Optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality

Optimizing rural settlements is an important measure to cope with rural decline, and improve the quality of rural life and attractions. This study introduces the “life quality theory”. Based on the mechanisms governing the interactions between rural settlement space and life quality, this study examines how to optimize the spatial organization of rural settlements. Three aspects are evaluated – the integration of rural settlement spatial functions, optimization of spatial structure, and regulation of spatial scale – with the objective of building an optimization mode and framework for the spatial organization of rural settlements with high life quality. Our results suggest the following: (1) The settlement is the spatial carrier of life quality, which is an essential settlement component, and these two aspects influence and improve each other. Therefore, reasonable rural settlement space is an important precondition for higher life quality. (2) The spatial function types of rural settlements can be divided into those that maintain livelihoods, develop industry, and upgrade life quality. Optimizing spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality requires promoting the maintenance of livelihood, integration of industrial development, and implantation in quality improvement. (3) There are two important components of optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements. One is promoting the organic concentration of living, agricultural, and industrial spaces, the reasonable distribution of social intercourse, recreational, and services spaces, and the organic balance of living, production, and ecological spaces, so as to reasonably optimize the combination of internal spatial types in settlements. The other is forming a functional structure level of a “comprehensive village–featured village” and building spatial organization settlement modes connected by rural roads by relocating and adjusting the function of villages. These changes would require the destruction of underdeveloped villages, retaining normal villages, enlarging important villages, and constructing new villages. (4) As an ideal mode for optimizing rural settlements space based on life quality, the Rural Road-Oriented Development Model (RROD model) should be built at a rational scale for unit settlement and distance between settlements, leading to a fully functional RROD system with rational structure, auxiliary facility, and well-organized distribution.     

经济发达地区乡村聚落用地模式演变——以无锡市惠山区为例

基于空间形态与功能结构视角,运用空间分析和参与式评估方法,利用聚落用地现状与多时相遥感影像数据,分析经济发达地区乡村聚落用地格局与功能演变特征,总结不同类型村域聚落用地演变模式,从制度变迁视角讨论演变机制与调控路径。结果表明：1980年代以来聚落用地增长近1倍,扩张强度先增后减,呈倒“U”型变化,但集聚分布的格局并未改变;工业、旅游住宿、商贸服务等非居住用地快速增长,以居住为主的用地模式逐步转向居住—工业—旅游—商服多元复合型的用地模式。工业和旅游村聚落用地呈“飞地状”拓展,用地功能多元化、形态规则化,农业村聚落延续以居住为主的用地模式和传统形态。制度变迁引导了乡村功能分异,加速了聚落用地类型及功能多样化,可以因地制宜采用“工业城镇、旅游小镇和柔性集中居住”等模式引导聚落用地布局优化。     

江汉平原乡村聚落形态类型及空间体系特征

依据国土空间用地GIS数据及村镇统计数据,采用聚类分析及分形学方法,探索江汉平原乡村聚落空间形态类型及空间体系特征.研究表明,江汉平原因其内部自然环境基质的差异,形成了"二类四型"聚落空间形态:低丘岗地地域,主要是均衡镶嵌型聚落空间形态,可分为高密度(斑块)低丘点状形态及中密度(斑块)岗地团块形态2种亚型,此类聚落形态...     

Mapping abandoned agricultural land in Kyzyl-Orda,Kazakhstan using satellite remote sensing

