两层流体中内波作用下Spar平台运动响应

研究两层流体中Spar平台在内波作用下的运动响应问题。在线性势流理论框架,提出在内波作用下Spar平台运动响应及分段式悬链线系泊张力特性的计算方法。数值分析两层流体内界面位置、入射内波的波长以及系泊索初始预张力对Spar平台运动响应及其系泊索张力特性的影响规律,结果表明内波对Spar平台纵摇运动响应的影响是小的,但对Spar平台纵荡与垂荡运动响应及其系泊索张力的影响是不可忽视的。因此,在Spar平台的设计中,考虑内波的影响是重要的。     

一种新型Semi-Spar式海上风机平台系泊系统优化分析

参考英国的Kincardine风机采用的新式的Semi-Spar概念,结合spar式基础和半潜式基础的特点,提出了一种新式海上浮式风机平台模型,并基于三维势流理论,利用AQWA软件进行水动力计算,验证新式平台可靠性。分析了在风、浪、流荷载联合作用下,锚链竖向夹角、系缆数量对风机浮式平台运动性能和系泊张力的影响,对系泊系统进行优化,并验证极端工况下的可靠性。结果证明风机平台水平运动和纵摇运动幅值较小,但垂荡幅值略大,而通过减小锚链竖向夹角可以控制平台运动响应幅值,增加系缆数量可以同时减小系泊张力大小。计算结果证明了新型Semi-Spar式海上风机平台可行性,为浮式风机平台及系泊系统的设计提供参考。     

新型干树半潜式海洋平台垂荡运动性能研究

在深海油气田开发中,干式采油树比湿式采油树具有更多优势。为减小半潜平台的垂荡运动,使其能够采用干式采油树,对一种深吃水且具有大面积下浮箱的新型半潜平台的运动性能进行了探究。基于势流理论,采用频域和时域相结合的分析方法,计算了平台在多种海况下的运动响应,为新型平台的运动分析和设计提供指导。同时,开展了水池模型试验,将计算结果与试验结果相比较,验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。为进一步探究新型平台的运动性能,研究了下浮箱放置深度对平台运动性能的影响,并进行相应的模型试验。研究表明:下浮箱的存在可大幅改善新型干树半潜平台的垂荡运动性能。综合考虑平台运动性能和工程实际应用条件,确定了最合适的下浮箱放置深度值。     

Comparisons of internal solitary wave and surface wave actions on marine structures and their responses

In this paper, a time-domain numerical model is established for computing the action of internal solitary wave on marine structures and structure motion responses. For a cylindrical structure, its side and bottom are discretized by pole and surface elements, respectively. The drag and inertial forces in the perpendicular direction of the structure are computed by the Morison equation from the pole elements, and the Froude–Krylov force in the axial direction of the structure due to internal wave motion is computed by integration of the dynamic pressure over the surface elements. The catenary theory is used to analyze the reaction force due to mooring lines, and the motion equation of the marine structure is solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method in the time domain. The model is used to calculate the interaction of the internal solitary wave with a Spar platform with mooring system, and the surface wave action with the platform has also been computed by a frequency-domain boundary element method for comparison. Through the comparison based on a practical internal wave and surface wave states, it can be concluded that the internal wave force on the structure is only 9% of the one due to surface waves. However, the motion response due to the internal wave is much greater than the one due to the surface waves. It shows that the low-frequency effect of internal solitary waves is a great threat to the safety of marine structures.     

厄尔尼诺的发生与行星运动

厄尔尼诺(El Ni(?)o)现象是海-气耦合系统异常变化的表现,其起因可能不是唯一的,行星运动对地球运动的影响可能会导致El Ni(?)o的发生。根据4个半世纪内El Ni(?)o发生的历史资料,分析其发生和行星运动的关系,得出的结论是:木星赤纬的变化和火星大冲与El Ni(?)o。的发生有显著的关系,表明这2颗行星的运动可能影响El Ni(?)o的发生。文中还根据分析结桌和El Ni(?)o混沌机制的观点,探讨了行星运动对海-气系统变化的影响机制。     

波流组合作用下SPAR平台垂荡-纵摇耦合运动研究

探讨SPAR平台在波流组合作用下的运动响应机理。运用Matlab程序分析了SPAR平台产生内共振的运动过程,运用刚体动力学理论建立了平台垂荡-纵摇耦合方程,对波流共同作用下Spar平台的垂荡、纵摇运动进行数值模拟,结果表明:流的加入对于内共振的影响并不明显;同时采用AQWA软件研究了流的加入对于纵荡二阶慢漂力的影响,研究发现,当波流同向时能大大增加Spar平台的纵荡运动,而波流反向时却能明显削弱纵荡运动。本文研究成果对于指导深海浮式结构设计开发具有一定的理论借鉴作用。     

水下运动物体间相互作用力的计算探讨

本文首先用体内奇点分布法建立了水下多个运动回转体的数学模型,基此提出了一种新的计算多物体相互作用力的方法──等价拓展体法,达到考虑粘性、简化边界层计算的目的。以上方法都以两个运动回转体为例作了数值计算与比较。     

