Concentrations of heavy metals in marine wild fishes captured from the southern sea of Korea and associated health risk assessments

Concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were determined in edible parts (muscle) of 34 marine wild fish caught from the southern sea of Korea in 2007 and 2008 in order to understand the accumulation pattern of heavy metals in wild fish and to assess the potential health risk posed by fish consumption. The highest concentrations in the muscle of 17 pelagic and 17 demersal fishes were Zn and As, respectively, while the lowest concentration in both fishes was Cd. The mean concentrations of all metals except As in wild fish were much lower than the regulatory limits for fish and fishery products applied in a number of countries. Unlike other metals, As concentration in wild fish of this study region was relatively higher than that found in other country. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of the metals was in the range of 0.05% to 22.5% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDI). Similarly, the target hazard quotient (THQ) was below 1.0 for each metal. These results imply that the consumption of the investigated wild fish do not cause significant adverse health effects.     

灌河口海域表层沉积物中重金属的污染变化及潜在生态危害

采用 ICP-MS和 AFS对灌河口海域表层沉积物中重金属进行了分析。研究表明：近年来该海域重金属污染不断加重,尤其是Hg、Zn等浓度上升显著;同国内部分海域相比, Zn浓度最高、Hg浓度较高,其他5种重金属处于中等以上水平;Hg的富集系数达3.44,可能存在新的污染源;浓度分布受灌河口沙咀的影响,基本以H07等站位为高浓度中心向四周逐渐降低。H?kanson生态危害指数法表明灌河口海域总体处于“轻微”生态危害水平; SQGs法表明,不同重金属在不同站位的潜在生物毒性效应均会偶尔发生,个别站位Zn的毒性效应会频繁发生;加拿大沉积物质量标准法表明Zn、Cu、As对生物产生不良影响的概率较高, Zn的不良效应可能发生甚至频繁发生。     

黄渤海典型鳗草海草床重金属生态风险评估

为全面了解我国黄渤海鳗草(Zostera marina L.)床重金属污染水平, 本研究以大连林阳北海、葫芦岛兴城、唐山乐亭-曹妃甸和青岛湾四处鳗草床为研究对象。于夏季采集鳗草、海水和沉积物样品并分析其重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd)含量。以此分析海草的重金属富集特征, 并对比评估不同鳗草床重金属潜在生态风险。结果表明, 夏季四处鳗草床海水重金属含量由高到低依次为: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd, 均低于国家一级水质标准; 对沉积物来说, 重金属含量由高到低依次为: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd, 均低于国家一级沉积物质量标准。鳗草对重金属的富集因重金属种类和海草积累部位而异, 其地上组织对Cu、Zn、Cd的富集能力高于地下组织。研究区域海水中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd潜在风险等级均处于低风险水平。而对沉积物而言, 葫芦岛兴城鳗草床Cd的潜在风险等级处于较高风险水平(E_i值为156.9)。唐山乐亭-曹妃甸和青岛湾鳗草床的地质累积指数(I_geo)由大到小依次为: Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu。综合所有元素的潜在生态风险指数(I_R), 葫芦岛兴城鳗草床的潜在生态风险值最高。     

沉积物中重金属的归一化问题——以Al为例

沉积物的来源、粒度和矿物组成是影响重金属在动力沉积过程中的行为的最显著的因素,用某些参考元素（如Ａｌ、Ｌｉ等）归一化的目的是为了减小沉积物中重金属含量的波动,以揭示人文活动（例如污染）的影响。通过对国内一些河流沉积物中重金属的Ａｌ归一化结果的分析,认为在岩石的风化和变质过程中元素与Ａｌ的相对迁移能力的差异和各种生物过程均可使重金属的Ａｌ归一化值产生显著的变化,在某些情况下Ｍ／Ａｌ值并不一定能准确地描述人类活动对沉积物中重金属的影响。Ａｌ归一化仅能部分地校正粒度分布引起的重金属含量的变化,但不能消除矿物组成的影响。     

厦门西海域拟疏浚沉积物中重金属含量及潜在生态危害评价

报道了厦门西海域拟疏浚沉积物中的重金属含量水平及分布,并对其污染状况进行了潜在生态危害评价,为进一步开展疏浚物去污染技术研究提供了科学依据.研究结果表明：与其他海域的相比,马銮湾及其湾口外、筼筜湖的Cd、Hg、Cr、Zn含量较高.综合来看,厦门西海域拟疏浚沉积物重金属含量不很高（RI＜150）,属于轻微生态危害.但东渡码头外的X4站、马銮湾M2站沉积物中的Cd,及马銮湾M2站和筼筜湖Y2站沉积物中的Hg含量（40≤Er ＜80）都达到中等生态危害程度.     