In many regions worldwide, cropland abandonment is growing, which has strong and known environmental and socio-economic consequences. Yet, spatially explicit information on the spatial pattern of abandonment is sparse, particularly in post-Soviet countries of Central Asia. When thriving reaching for key Millennium Development Goals such as food security and poverty reduction, the issue of cropland abandonment is critical and therefore must be monitored and limited, or land use transformed into an alternative one. Central Asia experienced large changes of its agricultural system after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Land degradation, which started already before independence, and cropland abandonment is growing in extent, but their spatial pattern remains ill-understood. The objective of this study was to map and analyse agricultural land use in the irrigated areas of Kyzyl-Orda, southern Kazakhstan, Central Asia. For mapping land use and identifying abandoned agricultural land, an object-based classification approach was applied. Random forest (RF) and support vector machines (SVM) algorithms permitted classifying Landsat and RapidEye data from 2009 to 2014. Overlaying these maps with information about irrigated land parcels, installed during the Soviet period, allowed indicating abandoned fields. Fusing the results of the two approaches, RF and SVM, resulted in classification accuracies of up to 97%. This was statistically significantly higher than with RF or SVM alone. Through the analysis of the land use trajectories, abandoned agricultural fields and a clear indication of abandoned land were identified on almost 50% of all fields in Kyzyl-Orda with an accuracy of approximately 80%. The outputs of this study may provide valuable information for planners, policy- and decision-makers to support better-informed decision-making like reducing possible environmental impacts of land abandonment, or identifying areas for sustainable intensification or re-cultivation.     

干旱区绿洲农村居民点景观格局演变及机制分析

基于1987年、2002年、2013年三期Landsat TM、ETM+、OLI遥感影像提取研究区农村居民点时空分布信息,利用GIS空间分析、景观指数分析及多元线性回归分析干旱区绿洲农村居民点景观演化特征及驱动机制。研究表明：① 农村居民点集中分布在绿洲内部平原区,其中城市周边及沿河道、道路是居民点空间聚集较明显的区域。② 1987-2013年农村居民点面积增长较形状变化更为显著。新建居民点和旧居民点边界扩张是导致研究区农村居民点面积显著增长主要原因,且在不同时空区域表现出不同的增长方式;居民点形状以矩形和近圆形居多,条带型较少。③ 通过对居民点景观演变机制进行分析,发现城市辐射距离、水源地远近及距离道路远近是影响农村居民点景观变化的首要因素,其次是人口规模,最后才是区域经济的发展。     

近20年屯堡聚落聚集区乡村聚落规模演变——以安顺市西秀区为例

以西秀区2000、2010和2020年乡村聚落斑块为基础数据,运用乡村位序-规模法则、聚落规模等级模型等方法,分析西秀区乡村聚落等级规模分布特征及演变规律,并分析屯堡聚落在该过程的发展变化。结果显示：1）乡村聚落总规模、聚落数量总体上呈增长趋势,3个时段屯堡聚落面积占乡村聚落总面积的比例超过20%;2）西秀区乡村聚落规模分布符合乡村位序-规模法则,拟合优度在0.90以上,负指数分布特征突出,并表现出“首位聚落”和“垂尾”分布特征,2000—2010年乡村聚落规模趋于集中分布,2010—2020年趋于均衡;3）不同等级乡村聚落空间分布位置相对稳定,数量上呈低等级向高等级演变;4）屯堡聚落规模稳定增长,是高位序、高规模等级聚落的重要组成部分,但少部分屯堡聚落位序出现倒退现象。未来应科学规划乡村聚落用地布局,形成合理的乡村聚落等级规模结构,保护屯堡文化,打造区域特色聚落。     

新疆典型绿洲城乡聚落规模体系特征及空间重构 ——以渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为例

随着乡村振兴战略的提出及实施,城乡关系也进入融合发展新时期,厘清典型地域城乡聚落规模体系的演变过程及现状特征并探明其空间重构与优化路径对实现农业农村现代化具有重要的现实意义。本文以新疆塔里木盆地北缘渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲（简称“渭库绿洲”）为例,利用2009—2018年土地利用数据,采用GIS空间分析及位序—规模法则等方法,刻画了渭库绿洲城乡聚落规模体系特征;依据乡村振兴多级目标的理论内涵,探讨了渭库绿洲城乡聚落体系空间重构模式及优化路径。结果表明：① 渭库绿洲城镇村体系建设过程中城镇主导作用较弱,城乡聚落规模总体扩张较快,城乡人口与聚落增长反差较大,乡村人地关系失调特征明显;② 渭库绿洲城乡聚落规模分布整体服从位序—规模法则,零星聚落“摆尾”现象加剧且空间无序扩张特征显著,城乡聚落空间分布特征具有明显的县城、中心乡镇、干渠及道路指向性,但向中心乡镇空间集聚趋势不明显;③ 渭库绿洲城乡聚落规模体系空间重构的首要举措是整治零星斑块,对典型样区设定了3个优化目标并对空间重构路径进行了逻辑解析,提出了5种整治方向。基于乡村振兴多级目标,构建以土地要素流动为关键的空间重构方案,对促进渭库绿洲城乡聚落规模体系结构优化与功能协调、实现乡村振兴具有重要现实意义。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点空间重构——以榆中县为例