单立柱桶基平台整体结构静,动力分析

桶基平台是以桶形基础代替传统的桩基础,是海洋工程结构的一种新型基础形式,该平台是板壳和梁组成的空间结构,受力复杂,本文采用弹性抗力法解决桶形基础与土壤相互作用,用水平弹簧模拟桶基与土壤相互作用,采用板壳和梁的计算模型对平台结构进行分析,为平台的结构设计提供了依据。     

基于EMD-LSTM模型半潜平台运动极短期预报

半潜平台在复杂海洋环境作用下,会发生不规则的六自由度运动响应。这种平台运动的不规则性和随机性对平台作业、栈桥控制以及直升机起落等造成极大的不确定和未知风险。因此,在极短期内准确快速预报平台运动响应对深海浮式平台作业和设备安全具有重要的实际意义。然而目前针对浮式平台运动响应的计算主要是基于势流理论,对确定波浪激励下的平台一阶运动和二阶慢漂运动进行求解,计算的时效性不能满足实际需求。此外,还需要对入射波浪时历进行准确预报,导致平台运动响应准确计算更加困难。针对上述难题,提出了基于EMD-LSTM模型进行平台运动极短期预报的方法。该方法以半潜平台模型试验数据为研究对象,首先对平台运动响应的时间序列进行预处理,接着采用经验模态分解算法(EMD)将时间序列分解成相对平稳的分量,再利用长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络可以处理复杂非线性长时间序列的优点,对时间序列进行训练预测,最后进行仿真,同时与传统LSTM模型与EMD-BP模型进行对比,仿真结果表明基于EMD-LSTM模型的平台极短期预报方法精度较高,该方法是可行的,具有工程应用的实际意义。     

考虑涡激运动下海洋柔性立管的疲劳损伤分析

基于ABAQUS/AQUA模块,当Spar平台发生涡激运动时,对与平台相连接的柔性立管进行时域动态响应分析,得到了不同折合速度下柔性立管的应力响应曲线.对立管触地区域和悬垂段进行了细化的分析,并利用S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤理论对平台涡激运动引起的柔性立管疲劳损伤进行了计算.研究结果表明:平台涡激运动对立管触地区域和悬垂段的影响较大,这两部分最容易在长时间的工作中产生疲劳损伤.特别是平台运动到近点时,立管触地区域受到的应力急剧增加,这个区域是立管工作的危险区域,应该特别注意.该研究结论可以作为立管结构设计和海底铺设时的参考,通过增加立管触地区域的结构强度和优化铺设方式,从而来提高立管的疲劳寿命和系统的安全性.     

热带风暴过程中珊瑚礁坪示踪砂运移的现场实验研究

１９９５年１０月在小东海珊瑚礁海岸的礁坪上进行了示踪砂运动的现场实验。本次实验对浪,流以及示踪砂采样作了同步观测。根据所获的实验数据,分析在９５１６号热带风暴天气过程礁坪上示踪砂运移的基本规律。在一级近似下,测定并计算了泥沙在波生流作用下的漂移速度与流速比因子０．００２,混合深度小于２ｃｍ。这一结果与其它已往结果相比明显小得多。     

偏航工况下海上浮式风力机基础运动响应及锚泊载荷影响分析

海上浮式风力机受风、浪、流等外部载荷影响,运营期间经常处于偏航工况,给风力机基础运动响应和锚泊载荷带来重要影响.基于经典叶素动量理论及势流理论,建立海上浮式风力机水—气动力耦合分析模型,对在非定常风、不规则波浪联合作用下,风力机偏航时基础运动响应及锚泊载荷等进行分析.研究发现,额定风速工况下,风力机偏航对平台纵荡和纵摇运动影响较大,偏航30°时纵荡和纵摇平均值比偏航0°时分别下降20.68％和37.36％,垂荡运动响应受风力机偏航影响较小;锚泊载荷变化趋势与平台运动及锚链布置有关,平台纵荡对锚泊载荷影响较大,偏航30°时锚链#1有效张力平均值比偏航0°时下降12.98％.     

Nonlinear coupled dynamics analysis of a truss spar platform

Accurate prediction of the offshore structure motion response and associate mooring line tension is important in both technical applications and scientific research. In our study, a truss spar platform, operated in Gulf of Mexico, is numerically simulated and analyzed by an in-house numerical code ‘COUPLE'. Both the platform motion responses and associated mooring line tension are calculated and investigated through a time domain nonlinear coupled dynamic analysis. Satisfactory agreement between the simulation and corresponding field measurements is in general reached, indicating that the numerical code can be used to conduct the time-domain analysis of a truss spar interacting with its mooring and riser system. Based on the comparison between linear and nonlinear results, the relative importance of nonlinearity in predicting the platform motion response and mooring line tensions is assessed and presented. Through the coupled and quasi-static analysis, the importance of the dynamic coupling effect between the platform hull and the mooring/riser system in predicting the mooring line tension and platform motions is quantified. These results may provide essential information pertaining to facilitate the numerical simulation and design of the large scale offshore structures.     

