农牧交错区生态环境质量遥感动态监测——以宁夏盐池为例

以26 a（1989-2015年）4期Landsat TM/OLI遥感数据为基础,提取不同年份的湿度指数、植被指数、地表温度以及土壤指数,利用主成分分析法,构建盐池县4个时期遥感生态指数（RSEI）和生态环境质量综合指数（ESI）,对其生态环境质量进行了评价,探讨区域生态环境的时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）湿度、绿度对区域生态环境质量起正面作用,而热度和干度则起负面作用,其中代表绿度指标的植被覆盖度（NDVI）对生态指数的贡献最大。（2）1989-2015年间,4个年份RSEI均值分别为0.41、0.54、0.51、0.57,生态环境质量呈上升-下降-上升且整体变好的特征。26 a间研究区生态环境明显转好的面积约占全县面积的20.01%,而生态环境质量中明显变差的面积仅占全县面积的1.64%。改善区域主要分布在研究区北部的盐池县城-高沙窝镇-王乐井乡以及惠安堡镇以南-麻黄山地区,中部的冯记沟乡生态环境质量有所变差。（3）盐池县生态环境质量受气候影响明显,退耕还林还草、草地禁牧以及禁止乱砍乱伐等措施对生态环境质量的提升起到了重要的促进作用。     

住房价格与城市发展质量耦合协调度分析——以南京都市圈、苏锡常都市圈、徐州都市圈为例

以南京都市圈、苏锡常都市圈和徐州都市圈为例,从城市与区县两个尺度,研究住房价格、城市发展质量及其耦合协调度的空间格局及区域差异。结果表明:(1)3个都市圈的耦合协调度与区域差异均呈现城市尺度大于区县尺度的特征。(2)住房价格与城市发展质量空间分布格局具有相对一致性,“组团式”格局明显,南京都市圈的区域差异均最大。(3)3个都市圈耦合协调度水平整体不高,处于中级及以下协调水平,且分布呈空间依赖性;住房价格与城市系统及其经济、社会、文化、生态4个子系统发展质量的耦合协调度由大到小依次为苏锡常都市圈、南京都市圈、徐州都市圈,且耦合协调度区域差异既表现出共振性又表现出尺度敏感性。(4)根据协调状态及主导低耦合失调的原因,将城市划分为6种类型,区县划分为8种类型。     

拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空动态监测及驱动力分析

拉萨城市圈是西藏自治区生态环境与城镇化作用突出的区域,近年来已经出现草场退化、土壤沙化等生态环境问题,对该区域生态质量状况的监测迫在眉睫,但目前又缺少对该区域精细尺度的生态质量状况研究。鉴于此,论文利用Google Earth Engine遥感大数据平台的并行计算优势,基于Landsat TM/ETM+卫星影像,通过遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index,RSEI)方法监测了拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空变化,深入分析了生态质量变化的气候驱动因子和土地利用转移因子,探索了气候综合驱动的时空分布特征及其变化。结果表明：(1)在1994—2017年期间,拉萨城市圈的生态质量良好,在空间上呈现自西南向东北逐渐降低趋势,生态质量整体有改善趋势,改善比重为45.98%;(2)热度是RSEI的内部主控因素,对RSEI产生负向影响,体现了气候变暖对研究区生态质量的抑制作用;(3)蒸汽压亏缺、气候水分亏缺是生态质量变化的主要气候驱动因子,草地向其他用地的转移是主要的土地利用驱动因子;(4)气候综合驱动在研究期间整体有减弱趋势,分布格局自西南向东北逐渐...     

厦门市同安区生态安全格局构建

以厦门市同安区为例,运用遥感生态指数开展生态质量评价,并基于多期数据判断生态质量稳定性,识别生态源地;选取土地覆被、植被覆盖、地形坡度和距水域距离等因子构建生态阻力基面,并采用夜间灯光数据修正人类活动对生态阻力值的影响;进而运用最小累积阻力模型构建生态阻力面,识别生态缓冲区、廊道和节点,构建城市生态安全格局。研究表明：1）2006、2010和2015年同安区RSEI指数分别为0.577 3、0.664 8和0.632 9,生态质量均处于良等,但在2006—2015年间出现先上升后略微下降的变化。2）同安区生态安全格局由生态源地高、中、低3级缓冲区,44条源间廊道和20个生态节点组成。其中,生态源地总面积为293.19 km2,占全区总面积的44.12%。高、中、低3级缓冲区面积分别为478.81、99.52和83.36 km2,分别占全区面积的72.36%、15.04%和12.60%。3）提出以生态安全格局为基础构建“生态安全屏障—廊道—基质”的生态保护框架,为城镇开发提供参考。基于遥感生态指数综合识别的生态源地,具有高生态系统服务价值和高生态敏感性,分布与重要生态功能区基本一致,可为生态安全格局源地识别方法提供参考。     

基于遥感生态指数的吐哈地区生态环境变化研究

以吐鲁番市和哈密市（简称吐哈地区）为研究对象,基于MODIS多光谱传感器2000、2006、2012年和2018年的遥感数据,采用4个表征湿度、干度、热度和绿度的指数,建立和绘制吐哈地区多个时期的遥感生态指数（Remote sensing ecology index,RSEI）,并对该地区的生态环境质量及土地利用转换情况进行了定量分析。结果表明：近20 a来,吐哈地区的绿度指数平均增加0.0244,热度指数平均降低0.0241,而湿度和干度指数整体的变化接近于0;其中,热度指数与RSEI具有负相关性。总体而言,2000—2018年吐哈地区的生态环境质量表现为略微下降的趋势;其中,吐鲁番市的鄯善县RSEI变化幅度最大,环境质量表征数据在区域下降幅度中排列首位,哈密市的巴里坤哈萨克自治县环境质量减少的幅度最小。近20 a来,吐哈地区的草地面积有明显增加,但需控制草地开垦及过度放牧,防止区域生态环境恶化。     

