship of the Magnetic-Field Strength and the Brightness of the Sunspot Umbra and the Center of a Facular Knot

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Two main features define a sunspot as an object: a strong magnetic field and a low umbra temperature. The same can be said about a facular knot, in the center of which...     

Some space gravity formulas and the dimensions and the mass of the Earth

Summary Adopting thePizzetti-Somigliana method and using elliptic integrals we have obtained closed formulas for the space gravity field in which one of the equipotential surfaces is a triaxial ellipsoid. The same formulas are also obtained in first approximation of the equatorial flattening avoiding the use of the elliptic integrals. Using data from satellites and Earth gravity data the gravitational and geometric bulge of the Earth's equator are computed. On the basis of these results and on the basis of recent gravity data taken around the equator between the longitudes 50° to 100° E, 155° to 180° E, and 145° to 180° W, we question the advantage of using a triaxial gravity formula and a triaxial ellipsoid in geodesy. Closed formulas for the space field in which a biaxial ellipsoid is an equipotential surface are also derived in polar coordinates and its parameters are specialized to give the international gravity formula values on the international ellipsoid. The possibility to compute the Earth's dimensions from the present Earth gravity data is the discussed and the value ofMG=(3.98603×10²⁰ cm³ sec^–2) (M mass of the Earth,G gravitational constant) is computed. The agreement of this value with others computed from the mean distance Earth-Moon is discussed. The Legendre polinomials series expansion of the gravitational potential is also added. In this series the coefficients of the polinomials are closed formulas in terms of the flattening andMG.Publication Number 327, and Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica of Università di Trieste.     

Theory of the evolution of the earth and the earth's crust

Summary The paleomagnetic field (declination and inclination) in different geological epochs is represented through the field of the so-called magnetic dipole. The optimal dipole coordinates so obtained show that during older geological times the optimal dipole lay outside the earth's centre and moved towards and around the earth centre. It is supposed that the optimal dipole trajectory in the earth coincides with earth core trajectory. This core motion brought about a motion of the masses of the mantle in a direction opposite to the motion of the core. This in turn brought about the break-down of Pangea and the separation of the continents. The drift of the continents, the relative changing of the earth's rotational axis and many other geological and geophysical phenomena may be explained through such a motion, that is through the motion of an eccentrical core towards the earth centre.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

地震社会心理初探与政府的疏导防治对策

针对我国当前较具典型的几种地震社会心理，指出职能部门疏导、防治的工作重点，并从顺应国情、民情及国家经济体制改革的方向出发，提出相应的对策建议。     

太行山与燕山交汇部位的地壳厚度与泊松比分布特征

本文搜集了2001—2013年间在太行山与燕山构造带交汇部位先后布设的4个宽频带流动地震台阵和首都圈固定地震台网共192个台站记录到的全球5.5级以上远震事件波形资料,综合采用接收函数H-κ和CCP叠加分析获得了134个基岩台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比结果.综合分析与前人研究相吻合但更加精细的地壳约束分布信息,发现研究区域的地壳厚度和泊松比在整体上呈现出从西北到东南方向渐变的特征,在南北重力梯度带两侧及其附近呈现出明显的小尺度地壳结构和物质组分的差异,且可明显区分出太行山地区和燕山构造带及盆山交界处的地壳厚度与泊松比的相对差异,这可能反映了这些地区在华北克拉通的构造演化过程中所经历的不同地壳改造过程.     

Correlation of the Radial and Meridional Components of IMF and the Solar Wind Velocity: Dependence on the Time and the Fluctuation Frequency

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The behavior of the correlation between the radial BR and normal BN components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the dependence on the time, the flow type of...     

Models for the origin and composition of the earth,and the hypothesis of potassium in the Earth's core

Progress in understanding the condensation of planetary constituents from a solar nebula necessitates a re-examination of models for the origin and composition of the Earth. All models which appear to be viable require the Earth to have an Fe–FeS core and the full, or nearly full, solar (i.e. chondritic) K/Si ratio. The crust and upper mantle do not contain the requisite potassium for the entire Earth to have the solar K/Si ratio. Therefore, these models require that much of the Earth's potassium, about 80–90%, must be in the deep interior—in the lower mantle or in the core.The hypothesis that a substantial fraction of the Earth's potassium is in the Fe–FeS core is based on the chalcophilic behavior of potassium. Data including the stability of K₂S, the occurrence of potassium in sulfide phases in meteorites and in metallurgical systems, and most importantly, experiments on potassium partitioning between solid silicates and Fe–FeS melts support this hypothesis. The present data appear to require at least several percent of the Earth's total potassium to be in the core. Incorporation of much larger amounts of potassium into the core, possibly most of the 80–90% of the Earth's potassium which is postulated to be in the deep interior, is not contradicted by the present data. Additional experimental data, at high pressures, are required before quantitative estimates of the core's potassium content can be made.It is likely that⁴⁰K is a significant heat source in the core. Decay of⁴⁰K is a plausible energy source to drive core convection to maintain the geomagnetic field, and to drive mantle convection and seafloor spreading.     

美国地质、地球物理和海洋学家的现状调研

1　工作特点美国的地质学、地球物理学和海洋学家们利用他们所掌握的科学知识 (地球物理、地质和历史等方面的知识 )来确定水资源、矿产资源和能源等的状况 ,围绕如何保护环境 ,预测未来地质灾害 ,利用土地资源等问题开展工作。他们利用先进的仪器对地球和水资源进行分析研究。地质学家 ,同时也包括地球物理学家们研究地球的过去、现在和未来。例如他们研究地球运动 ,试图预报地震与火山会在何时何地发生 ,以及它们对周围地区的影响。虽然地质学、地球物理学、海洋学领域密切相关 ,但也有很大的不同。地质学家研究地球的构成、过程和历史。…