闽江口拦门沙砂体的演变及其沉积年代

本文介绍了闽江口拦门沙砂体的~(14)C年代、沉积速率、堆积趋势及其变化,从历史的演变规律推测现代闽江口拦门沙砂体堆积的可能发展趋势,指出航道整治的重点地段。     

闽江口悬浮泥沙动态分区的遥感分析

本文应用卫星遥感原理,结合丰富的地面资料,对闽江口悬浮泥沙动态分区进行研究,结果表明:闽江口悬浮泥沙动态可划分为4区:①悬沙输移区;②悬沙扩散冲淤区;③悬沙扩散沉降区;④悬沙漂移区。闽江口内、外拦门沙处于悬沙扩散冲淤区内,地形地貌背景、水动力条件和泥沙动态复杂多变。     

闽江口水域浑浊带划分的遥感分析

本文以10幅1975～1987年闽江口表层悬浮泥沙遥感定量分布圈为主要依据,对闽江口浑浊带进行划分。结果表明,它可划分为高浑浊带、中浑浊带(变化浑浊带)和低浑浊带,反映了潮控河口表层悬浮泥沙依潮相的周期性变化、随潮位的瞬时变化、受控于径流作用的季节性变化以及波浪效应、近海水系牵动和水下地形制约的含量变化。闽江口内、外拦门沙主体处于变化浑浊带,水体中的泥沙负载常显现“不饱和”状态,为拦门沙的治理提供了有利的条件。     

中国主要河口拦门沙的研究进展

河口拦门沙常处在河流入海的咽喉部位 ,是海陆相互作用的产物 ,也是河口水沙与河床作用最剧烈的地带 ,曾经引起众多学者的广泛关注。由于河道突变 ,拦门沙因水浅给河流水运和海运事业的发展以及通海航槽建设带来了极大的影响 ;此外 ,由于拦门沙水域特殊的理化性质 ,使得其在河口地球化学过程和河口生态系统中起着不可替代的作用。所以 ,对于河口拦门沙的研究受到了广泛的重视 ,取得了很大的进展 ,本文对于国内在河口拦门沙研究方面所取得的进展进行评述。１拦门沙发育演变及形态特征拦门沙是河口中主要的地貌单元 ,从６０年代以来 ,我国许多…     

黄河口拦门沙的形成机制

本文根据河口水文泥沙同步观测资料,分析了黄河口拦门沙形成的动力条件和过程,较详细地论证了泥沙在双向动力平衡位置——涨潮上溯流滞流点附近沉积的动力机制.同时阐明了河口沙嘴冲淤变化的情况.其结论可作为黄河口治理的科学依据.     

黄河口拦门沙与盐水楔特征及其演变

黄河口存在一个成型堆积法，称拦门沙。多次实测结果，其长度约３－７ｋｍ同蛋白质水平宽度与河宽相同，横亘于黄河尾闾与海水相连接处。随着河口延伸，拦门沙也向海推移，淤积最多的 部位是前绝急坡区。     

黄河口拦门沙研究动态

拦门沙是径流输沙运移过程中,在河口附近,由于能量释放,河流动力与海洋动力及其泥沙自身重力相互作用,咸淡水混合,发生絮凝而沉降在河口附近的隆起沙体,是海与陆相互作用的产物。河口拦门沙的存在,不但阻碍了黄河的排洪、泄沙和泄凌,而且因其特殊的水沙条件造成河口区河道改道频繁,对航运     

防城港拦门沙航道的泥沙来源及冲淤规律的研究

防城港位于广西壮族自治区的南部,北部弯的顶部,它是我国南方新建的万旽级重要港口。该港在开发过程中遇到的关键问题之一是外航道有拦门沙,水深只有3.2m,拦门沙开挖以后是否会出现泥沙淤积影响正常通航，对此必须作出科学预测。中国科学院海洋研究所受交通部委托,与交通部广州航道局和广西交通局勘察设计院等单位协作,于1974年至1978年进行了系统的调查研究,并先后提出了《踏勘报告》和《调査研究报告》。根据我们对地质地貌的历史演变、泥沙来源及泥沙运动规律的研究，推测拦门沙开挖后泥沙洄淤量不大,开发前景良好,为该港的建设提供了科学依据。经过将近三年的实践检验,结论基本上符合事实。本文即是在上述报告的基础上撰写的。     

闽江口拦门沙整治工程建议

本文根据闽江口内、外拦门沙悬沙动态相关分析的基本结论,提出成套的整治工程建议包括壶江锁坝、五虎-川石锁坝、川石顺坝和梅花顺坝,文中记述各项工程的主要机制和具体的工程效益,供设计部门参考。     

闽江口入海悬沙输运的数值模拟

闽江河口位于福建省东部,本文利用欧拉-拉格朗日差分方法模拟闽江口及附近海域在不同径流下的潮流场,并建立拉格朗日水质点跟踪方法近似模拟了悬沙在海域中的迁移过程．水质点运动轨迹计算结果表明,闽江口悬沙在外海主要向南方或东南方输运,其轨迹呈现螺旋线．在洪峰流量下,悬沙运移距离较远．     