Heavy metals in marine sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy)

Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn concentrations have been determined in surface sediment samples collected in the Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy) in order to evaluate their levels and spatial distribution in this important area of the Mediterranean Sea. For various metals, the geoaccumulation index has been calculated as a criterion to assess if their concentrations represent contamination levels or can be considered as background levels. The results show that metals concentrations in sediments can be considered near the background levels found in the Mediterranean Sea.Analytical results have been elaborated by using a Geographical Information System (GIS) software to show metals accumulation areas. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we evaluate the possibility to distinguish the sampling stations, in relation to their geographical position. Results have showed metals distribution in the Taranto Gulf is principally influenced by industrial and urban wastes, located mostly in the northern coastal area of the Ionian Sea. Rivers in the Basilicata region and prevailing anticlockwise marine currents are further factors influencing metal accumulation in sediments.     

Activity Concentrations and Fluxes of Radiocesium in the Southern Baltic Sea

The activity concentrations of dissolved¹³⁷Cs have been determined in the water column and¹³⁷Cs and¹³⁴Cs in the sediments and the sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea. The mean activity concentration of dissolved¹³⁷Cs in the Gdansk Deep declined from 109 Bq m⁻³in June 1986 to 61 Bq m⁻³in 1999. In sediments, the activity concentrations of¹³⁷Cs (33-231 Bq kg⁻¹) were highest in muds and the activity concentrations of¹³⁴Cs were about 6% of the total Cs activity. The Chernobyl contribution to¹³⁷Cs activity was between 43% and 77%. The porewater activity concentrations of¹³⁷Cs in muddy sediments were in the range 71 to 3900 Bq m⁻³and were higher than those in the overlying seawater. The diffusive flux of dissolved¹³⁷Cs from the muddy sediments was estimated in the range 5 to 480 Bq m⁻²year⁻¹. The flux of¹³⁷Cs from sediment porewaters of the southern Baltic Sea was about 45% of the total, including fluxes of¹³⁷Cs from wet and dry atmospheric deposition and the fluvial inputs. The results were used to elucidate the rate of recovery of the sediments and the waters of the southern Baltic from Chernobyl-derived¹³⁷Cs.     

Assessment of pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Ulsan Bay,Korea

Heavy metal concentrations in the surface sediments of specially managed Ulsan Bay were investigated to determine metal distribution, pollution status and its ecological risk using pollution indices (enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index), potential ecological risk index and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The order of mean concentration (mg/kg) of metals was Zn (361.9) > Cu (95.6) > Pb (90.7) > Cr (64.7) > Ni (32.2) > Co (16.6) > As (15.8) > Cd (0.40) > Hg (0.16) in sediments of Ulsan Bay. Spatial distribution of metals in sediments showed a significantly higher concentration near industrial complexes, indicating that metal pollution is caused by anthropogenic sources. The results of enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I_geo) showed that sediments were significantly accumulated with Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg, indicating moderate to very severe enrichment (pollution) by these metals. Based on the potential ecological risk index, Hg and Cd posed a very high and a considerable potential ecological risk. Cu and As posed a moderate potential ecological risk, while, other metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Zn and Pb) rarely posed any potential ecological risk to the coastal environments. The sediments in Ulsan Bay showed a very high level of ecological risk, dominated by Hg and Cd. Metal concentrations in sediments were 80% for Cu, 96.7% for Zn, 50% for As, 70% for Pb and 50% for Hg above the threshold effects level (TEL), respectively.     

渤海沉积物重金属环境质量评价及其影响因素

基于渤海404个站位的沉积物重金属元素含量与分布特征,通过潜在生态风险、地累积指数等指标定量评价了沉积物中重金属的环境质量,利用富集因子和主成分分析法,对影响渤海表层沉积物中重金属元素分布特征的影响因素进行了分析。研究结果显示,渤海湾重金属元素平均含量最高,渤海海峡最低;渤海Cd具有强潜在生态风险,Hg具有中等?强潜在生态风险,总潜在生态风险程度为中等;Cr和Ni的少量站位超过毒性阈值上限,其余重金属污染物含量均低于毒性阈值下限,表明渤海发生沉积物重金属的毒性污染的概率很低。沉积物中粒度效应控制的重金属元素含量对渤海表层沉积物中的重金属元素的分布具有主要影响,人类活动所造成的污染主要是Cd,主要分布于辽东湾的锦州湾和复州湾,其次通过河流进入海洋的Hg对黄河三角洲及莱州湾有重要影响,亟需引起注意。     

