西准玛依勒地区哈吉岩体和包体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义

LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,哈吉岩体形成时代为278±3Ma,MSWD=0.43,包体年龄为291±4Ma,MSWD=0.32,在误差范围内完全一致,表明岩体和暗色微粒包体是同时代形成的。包体是岩浆混合作用的产物,是过冷的镁铁质岩浆混入到中酸性岩浆中经快速冷凝的结果。在岩浆混合过程中,基性的包体岩浆和中酸性的寄主岩浆通过化学扩散发生成分交换,使包体受到了花岗闪长质岩浆的改造和同化。这可能就是哈吉岩体及其包体LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄相同的原因所在。哈吉岩体形成的时代属于西准噶尔后碰撞深成岩浆活动的范围330~265Ma之间,其形成和演化代表了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程。     

玉龙铜矿带马拉松多斑岩体岩石学及成岩成矿系统年代学分析

马拉松多斑岩铜钼矿床是玉龙斑岩铜矿带中第二大的大型斑岩铜钼矿床,本文分析了岩体化学组成及用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法以及黑云母K-Ar法测定了成岩成矿体系同位素年代。赋矿岩体可分为早晚两期, 早期岩体主要由石英二长斑岩及碱长花岗斑岩组成,晚期岩体主要由碱长花岗斑岩组成。早期岩体和晚期岩体在化学组成上有一定的差异,早期岩体富Al₂O₃、MgO、CaO、Na₂O、Fe ₂O₃、TiO₂,晚期岩体则相对富SiO₂及K₂O;马拉松多早期岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄(36.9±0.4Ma, MSWD=1.52)与晚期岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄（36.9±0.3Ma, MSWD=1.38）相同,也和黑云母K-Ar年龄（36.9±0.6Ma）及前人的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄一致。早期和晚期岩体是在现有同位素体系难以区别的相同的时间间隔内脉动侵入形成的,马拉松多成岩成矿系统在很短时期内从高温（800℃,锆石U-Pb封闭温度）冷却至中低温（300℃黑云母Ar同位素体系的封闭温度）,成岩成矿时间跨度小于1Ma。玉龙矿带主要赋矿岩体锆石年龄表明,玉龙斑岩铜矿带岩浆活动时间跨度4.3Ma内,约发生过四次成岩成矿事件。     

滇西腾冲新岐花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

为探明滇西腾冲地区含矿花岗岩特征、钨锡多金属矿的成矿与成岩关系,以及花岗岩在区域构造上的意义,对腾冲新岐地区古永岩体与新岐岩体开展了系统的地球化学研究。结果表明,两岩体均具有高硅、高钾、富碱、富铝、低钛等特征。其CaO/Na2O、Rb/Ba、Rb/Sr值反应其源岩为富黏土质砂岩,微量及稀土特征差异表明其具有不同的结晶演化过程。锆石U-Pb定年获得古永岩体的成岩年龄为62.9±1.9Ma,新岐岩体的成岩年龄为61.9±1.4Ma,表明二者应为同时或近乎同时侵入于该地区,在形成年代上无明显界限。在区域上,两岩体成岩年龄与冈底斯林子宗火成岩年龄60~64.47Ma相当,是冈底斯东南缘对印度板块与欧亚板块初始碰撞的响应。     

地幔流体在滇西富碱斑岩成岩成矿过程中的作用——地质年代学和同位素地球化学制约

滇西金沙江哀牢山断裂以东广泛发育富碱斑岩型多金属矿床,其富碱斑岩体中有多处产出深源岩石包体。对包体岩石和寄主富碱斑岩及其成矿石英脉的地质年代学研究显示,深源岩石包体的成岩年龄大于寄主富碱斑岩,而富碱斑岩的成岩与成矿是基本同时的。结合铅硅锶钕同位素地球化学研究表明,在富碱岩浆的成岩过程中,伴随富硅成矿流体对围岩和岩体的交代蚀变,并与地壳岩石一定程度混染而实现成矿作用。这种富硅成矿流体作用实质上是地幔流体作用在地壳中成矿作用的延续。据此,从地幔流体交代矿物的结晶年龄(116.0 Ma)到富硅成矿流体年龄(51.2 Ma),揭示地幔流体作用贯穿于富碱岩浆成岩成矿的全过程。正是这一地幔流体作用过程,导致Si、Al、Na、K及其它硅不相容元素和成矿元素富集,进而导致其Sr-Nd同位素特征由亏损地幔向富集地幔过渡,并引起从岩体→围岩对应、从高温→低温的系列成矿效应。也正是这种流体作用,构成滇西新生代广泛成矿的内在统一制约因素和大型-超大型矿床形成的重要地球化学背景。     

云南马厂箐岩体中深源包体特征及其锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄

马厂箐岩体属于滇西富碱侵入岩的重要组成部分,在马厂箐岩体中发现了镁铁质暗色深源包体,这对于研究滇西富碱侵入岩带的起源、演化、成岩成矿作用以及区域地球动力学机制具有重要意义。本文基于对深源包体地质特征研究,通过开展LA-ICPMSU-Pb锆石定年,得到花岗斑岩中镁铁质深源包体锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为35.13±0.23Ma(MSWD=0.64),与其寄主岩花岗斑岩年龄(35.0±0.2Ma)和(似)斑状花岗岩年龄(33.78±0.21Ma)较为一致,结合深源包体及其寄主岩锆石的Th/U比值及Ti温度计特征,证明了包体的岩浆混合成因。分析认为:马厂箐富碱侵入岩体为壳源岩浆与幔源岩浆混合作用的产物;包体与其寄主岩具有相同或相似的岩浆演化过程;35Ma左右存在幔源岩浆的底侵注入,幔源岩浆的注入混合可能是这套岩浆成矿的关键。     