Stochastic stability of tethered buoyant platforms

A moment method for analysing the stochastic stability of the surge motion of a tethered buoyant platform (TBP) in a random sea is examined. In the differential equation describing the surge motion the variation of tether tension caused by the vertical component of the wave forces is random-time dependent in form. The asymptotic moment behaviour of the solution is determined and approximated in terms of an integral equation. Under the assumption of a narrow band process imposed upon the random coefficient, the stability results are obtained with the aid of deterministic stability theory. The mean square stability is studied and criteria for stability are obtained in terms of the damping coefficient and the auto-correlation function of the random sea.     

BDRM理论在双轴海洋声道中的应用

由于表面声道与深海声道间的耦合效应,声波在双轴海洋声道中的传播比较复杂,因此求解双轴海洋声道中的声场就比较困难。在 WKBZ 本征函数的基础上,推导出了参考界面相位修正的一致表达式,并将浅海声传播的波束位移射线简正波(BDRM)理论应用于计算双轴海洋声道中的声场,进行了数值模拟并与传统简正波方法进行比较,结果表明应用 BDRM 理论计算的传播损失具有很高的精度和速度,可以对双轴海洋声道内声传播问题进行分析和预报。     

Nonlinear Random Motion Analysis of A Tension Leg Platform Considering the Set-down Motion of A Floating Body

The dynamic analysis of a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in random wave is investigated by considering the set-down of a floating body. The nonlinear restoring stiffness is derived with the set-down motion of a floating body and the coupled motion of the tension leg and platform and the differential equations of the motion are established. The study focuses on the influence of the set-down motion on the nonlinear response of the platform. By considering different significant wave heights and currents, motion responses of the platform are calculated and compared. The analysis shows that the set-down motion significantly increases the heave motion with low frequency and the equilibrium position of the heave motion with the set-down motion is much lower than that without set-down motion. The results in this paper indicate that the set-down motion has a major impact on the safety of the platform inproduction operation, and it is also a threat to the strength of tension legs and risers.     

Dynamic behavior of tension-leg platform with net-cage system subjected to wave forces

In this study a typical tension-leg platform with net cage system is presented, and a set of equations of motion for the platform with a net-cage system of a simplified two-dimensional case are derived. Subsequently a close form solution is obtained when the wave-structure interaction between the top platform structure and the incident wave is considered. The parameter of solidity as a ratio of the twine diameter and the mesh size of the cage is also taken into account in the analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic behavior for the tension-leg platform with a net-cage system and its pre-tensioned tethers when subjected to incident waves and flow drags, and furthermore, to understand the relationship between the structure behavior and the properties of the net-cages. Numerical examples are carried out and the results are discussed focusing on the motion of both the platform and net-cages when subjected to waves of a range of periods. It is found that there is a close relationship between the dynamic behavior of the platform and the net-cage features such as the solidity ratio between the twine diameter and the mesh size of the net-cage while the parameters related to waves are held constant.     

Dynamic behavior of offshore spar platforms under regular sea waves

Many innovative floating offshore structures have been proposed for cost effectiveness of oil and gas exploration and production in water depths exceeding one thousand meters in recent years. One such type of platform is the offshore floating Spar platform. The Spar platform is modelled as a rigid body with six degrees-of-freedom, connected to the sea floor by multi-component catenary mooring lines, which are attached to the Spar platform at the fairleads. The response dependent stiffness matrix consists of two parts (a) the hydrostatics provide restoring force in heave, roll and pitch, (b) the mooring lines provide the restoring force which are represented here by nonlinear horizontal springs. A unidirectional regular wave model is used for computing the incident wave kinematics by Airy’s wave theory and force by Morison’s equation. The response analysis is performed in time domain to solve the dynamic behavior of the moored Spar platform as an integrated system using the iterative incremental Newmark’s Beta approach. Numerical studies are conducted for sea state conditions with and without coupling of degrees-of-freedom.     

船舶随浪运动稳性仿真计算

本文利用Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ理论，研究了船舶在规则波浪运动的稳性；利用摄动理论，求解出船舶运动响应；并讨论了船舶横摇与垂荡运动频率、最大横摇角和波浪要素对稳性曲线ＧＺ的影响，以及流体动压力对稳性曲线的修正，从而给计算船舶在随浪中的稳性提供了一种方法。     

SPAR平台拖拉装船作业风荷载计算研究

SPAR平台装船作业和运输过程中受到的风荷载对作业的安全性有极大的影响。采用计算流体动力学方法,针对作业和极限两种工况,对桁架式SPAR平台在不同方向下的风荷载进行数值模拟,然后将数值模拟的结果和规范计算的结果进行比较,证实了CFD计算方法对复杂结构风荷载的有效性,为计算桁架式SPAR平台这类复杂结构物的风荷载提供了一个新方法。