农村居民点空间优化研究是进行农村居民点用地空间重构的依据。以兰州市榆中县为例,运用GIS 空间分析能力,计算农村居民点的影响力来划分居民点类型,应用加权Voronoi图的空间分割功能实现宏观上农村居民点的空间重构,确定各搬迁居民点的安置去向,同时计算各个加权Voronoi 图之中的居民点的相对“居住场势”的大小,实现微观上搬迁农户的空间效用增加。结果表明：榆中县共有中心居民点面积6082.60 hm² （1107 个居民点） 占61.25%;Ⅰ类保留型居民点面积2707.55 hm² （4083 个居民点） 占27.26%;Ⅱ类保留型居民点面积235.68 hm² （679 个居民点） 占2.37%;零星居民点面积905.26 hm² （2854 个居民点） 占9.12%。通过加权Voronoi 图的宏观空间分割结合微观的“居住场势”测算,使得居民点空间重构的方案更加合理。     

Mapping and assessing crop diversity in the irrigated Fergana Valley,Uzbekistan

Crop diversity (e.g. the number of agricultural crop types and the level of evenness in area distribution) in the agricultural systems of arid Central Asia has recently been increased mainly to achieve food security of the rural population, however, not throughout the irrigation system. Site-specific factors that promote or hamper crop diversification after the dissolvent of the Soviet Union have hardly been assessed yet. While tapping the potential of remote sensing, the objective was to map and explain spatial patterns of current crop diversity by the example of the irrigated agricultural landscapes of the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. Multi-temporal Landsat and RapidEye satellite data formed the basis for creating annual and multi-annual crop maps for 2010–2012 while using supervised classifications. Applying the Simpson index of diversity (SID) to circular buffers with radii of 1.5 and 5 km elucidated the spatial distribution of crop diversity at both the local and landscape spatial scales. A variable importance analysis, rooted in the conditional forest algorithm, investigated potential environmental and socio-economic drivers of the spatial patterns of crop diversity. Overall accuracy of the annual crop maps ranged from 0.84 to 0.86 whilst the SID varied between 0.1 and 0.85. The findings confirmed the existence of areas under monocultures as well as of crop diverse patches. Higher crop diversity occurred in the more distal parts of the irrigation system and sparsely settled areas, especially due to orchards. In contrast, in water-secure and densely settled areas, cotton-wheat rotations dominated due to the state interventions in crop cultivation. Distances to irrigation infrastructure, settlements and the road network influenced crop diversity the most. Spatial explicit information on crop diversity per se has the potential to support policymaking and spatial planning towards crop diversification. Driver analysis as exemplified at the study region in Uzbekistan can help reaching the declared policy to increase crop diversity throughout the country and even beyond.     

北方农牧交错带农村居民点分布特征及其对土地利用的影响——以科尔沁左翼中旗为例

选取农牧交错带的典型地区--科尔沁左翼中旗作为研究区,对不同海拔、坡度、坡向等要素上农村居民点的分布特征进行了研究,分析农村居民点对农牧交错带内土地利用格局的影响。结果表明:① 居民点主要分布在海拔200 m以下,坡度小于6°的地区以及阴坡上;② 农村居民点对土地利用格局有着直接影响,居民点密度越高的地区,耕地所占比重越大,草地越少;反之,则草地所占比重越大,耕地越少;③ 在牧业区,距离居民点越远,草地比例越小,耕地比例越大,农业区和农牧区则相反。     

The changing patterns of cropland conversion to built-up land in China from 1987 to 2010

