贵州丫他卡林型金矿床流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义

黔西南丫他金矿床是典型的沉积岩容矿的微细浸染型金矿床。从流体包裹体的角度,探讨了丫他金矿床成矿的温度压力条件和流体演化。各阶段石英、雄黄的流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究结果表明:主成矿阶段包裹体主要类型有H2O、CO2和CO2-H2O包裹体,流体包裹体组合呈现CO2-H2O不混溶的特征,晚成矿阶段包裹体类型主要为H2O包裹体;从主成矿阶段到晚成矿阶段,流体包裹体均一温度由139～268℃变化至121～194℃,盐度由2.9%～7.4%变化至2.7%～6.6%。根据共存CO2包裹体和H2O包裹体的等容线计算法,还原主成矿期包裹体捕获温度为260～294℃,捕获压力为59～98 MPa。对比不同类型金矿床中的富CO2流体特征,指出黔西南卡林型金矿床中存在的富CO2流体可能在金的搬运过程中起到一定的作用,CO2-H2O相分离可能是导致矿质沉淀的主要原因。     

滇西沧源铅锌多金属矿集区流体包裹体研究

滇西沧源铅锌多金属矿集区位于中缅边境的金腊-金厂一带,是云南省地质矿产局和地质矿产资源股份有限公司新近探明和开发的一个新的资源地.文章通过对矿集区脉石矿物中流体包裹体的类型、特征、成矿温度、盐度、密度、成矿压力以及流体包裹体中气液相成分和C、H、O同位素地球化学方面的分析,探讨了流体性质、来源及矿床成因.结果表明,该区流体主要属于NaCl-H2O体系和NaCl-CO2-H2O体系,均一温度主要集中在160～320℃之间,盐度W(NaCleq)在0～20%左右,由成矿压力推算的成矿深度在0.7～11.5 km内.由此推测成矿流体主要是经深部循环演化了的大气降水与岩浆水的混合流体.     

黑龙江嘉荫平顶山金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

平顶山金矿床位于佳木斯地块东北部,矿床的产出受断裂构造控制,矿体主要赋存于高角度张性破碎带中,矿石类型为石英脉和蚀变岩两种。笔者在对平顶山金矿的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征详细研究基础上,通过对各成矿阶段代表性的原生流体包裹体进行岩相学观察、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了成矿流体性质和矿床成因类型。流体包裹体研究表明,流体包裹体以气液两相为主。主成矿阶段流体均一温度具有中低温(142.2℃～267.3℃)、低盐度(1.90%～4.32%NaCl)、低密度(0.81～0.94 g/cm3)的特征。包裹体气相成分主要为H2O,其次为CH4和CO2,液相成分主要为H2O和CH4。综合研究表明,平顶山金矿属于受断裂控制的中低温热液脉型金矿床。     

新疆东准噶尔南明水金矿床成矿流体特征：流体包裹体及氢氧同位素证据

新疆东准噶尔南明水金矿床位于卡拉麦里成矿带东段,矿体受NW—NWW向韧-脆性断裂控制,赋矿围岩为下石炭统姜巴斯套组的浅变质海相火山碎屑-沉积岩。以流体包裹体和氢、氧同位素为研究手段,查明了矿床成矿流体性质、来源及其演化特征与金成矿的关系。其热液成矿过程可划分早、中、晚3个阶段,石英中原生包裹体主要有CO2-H2O包裹体、水溶液包裹体和纯CO2包裹体3种类型。早阶段石英中以CO2-H2O包裹体和纯CO2包裹体为主,均一温度变化于257~339 ℃,盐度为04%~22%;中阶段石英中3种类型包裹体均发育,CO2-H2O包裹体和水溶液包裹体均一温度为196~361 ℃,盐度为04%~60%;晚阶段石英中仅见水溶液包裹体,均一温度相对较低,为174~252 ℃,盐度为14%~32%。由CO2-H2O包裹体计算的早、中阶段捕获压力分别为214~371 MPa、236~397 MPa,对应的成矿深度分别为81~140 km、89~150 km。成矿流体由早、中阶段的CO2-H2O-NaCl±CH4体系演化至晚阶段贫CO2的H2O-NaCl体系,成矿温度和流体密度呈逐渐降低趋势,盐度变化不大。流体包裹体和氢、氧同位素研究表明,主成矿阶段成矿流体主要来源于变质水,CO2-H2O-NaCl流体的不混溶是导致Au富集成矿的重要机制,南明水金矿属于中深成造山型金矿床。     

新疆阿勒泰海相火山岩铁矿带中流体包裹体特征和成矿作用的热力学条件

由海相火山岩铁矿带划分的五个成矿作用阶段,进行矿物流体包裹体的系统研究。阐述了四种类型的流体包裹体在不同成矿阶段中的分布特征。计算出不同阶段成矿溶液的热力学条件:温度、压力、氧逸度、流体成分、密度、含盐度。对该成矿带铁质来源、成矿方式、矿床成因进行了探讨。从而、初步建立了本矿带成矿模式。     