Acoustic monitoring using bamboo set net in the Southern Sea of Korea

High-temporal resolution profiles of acoustic backscatter were collected from a traditional bamboo set net along the coast of the Southern Sea, Korea, using sideward-looking multi-beam imaging sonar. These data were used to examine the impact of variations in tidal cycles and current speeds on the bamboo set net. The relatively high influx of fish during the nighttime compared to the low influx and high outflux of fish during the daytime suggests visual avoidance of the net by the fish during the daytime. The observed diel variation in the captured fish flux was significantly correlated with the current speed (day: r = 0.35, p = 0.002, night: r = 0.60, p < 0.001). The ratio of influx and outflux of fish, and current speed were correlated in a linear relationship (day: r = 0.45, p < 0.001; night: r = 0.56, p < 0.001). The fish activity of those inhabiting the bamboo set nets appears to be greatly influenced by day-night differences and current speed. The present study enhances understanding of fish behavior via utilization of a bamboo set net in the coastal zone.     

近40 a厦门海域表层沉积物重金属时空分布及综合生态风险评价

本文通过对自20世纪80年代以来九龙江口-厦门湾海域的表层沉积物重金属调查数据进行对比分析,确定了各区域重金属含量的平均水平,对表层沉积物重金属含量分布作了概述,同时根据潜在生态风险指数法的需要确定了各重金属元素含量的背景值,为该区域重金属含量的研究和评价以及背景值提供了参考数据。结合2016年8月该区域表层沉积物重金属含量调查数据,进行了总体潜在生态风险评价,结果表明:九龙江口-厦门湾海域的表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险情况并不乐观,厦门东部水道部分海域重金属潜在生态风险以轻度风险为主,九龙江口海域重金属潜在生态风险以重度风险为主,其余海域以中度风险为主。     

海洋沉积物重金属生态风险评价方法比较及实例验证——以莱州湾为例

利用2016年8月份莱州湾沉积物中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As、Cr、Zn监测数据,分别利用单因子污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法、地积累指数法、沉积物质量基准法、尼梅罗综合指数法、污染负荷指数法等6种沉积物重金属风险评价方法进行评价,以比较沉积物重金属生态风险评估方法的适用性与局限性。结果表明,莱州湾表层沉积物中,重金属Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As、Cr和Zn含量分别为0.077 4 mg/kg、0.169 mg/kg、12.1 mg/kg、11.9 mg/kg、11.6 mg/kg、31.1 mg/kg、45.3 mg/kg。不同方法在莱州湾沉积物风险评价结果上存在差异。单因素评价方法中,单因子污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法、尼梅罗综合指数法的评价结果适中,地累积指数法评价结果偏轻,沉积物质量基准法评价结果偏重。Hg、As、Cd元素的污染评价结果均较大,为主要的污染元素;综合因素评价方法中,污染负荷指数法评价结果风险偏轻,潜在生态危害指数法评价结果适中,内梅罗综合指数法评价结果则倾向偏重。沉积物重金属含量与底栖生物的丰度、生物量的pearson相关系数表明,Hg与底栖生物的生物量呈现显著负相关。6种方法都有自身优缺点和适用范围,但潜在生态危害指数法更适合莱州湾沉积物重金属风险评价。     

朝鲜海峡南部中陆架海侵沙脊在高能环境中的形成和发育

1　地质背景研究区为韩国海南部水深 60 ~ 100 m 的中陆架中部。韩国海南部陆架为构造上稳定、冰后期被淹没的浅水陆架(水深<120 m),陆源碎屑沉积厚。这些厚层沉积物显示了区域倾斜的前积层层理,表明它们为三角洲来源或浅水来源,尤其是晚第四纪沉积形成高频沉积层序,包含了一套与末次海平面循环(< 30 000aBP)相响应的低海面、海侵和高海面沉积(Yooand Park,2000)。低海面和高海面沉积分别位于外陆架和内陆架,而海侵沉积在陆架上分布广。海侵沉积可分为 5 个地层单元(Yoo andPark,2000),包括:①中陆架海侵层;②中陆架沙脊;③横切水道填…     

The effects of nutrients and heavy metals on the plankton in marine enclosed ecosystem

Applying marine enclosed ecosystem extensively to study the nutrient variation and its relation to biochemical process by marine ecologists and biogeologists in North America, Europe, Japan and Australia has been lasting for many years. Santschi (1982) reviewed the geochemical recirculation of nutrients systematically. Kremling et al. (1978) described the changes in nutrient in marine enclosed e-     