Over the past few decades, built-up land in China has increasingly expanded with rapid urbanization, industrialization and rural settlements construction. The expansions encroached upon a large amount of cropland, placing great challenges on national food security. Although the impacts of urban expansion on cropland have been intensively illustrated, few attentions have been paid to differentiating the effects of growing urban areas, rural settlements, and industrial/transportation land. To fill this gap and offer comprehensive implications on framing policies for cropland protection, this study investigates and compares the spatio- temporal patterns of cropland conversion to urban areas, rural settlements, and industrial/ transportation land from 1987 to 2010, based on land use maps interpreted from remote sensing imagery. Five indicators were developed to analyze the impacts of built-up land expansion on cropland in China. We find that 42,822 km² of cropland were converted into built-up land in China, accounting for 43.8% of total cropland loss during 1987–2010. Urban growth showed a greater impact on cropland loss than the expansion of rural settlements and the expansion of industrial/transportation land after 2000. The contribution of rural settlement expansion decreased; however, rural settlement saw the highest percentage of traditional cropland loss which is generally in high quality. The contribution of industrial/transportation land expansion increased dramatically and was mainly distributed in major food production regions. These changes were closely related to the economic restructuring, urban-rural transformation and government policies in China. Future cropland conservation should focus on not only finding a reasonable urbanization mode, but also solving the “hollowing village” problem and balancing the industrial transformations.     

面向乡村振兴的农村居民点用地结构转型研究

农村居民点作为乡村地域功能的空间反映,其内部用地功能结构随着经济社会发展发生剧烈变动,“转型”正成为当前中国农村居民点用地结构发展的主要特征。本文以乡村振兴战略需求为切入点,在阐明农村居民点用地结构转型内涵的基础上,依据“过程-类型-机制-优化”的研究思路系统剖析农村居民点用地结构转型规律,将农村居民点用地结构转型研究与乡村振兴战略需求相结合。研究认为,基于农村居民点内部典型地类间组合关系的演变过程,其转型可划分为外向非农化、内生乡村化和空心衰败化三种类型。城镇化、乡村工业化和以乡村振兴战略为主的农业农村现代化通过改变城乡间人口、土地、资本和技术等要素流动和资源配置效率进而影响着居民点转型的方向和结果;同时,合理、有序的农村居民点用地结构也可为乡村振兴的具体实施提供空间基础。未来应以乡村振兴战略需求为导向,从类型转换、效率提升和制度保障等角度优化居民点用地结构转型,以期在理论上创新和完善农村居民点用地转型与优化的研究范式,实践上为村庄规划和乡村振兴提供科技支撑。     

Simulating the Impacts of the New-type Urbanization Policy on Rural Settlement Changes: A Case Study in Dingzhou,China

To cope with the difficulties of integrating migrant workers into urban life and inefficient land use caused by conventional urbanization, China has proposed a new type of urbanization policy. This policy may have a significant impact on the spatial patterns of rural settlements in China. Exploring this potential impact is conducive to the proposal of scientific plans for the spatial patterns of rural settlements. Therefore, this paper chooses Dingzhou, one of the pilot cities of this new-type urbanization, as the research area to carry out a simulation study on the impact of the new-type urbanization policy. Dingzhou has invested heavily in the new-type urbanization construction in recent years, but the influence of the policy on rural settlements remains unclear. Based on the theoretical framework of previous studies, this paper set up three scenarios, namely “conventional urbanization”, “new-type urbanization”, and “counter-urbanization”. This paper used FLUS (Future Land Use Simulation) Model and various spatial data to simulate the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Dingzhou in 2030 under the different scenarios. By comparing the different scenarios, the impacts of the new-type urbanization policy on the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Dingzhou were evaluated. The results indicated that: (1) From 2000 to 2015, the area of rural settlements in Dingzhou increased by 11.12%. Spatially, the density of rural settlements around the cities and towns increased, and rural settlement areas were mainly converted from cultivated land. Rural settlements were mainly transformed into urban land and cultivated land. (2) The overall simulation accuracy of FLUS was 0.89, so it can be well applied to the simulation of rural settlements. (3) In all three scenarios, rural settlements expanded along their edges, and the closer they were to towns, the more obvious the expansion was. In the counter-urbanization scenario, the change of rural settlements was most dramatic. (4) The new-type urbanization policy makes the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Dingzhou more stable and more intensive.     