厦门嵩屿附近水域洪水期悬浮泥沙活动的特征

本文根据1984～1986年5次水文泥沙观测资料,研究了福建厦门嵩屿附近水域洪水期悬浮泥沙对河口三角洲和厦门西港东渡以南海域的淤积作用。     

辽东湾绥中海岸演变及悬沙分布特征的遥感分析

本文利用辽东湾绥中地区22个年度(1975～1997年)的多时相卫星资料,分析绥中海岸自芷锚湾至狗河口约30km岸线的动态特征、近岸泥沙运动特点和悬浮泥沙的分布状况。所得结果表明,该段海岸近期处于相对稳定状态,近岸悬浮泥沙浓度较小,一般在10～50mg／L范围,是建设大中型海港码头的可选优良岸段。此外,通过遥感图象处理并结合现场调查,分析了近期近岸输沙特征和已建码头突堤堤根岸线淤涨特征,指出绥中沿岸输沙的主要方向是自西向东。     

Response of excised gill tissue from the New Zealand scallop Pecten novaezelandiae to suspended silt

The role of turbidity in scallop mortality was investigated for two size classes of Pecten novaezelandiae (70 ± 2 mm and 20 ± 1 mm shell height), by using the “crawl” velocity of excised pieces of gill tissue as an indicator of the response to suspended silt. The crawl velocity of 3 × 5 mm pieces of gill tissue was measured in six different silt concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3. 0.5% silt, by dry weight) and two size classes (< 10 μm and 10–30 um) of silt. Results of the study indicate that juvenile (20 mm shell height) scallops may be less tolerant of suspended silt than larger (70 mm shell height) scallops and that both size classes may be less tolerant of fine (< 10 μm) silt/clay sized particles than coarse (10–30 μm) particles. These conclusions are supported in part by data from the mortality of whole 20 mm scallops exposed to two size classes (< 10 μm and 10–30 μm) and three concentrations (0.05, 0.3, 0.6%, by dry weight) of silt. Increasing concentrations and decreasing particle size of the suspended silt resulted in reduced gill piece crawl velocity and an increase in the mortality rate of the whole scallops. These results suggest controls on human‐induced disturbance of bottom sediments, such as bottom trawling and dredging, may benefit any further scallop bed enhancement programmes by the avoidance of deterioration in water quality and mechanical damage to scallop spat.     

Delineating suspended sediment concentration patterns in surface waters of the Changjiang Estuary by remote sensing analysis

Three Landsat TM imageries (taken on 18 May 1987, 4 August 1998 and 28 July 2007) were used as the data source to identify the spatial and temporal variations of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in surface waters of the Changjiang Estuary. Atmospheric correction was carried out to determine the water-leaving reflectance using the FLAASH module. A regression equation between surveyed SSC and suspended sediment index was chosen to retrieve the SSC from the Landsat TM images. In addition, tidal harmonic analysis was performed to calculate tidal conditions corresponding to the acquisition time of satellite images. The results show that the SSC spatial patterns are similar to the in situ observation results, which show the highest SSC in the region of turbidity maximum zone in the Changjiang Estuary. For the period of 1987 to 2007, the SSC pattern is controlled mainly by tidal dynamic conditions and wind speeds, rather than sediment discharges from the river.     

悬浮泥沙浓度遥感反演模型研究

对实验室固定粒径的悬浮泥沙水体的反射率光谱特征进行了分析,选取反射率的敏感波段,建立了遥感反射率和悬浮泥沙浓度的遥感反演模型;同时,又利用野外现场实测的光谱反射率和悬浮泥沙中值粒径,建立受粒径影响的悬浮泥沙浓度反演模型。结果表明,主成分模型的反演效果最好,其次是幂指数模型,而线性模型的反演效果较差。     

Quantitative application study on remote sensing of suspended sediment

Quantitative application on remote sensing of suspended sediment is an important aspect of the engineering application of remote sensing study.In this paper,the Xiamen Bay is chosen as the study area.Eleven different phases of the remote sensing data are selected to establish a quantitative remote sensing model to map suspended sediment by using remote sensing images and the quasi-synchronous measured sediment data.Based on empirical statistics developed are the conversion models between instantaneous suspended sediment concentration and tidally-averaged suspended sediment concentration as well as the conversion models between surface layer suspended sediment concentration and the depth-averaged suspended sediment concentration.On this basis,the quantitative application integrated model on remote sensing of suspended sediment is developed.By using this model as well as multi-temporal remote sensing images,multi-year averaged suspended sediment concentration of the Xiamen Bay are predicted.The comparison between model prediction and observed data shows that the multi-year averaged suspended sediment concentration of studied sites as well as the concentration difference of neighboring sites can be well predicted by the remote sensing model with an error rate of 21.61% or less,which can satisfy the engineering requirements of channel deposition calculation.     

基于遥感光谱反射率反演黄河口海域Ⅱ类水体悬浮泥沙浓度模型

依据黄河口海域含沙水体野外实测光谱反射率为参考实验数据,结合水体表面光谱观测数据建立了经验回归模型,从而定量估测黄河口海域水体表层悬浮泥沙质量浓度,最终得出黄河口海域不同年份水体的悬浮泥沙质量浓度图,这对分析河口海岸带冲淤变化过程具有重要的意义。