大龙山岩体冷却史及其成矿关系的同位素研究

根据全岩Rb-Sr、锆石U-Pb和角闪石、黑云母、钾长石K-Ar同位素年龄综合测定结果,再造了安庐石英正长岩带中大龙山岩体的冷却史。矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果证实,扩散作用是控制同位素体系封闭的主导因素。假定岩体冷却与地温梯度(100℃/Ma)同步降低,以二维热模式为参照,可以推算出大龙山岩体的原始侵位深度约为8km,成岩温度为800±50℃。早阶段石英正长岩体在136Ma侵位结晶后开始快速的冷却上升,冷却速率为27.4℃/Ma,上升速率为0.27mm/a;经过约18Ma后,岩体上升至地下约3km深处,温度为300±50℃,转为缓慢冷却上升,冷却速率为6.3℃/Ma,上升速率为0.06mm/a.晚阶段碱长花岗岩体于117Ma侵位结晶,嗣后开始快速的冷却上升,冷却速率为58.6℃/Ma,上升速率为0.59mm/a;经过约8Ma后,岩体转为缓慢冷却上升,冷却速率为7.2℃/Ma,上升速率为0.07mm/a.结合对国内外其它深成岩体冷却历史的研究,可见这类岩体的侵位上升一般经历了两个阶段:(1)早期高温岩体快速上升至定位,冷却速率显着大于区域地温梯度降低幅度;(2)晚期低温岩体与区域地质体一起缓慢隆起上升,冷却速率与区域地温梯度降低幅度一致。对形成于大龙山岩体接触带的热液铀矿床进行了沥青铀矿U-Pb同位素年龄测定,得到的矿化时间与黑云母K-Ar体系的封闭时间相近。气液包裹体测温结果指示,矿化温度与黑云母的Ar封闭温度相一致;脉石矿物氧同位素组成研究得到,成矿流体为岩浆期后热液。因此,该热液铀矿床的形成与岩浆结晶分异及嗣后的岩体缓慢冷却密切相关。     

云南六合正长斑岩中花岗岩包体锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

滇西地区沿金沙江-哀牢山断裂带广泛发育新生代富碱斑岩,其中六合富碱斑岩中发现了与镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体紧密共生的花岗岩包体。本文对花岗岩包体中锆石进行了阴极发光图像、LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析和U-Pb定年研究。研究表明,该花岗岩包体中锆石可分为岩浆锆石、老核新壳的复合岩浆锆石和变质交代成因锆石;复合岩浆锆石的新壳206Pb/238U平均加权年龄为39.2±2Ma,代表花岗岩包体的成岩年龄,与寄主富碱斑岩的成岩年龄基本一致;复合岩浆锆石的老核206Pb/238U平均加权年龄为828.1±7.1Ma,代表基底岩石年龄。变质锆石的206Pb/238U平均加权年龄为108.4±4.4Ma,与角闪石化金云石榴透辉岩中角闪石Ar-Ar年龄102.87±1.19Ma基本吻合,代表地幔流体交代矿物的结晶年龄,表明地幔流体交代作用过程可能在白垩纪前后延续一个相当长的时期。结合岩相学研究,认为该花岗岩包体被捕获运移时处于熔融态;花岗质熔浆的形成很可能与地幔流体作用引发的地壳部分熔融与壳幔岩浆混合作用密切相关。     

单颗粒锆石 Pb-Pb 蒸发法在西秦岭柴家庄花岗岩中的应用

作者利用单颗粒锆石 Pb-Pb 蒸发法获得柴家庄岩体的成岩年龄为307～308（±5Ma），应属海西期，而非印支期；并认为前人所测黑云母 K-Ar 年龄 198～206Ma代表地质构造热事件的年龄；岩体的时代确定对研究柴家庄金矿有理论和现实意义。     

K-Ar法同位素地质年龄测定标准样——ZBH-黑云母的矿物特征

作为中国K-Ar法同位素地质年龄测定标准样的ZBH-黑云母取自北京房山花岗闪长岩体。该黑云母在结晶以后,放射成因~(40)Ar在矿物晶格中保存良好,没有遭受热力扰动,它完全适合用作K-Ar法同位素地质年龄测定的标准样。     

宁镇地区安基山侵入岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对宁镇地区安基山岩体主要岩石类型花岗闪长斑岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果表明, 安基山岩体的花岗闪长斑岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(106.9±0.9)Ma, 代表了岩体形成年龄, 岩体形成于早白垩世晚期; 安基山岩体的形成明显晚于铜陵等地高钾钙碱性中酸性侵入岩形成时代, 揭示出宁镇地区中酸性钙碱性岩浆活动及其成矿响应是中生代长江中下游成矿带大规模岩浆活动的另一期成岩成矿事件; 宁镇地区铜多金属成矿作用在时间、空间和成因上与107 Ma左右的钙碱性中酸性岩浆活动有密切的联系, 区内成岩成矿作用是一个连续的过程; 宁镇地区钙碱性中酸性岩浆活动的地球动力学背景对应中国东部中生代岩石圈拆沉减薄事件; 长江中下游地区岩石圈拆沉从130 Ma左右开始, 可能一直持续到107 Ma以后.      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861