湖北省陨西县三天门金矿床包裹体-同位素地球化学及成矿流体特征

通过矿床流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析研究成矿流体性质,探讨矿床成因类型。研究结果表明,流体包裹体有气液两相、含纯液相和纯气相包裹体3种类型。气相成分以CO2为主,其次为H2O,总体属CH4-H2O-CO2体系;结合氢氧同位素地球化学特征（δD值为-64.1‰～-124.4‰;δ18O值为1.34‰～-6.96‰）,确定成矿流体是岩浆热液与大气降水的混合流体。含矿硫（δ34S）指示硫主要为深部岩浆来源,并经历了陆壳硫的混染,包裹体均一温度以240℃～270℃区间为主,属中低温热液矿床。     

浙江八面山萤石矿床流体包裹体地球化学研究

八面山萤石矿床流体包裹体可分为三大类型:Ⅰ气液包裹体,Ⅱ气体包裹体,Ⅲ含子矿物的多相包裹体;矿床成矿温度变化不大,主要集中在120～240°C之间。细粒条带状萤石矿石包裹体温度变化在115～250℃之间;巨晶块状萤石矿石和石英脉型萤石矿石包裹体温度集中在135～170℃之间。萤石矿床流体包裹体以低盐度成矿流体为主。成矿过程中起作用的成矿流体为KCl-H2O体系和CO2-CaF2-H2O体系,成矿溶液的离子类型属K+-Ca2+-HCO--F-型,KCl-H2O体系反映岩浆期后热液作用的结果,而CO2-CaF2-H2O体系可能反映了寒武纪矿源层成矿体系。通过包裹体研究,认为八面山萤石矿床是受地层-岩体-层间断裂共同控制"三位一体"的热液成因矿床。     

雪峰山铲子坪金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

湘西雪峰山地区分布着众多的金、钨、锑矿床(点)是湘西-鄂西多金属成矿带的重要组成部分,铲子坪大型金矿床是其中颇具代表性矿床之一。文章对铲子坪金矿床主成矿阶段石英中的流体包裹体进行了系统的研究。结果表明,该矿床内流体包裹体主要为气液两相,存在少量纯气相和纯液相包裹体。成矿流体均一温度主要集中在160~220℃和280~360℃两个区间,盐度集中8%~11%NaCleqv,密度集中在0.62~1.00 g/cm3,成矿流体主要为一种中高温、低盐度的Na Cl-H2O体系,成矿环境为低压(39.4~98.9 MPa)中成(3.9~8.2 km)环境。流体包裹体气相成分以H2O为主,次为CO2;液相组分中,阳离子以Na+和Ca2+为主,阴离子以SO2-4和Cl-为主,属Cl--SO2-4-Ca2+-Na+型水化学类型。流体包裹体H和O同位素研究表明,岩浆水和变质水是成矿流体的主要来源,在成硫后期有大气降水的掺入,成矿流体具混合流体特征。成矿作用阶段,矿区内构造破碎带为含矿热液集中和金的沉淀提供了良好的容矿构造场所,印支期的岩浆热液活动占主导作用。铲子坪金矿的成因类型为中高温岩浆热液型。     

胶东乳山脉状金矿床成矿流体性质与演化

位于胶东牟平-乳山金矿带中部的乳山金矿(原称金青顶金矿)是目前我国单脉金储量最大的矿床,金主要产于黄铁矿和多金属硫化物石英脉/细脉中。流体包裹体研究表明,乳山金矿不同蚀变带岩石和各成矿阶段金矿石中的流体包裹体有两种类型:CO_2～H_2O 包裹体和水溶液包裹体。钾长石化蚀变岩、黄铁绢英岩和弱蚀变花岗岩的石英中含有丰富的 CO_2-H_2O 包裹体,而黄铁矿石英脉和多金属硫化物石英脉中 CO_2-H_2O 包裹体数量逐渐减少,以富水的 CO_2-H_2O 两相包裹体和水溶液包裹体为主。显微测温结果显示,弱蚀变花岗岩、钾长石化岩石和黄铁绢英岩石英中的 CO_2-H_2O 包裹体的均一温度范围为236～377℃;而黄铁矿和多金属硫化物石英包裹体的均一温度为170～324℃。成矿早期流体为富含挥发份(X_(CO_2)高达0.53)、中低盐度(3.33～10.48 wt% NaCl)的流体,到主成矿期逐渐演化为以含较低的 CO_2的富水流体(X_(CO_2)为0.01～0.05) 和水溶液流体,盐度为1.23～12.55Wt% NaCl。金和硫化物(尤其是黄铁矿)紧密共生,说明金主要以金硫络合物形式被搬运,CO_2包裹体的广泛存在则表明其对成矿流体的 pH 变化起着重要的抑制作用。水/岩反应、温度下降和压力降低引起的流体不混溶可能是乳山金矿金沉淀成矿的主要原因。     

滇黔桂三角地区锑矿床流体包裹体研究

通过对滇黔桂三角地区四个代表性锑矿床中矿物流体包裹体特征、相变行为的系统观察和测定，以及对包裹体气液相成分的分析，获得了本区两种类型锑矿床成矿过程中成矿流体的温度、盐度、密度、流体成分、成矿压力、矿化深度及pH、fo2、还原参数等成矿的物理化学参数。结果表明：本区锑矿床成矿流体以NaCl－H2O体系为主，中—弱碱性，中—低盐度，主成矿期成矿温度峰值为150～200℃。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861