Identifying the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area based on a spatial field energy model

The cultivation and development of modern metropolitan areas with the aim of establishing new regional centers with competitive edge is a key objective for the new-type urbanization directions in China. The construction of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area is of great significance for the promotion of the South Asia Channel, the ‘Belt and Road' initiative, the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, the Himalaya Economic Cooperation Zone, and for rapid development and long-term stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper examines the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area including Chengguanqu(Chengguan District), Doilungdeqen, Dagze, Lhunzhub, Damxung, Nyemo, Quxu, Maizhokunggar, Samzhubze Qu(Samzhubze District), Gyangze, Rinbung, Bainang, Nedong, Gonggar, and Zhanang using a spatial field energy model that combines nodality and accessibility indices and considers multiple indicators including traffic flow between cities. By combining factors such as the natural background, population agglomeration, the social economy, infrastructure construction, and the urban spatial structure of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area, it is proposed to build a bow-and-arrow-shaped urban system with ‘one core, two centers, one axis, and two wings' along the valleys and the transportation trunk lines of the area. The study advocates the construction of a pure land industrial system comprising a green cultural and tourism-oriented plateau.     

海岛型城市扩展的生态效应分析——以厦门岛为例

利用Landsat卫星影像,采用新型遥感生态指数(RSEI)对海岛型城市厦门在不同时期的生态变化进行研究,以期揭示城市的快速发展对城市生态质量的影响。研究结果表明,1993~2009年,厦门岛的城市建筑用地虽经过大幅扩张,但并没有造成生态质量的大幅下滑,其RSEI生态指数值仅略为下降。分析表明,这主要是得益于厦门城市发展的科学规划。但是厦门岛西北部的生态较差,是今后进一步改善生态的重点地区。     

哈大齐工业走廊土地利用变化的生态环境效应

基于哈大齐工业走廊1990年、2000年、2005年3期TM影像,获取15年来不同时段的土地利用变化信息。利用景观格局指数和生态环境质量指数两种生态环境效应评价指数,定量对比分析七个市县土地利用变化带来的生态环境效应。结果表明:①15年来,哈大齐工业走廊耕地、建设用地增加,草地、水域、未利用地减少。②整体生态环境恶化,区域差异显著;空间格局呈中心城区高周边农牧区低;大庆、杜蒙、泰来因草地、湿地“三化”等原因,破碎化加剧、多样性锐减、环境质量恶化最为显著,建议加强生态保护。③两种评价指数从不同角度反映出相似的区域差异特征。两方法结合分析实现更为客观全面的评价效果,以期为区域综合定量评价提供方法借鉴。     

The eco-environmental guarantee for China’s urbanization process

Studying the change of resources consumption and eco-environmental carrying capacity are of importance to the sustainable development of urbanization. Based on the China’s economic and social statistical data from 1950 to 2006, the ecological footprint, ecological footprint intensity, ecological deficit and surplus, and eco-environment quality comprehensive index are calculated, the correlation between urbanization and eco-environmental change is analyzed and the eco-environmental guarantee for China’s urbanization in 2030 is forecasted. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) there is a positive linear relation between urbanization and ecological footprint, negative linear relation between urbanization and ecological footprint intensity, ecological deficit and surplus and the negative exponential relation between urbanization and eco-environment quality comprehensive index. (2) By 2030, the urbanization level will reach 61.32%, the ecological deficit will increase to 42.2866×108 hm2 and the eco-environment quality comprehensive index will drop to 0.3016 on the condition that the total quantity ecological footprint achieves 55.9348×108 hm2. (3) Under the existing urban development pattern, the ecological overload will be more serious in the next 24 years. Constructing the reasonable industrial structure and establishing the intensive resources utilization system to alleviate the eco-environmental pressure are the tough challenges in China’s urbanization process.     

中国城市化进程中的生态环境保障程度

Studying the change of resources consumption and eco-environmental carrying capacity are of importance to the sustainable development of urbanization. Based on the China’s economic and social statistical data from 1950 to 2006, the ecological footprint, ecological footprint intensity, ecological deficit and surplus, and eco-environment quality comprehensive index are calculated, the correlation between urbanization and eco-environmental change is analyzed and the eco-environmental guarantee for China’s urbanization in 2030 is forecasted. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) there is a positive linear relation between urbanization and ecological footprint, negative linear relation between urbanization and ecological footprint intensity, ecological deficit and surplus and the negative exponential relation between urbanization and eco-environment quality comprehensive index. (2) By 2030, the urbanization level will reach 61.32%, the ecological deficit will increase to 42.2866×10⁸ hm² and the eco-environment quality comprehensive index will drop to 0.3016 on the condition that the total quantity ecological footprint achieves 55.9348×10⁸ hm². (3) Under the existing urban development pattern, the ecological overload will be more serious in the next 24 years. Constructing the reasonable industrial structure and establishing the intensive resources utilization system to alleviate the eco-environmental pressure are the tough challenges in China’s urbanization process. Foundation: Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-YW-307-02; No.KZCX2-YW-321-05; Major Project of 11th Five-year Scientific and Technological Support Plan of China, No.2006BAJ05A06 Author: Fang Chuanglin(1966–), Ph.D. and Professor, specialized in regional and urban planning.