A METHOD FOR MEASURING THE SPATIAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POINT PATTERNS

Evaluations of a variety of types are increasingly being incorporated into the process of public policy formulation. A conventional role of evaluation has been to assess expected or actual consequences of policy strategies relative to policy objectives. This paper describes an additional type of evaluation in which policy objectives are assessed relative to perceived resource use policy problems. This type of evaluation is applicable to a wide range of policy issues at various scales.     

关于水资源规划中水资源量与生态用水量的探讨

由于人们对水资源量计算过程了解不够，常导致水资源量配置计算出现概念上错误，特别是现代水资源规划考虑生态用水的需要，在对待水资源量与生态用水量的关系上存在错误认识。本文从水资源量的一般概念分析出发，从确切的水资源量计算与分析上说明水资源量的组成、转化关系以及生态用水的概念及计算方法，并强调介绍水资源配置中如何考虑生态用水问题。为全国新一轮水资源综合规划工作提供支持。     

三角洲感潮河段洪潮水位频率分析方法的初步研究

根据珠江三角洲感潮河段年最高洪潮水位存在长期上升趋势的事实，提出了河口区感潮河段洪潮水位频率分析一种新的计算方法，新方法的分析结果表明，未来不同年代同频率的设计洪潮水位各不相同，也存在相应的长期变化趋势。以灯笼山站为例，新方法计算的2030年和2050年的百年一遇设计洪潮水位分别为3.12m和3.28m，比传统频率分析方法计算的结果分别高出0.24m和0.40m。建立有关部门在制定河口区的防洪标准时，根据洪潮水位的长期变化趋势作相应的动态调整，以适应河口区洪潮水位变化的实际情况。     

RESPONSE OF A TEMPERATE ALPINE VALLEY GLACIER TO CLIMATE CHANGE AT THE DECADAL SCALE

Glacier advance and recession are considered key indicators of climate change. Understanding the relationship between climatic variations and glacial responses is crucial. Here, we apply archival digital photogrammetry to reconstruct the decadal scale glacial history of an unmonitored Alpine valley glacier, the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, and we use the data generated to explore the linkages between glacier recession and climate forcing. High precision digital elevation models were derived. They show continual recession of the glacier since 1967, associated with long‐term climatic amelioration but only a weak reaction to shorter‐term climatic deterioration. Glacier surface velocity estimates obtained using surface particle tracking showed that, unlike for most Swiss glaciers during the late 1970s and early 1980s, ice mass flux from the accumulation zone was too low to compensate for the effects of glacier thinning and subsequent snout recession, especially during the rapid warming that occurred through the 1980s. The results emphasise the dangers of inferring glacier response to climate forcing from measurements of the terminus position only and the importance of using remote sensing methods as an alternative, especially where historical imagery is available.     

北极加拿大海盆2003年和2008年上层海洋热含量的差异分析

主要利用2003年和2008年两次夏季北极科学考察的CTD数据处理了加拿大海盆上层海洋的热含量(这里上层海洋指的是200m以上的海洋),定量分析了热含量随深度的变化,并比较分析了这两年在夏季海冰融化期间热含量的垂向差异变化,以及影响热含量变化的因素,给出了上层海洋热含量在加拿大海盆的空间分布。2008年与2003年相比最显著的变化是在加拿大海盆开阔水域的增加,这将导致太阳辐射能进入海洋中的能量增加,同时海冰的大量融化带来了大量淡水,这些变化改变了上层海洋的温盐性质。海冰大量融化主要产生两个效应：一是上层海洋的普遍增暖,二是太平洋入流水体的下移。文中还分析了近年来在加拿大海盆中变化显著的次表层暖水现象,由于次表层暖水蕴含着不小的热含量,其在上层海洋热量平衡中的作用不容忽视。     

振兴阿拉伯的五大调水工程

介绍了旨在彻底解决阿拉伯世界缺水问题的五大工程构想,并从国际关系的角度探讨了这些工程的可行性,尤其是的这此工程与阿以和谈、解除对伊制裁等世人瞩目的国际热点问题联系起来探讨,干旱缺水乃是阿拉伯国家的自然条件中最大的不利因素,文中介绍的这些调水构想实际上构成了阿拉伯民族走向繁荣昌盛的一个总体规划。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地下水质的应用评价

长期利用高矿化度地下水灌溉造成沙质土壤的次生盐渍化是塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地建立人工生态系统的主导限制因素之一。据１９９２年与１９９４年在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地满参与中三点２年的试验研究结果认为：在灌溉水的适宜应用条件下，利用矿化度为４ｇ／Ｌ～５ｇ／Ｌ的地下水灌溉种植瓜果蔬菜和固沙植物是能够成功的；生长季内土壤含盐量＜０．１％。     

中国典型山地温冰川水化学空间分布特征与近期冰川动态

从我国玉龙雪玉典型温水王白水１号冰川不同区段表面融水,新近积雪和冰川初给河水采样分析结果表明,雪线以下降水中的稳定同位素的离子含量比雪线以下为高,低海拔河水比高海拨融水的氧同浓度为低,可能在来源上存在着差异,这种分布特征说明本温冰川区局部大气环流情况高度而不同,有可能存在季气候区所特有的“降水量效应”或“季节性效应”。冰川不同水体内离子浓度变化说明,冰川融水与地壳表面接触时间越久,其中的可融性离了     

PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF MULTI-CONSTITUENT WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR THE LIANGXI RIVER BY MARQUARDT METHOD

l.Illtr0ducti0l1TheLiangyiRiver,l0catedinthesouthwest0fWuxiCity,JiangsuProvinceofChina,isthemainsewagedrainagesystemofWuxi.WuxiwaterworksisnearthelnouthoftheLiangxiRivertotheTaihuLake.Tl1ewaterquality0ftl1eri\lerl1aseffectontheTaihuLakeaswellasthepublicl1ealth.Withtheincreasil1gIycomplexc0nstituentsoftheseWagandwastewterfromthecity,waterqualityvariab1es(111ulti-constituents)oftl1erivern1ustbef[111vcol1sidered.Hereco111est110LiangxiXivermulti-constituentwaterqtalitym0del.Ifthestatevaria…