北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚体内的重金属含量测定与评价

应用原子吸收分光光度计对北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚(Stenella attenuata)的肌肉、肝脏、胃、心脏、胆囊、胰脏、肾脏、肺脏和肠管道等器官组织样品中的镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铁(Fe)和锰(Mn)的含量进行测定,并使用标准物作了对照分析.结果显示,热带点斑原海豚体内各器官组织中的Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn的平均含量分别为0.04～67.35、2.68～24.24、32.26～118.54、1.01～4.17、0.30～1.52、ND～1.25、162.11～1190.63和0.88～12.84μg/g(干重).热带点斑原海豚体内重金属含量高低的基本趋势是Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Mn＞Cd＞Cr＞Ni.肝、肾脏等内脏器官中的重金属含量远高于肌肉组织中的含量;多数器官组织中没有测出Ni的存在.与北部湾海域、渤海湾海域的中华白海豚和江豚比较,北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚体内各器官组织中的重金属含量偏高,表明不同种类的海豚对重金属的富集能力存在一定的差异.     

Ten new species of parasitic cyclopoid copepods (Crustacea) belonging to the families Bomolochidae, Philichthyidae, and Taeniacanthidae from marine fishes in Korea

Ten new species of cyclopoid copepods are described as parasites of marine fishes from Korea. Three new species of the family Bomolochidae are described as gill parasites: Orbitacolax pteragogi n. sp. from Pteragogus flagellifer (Valenciennes), Orbitacolax trichiuri n. sp. from Trichurus lepturus Linnaeus, and Orbitacolax unguifer n. sp. from Evynnis japonica Tanaka. Four species of the genus Colobomatus Hesse, 1873 of the family Philichthyidae are described as internal parasites: Colobomatus unimanus n. sp. from Pseudolabrus eoethinus (Richardson), Colobomatus recticaudatus n. sp. from Halichoeres poecilopterus (Temminck and Schlegel), Colobomatus floridus n. sp. from Hapalogenys mucronatus (Eydoux and Souleyet), and Colobomatus orientalis n. sp. from Johnius grypotus (Richardson). Three new species of the family Taeniacanthidae, including a new species belonging to a new genus, are described as gill parasites: Taeniacanthus singularis n. sp. from Halieutaea fumosa Alcock, Triacanthus luteus n. gen. n. sp. from Odontamblyopus lacepedii (Temminck and Schlegel), and Umazuracola geminus n. sp. from Stephonolepis cirrhifer (Temminck and Schlegel).     

The effects of heavy metals on the primary productivity in the marine ecosystem enclosures

In April, 1985, scientists from China and Canada made a marine enclosed ecosystem experiment cooperatively in Xiamen. The experiment was carried out in the plastic bags in a shorebased tank. To the bags, heavy metals (Cu, Hg, Zn, Pb and Cd) were added quantitatively and their effects on the primary productivity were studied. The results show that the effects of low level metal mixture (Cu 3.5-10.0, Hg 0.2-1.0, Pb 0.3-1.5, Zn 3.5-17.5,     

楚科奇海陆架重金属沉积研究

采用Pb-Po法测定了楚科奇海陆架沉积物中210Pb的垂直剖面.应用双层模型研究210Pb分布,得到沉积速率(S)为0.145cm/a,沉积物堆积通量(FM)为78mg/(cm2·a),过剩210Pbex的沉积通量为6×10-3Bq/(cm2·a)[即0.36dpm/(cm2·a)].用中子活化分析方法和火焰原子吸收法分析测定了沉积物岩芯12个层段的重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Co、Fe、Mn和V的含量,发现各层段之间重金属含量没有显著的区别.将本次分析结果和北冰洋其他一些陆架区的研究结果及页岩标准值相比较,发现楚科奇海沉积物中大部分重金属含量都相对较低.基于此可以推断,楚科奇海沉积物中重金属是源于地球化学过程的作用,没有表现出受到明显的人为重金属污染影响.     

福建罗源湾海区表层沉积物重金属的含量与分布

根据2005年11月对罗源湾海域的环境调查资料,着重分析了表层沉积物重金属的含量以及分布,并与福建省内各主要港湾的沉积物重金属含量进行对比.结果表明:沉积物中Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr(总铬)的含量均小于<海洋沉积物质量>一类评价标准的含量,质量状况良好;罗源湾的Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr平均含量与其它海域相应的重金属含量比较,含量水平无明显差异;湾内水域的沉积物重金属含量大于湾口水域,湾内近岸水域的沉积物重金属含量大于中心水域.罗源湾沉积物未受到重金属的污染.