大都市区农村土地非农化空间特征及机理——以广州市为例

随着国家对“三农”问题的关注以及新型城镇化、城乡统筹、新农村建设等一系列重大战略决策的提出,农村聚落的内容再次成为地理学的研究热点。大都市区作为快速城镇化和生产生活要素集聚的重点区域,其农村聚落的用地变化快速且复杂,成为了农村聚落研究的重要内容。本文利用农村土地非农化指数,将2013年广州市农村聚落分为农耕型农村聚落、非农化起步型农村聚落、非农化发展型农村聚落、非农化主导型农村聚落、非农化型农村聚落五种。结合GIS空间分析,对广州市农村土地非农化空间结构进行了研究,得出以下结论：①从市域角度,农村聚落土地非农化总体呈现出围绕大都市内核随距离增加而衰减,由外向内农村聚落土地非农化程度逐步升高。②从各区层面,农村土地非农化程度受副中心城镇化发展水平影响显著,近郊区域呈现面状圈层化分布,远郊则表现出沿道路的线状分布特点。③从局部尺度,重大基础设施对周边农村聚落的土地非农化发展有较大拉动作用,导致高土地非农化农村聚落点状出现。随后采用多元线性回归、地理探测器等方法,确定村内路网密度、与主城距离、流动人口、村集体收入、村民人均收入为影响农村土地非农化水平的主要因素,并在此基础上初步分析各因子对大都市区农村聚落土地非农化的影响机制。本文对如何利用农村非农化进程促进城市发展、优化调控农村土地利用和规划村庄发展提供一定的借鉴。     

巩义市农村居民点空间格局演变及其影响因素

综合运用GIS 技术、景观指数定量分析方法以及空间统计方法,分析河南省巩义市1990-2010 年农村居民点规模结构、空间分布、形态结构的演变特征,探索地形因素、区位因素以及社会经济因素对农村居民点发展变化的影响。结果表明：在快速城镇化背景下,巩义市农村居民点规模扩张明显,集约用地程度较低;居民点斑块形态趋于规则,规划管理效果已开始有初步体现;聚落斑块空间分布聚集特征明显,呈现大斑块低密度分布与小斑块高密度分布格局;但巩义市农村聚落近20 年来整体空间格局变化不大,只是局部集中趋势进一步增加,不仅在平原与丘陵地区具有集中趋势,在其之外的经济快速发展地区的集中趋势亦较为明显。居住空间格局变化与自然条件有关,但在时间与空间的微观层面上区位条件、社会经济因素具有更大的影响。本文对农村居民点的空间布局调整具有一定的政策指导意义。     

基于集聚与生态价值组合特征的乡村聚落重构——-以福州山区为例

明确乡村聚落重构模式与方向是统筹城乡协调发展、促进区域乡村振兴的重要环节。本文基于福州山区2015年遥感影像解译数据,划分“三生空间”用地类型,提取乡村聚落斑块,运用核密度估计、生态系统服务价值评价等方法分析其乡村聚落空间分布特征,构建基于集聚与生态价值组合特征的乡村聚落重构方向识别方法和差异化重构思路。结果表明:(1)福州山区乡村聚落空间分布以高生态中密度组合特征区为主,面积216.39 km2,占研究区总面积的29.53%,多集中于乡镇中心、道路和河流沿线,整体集聚与生态价值适中,但西南部乡村聚落生态建设有待加强;(2)运用成本加权距离测算中心区乡村聚落可达性等级,以此作为边界参考,结合集聚与生态价值组合特征,将研究区划分为A^J共10个不同特征的重构范围区;(3)依据各重构范围区表征出不同的集聚与生态价值组合特征,提出了城镇集聚型、中心村建设型、内部协调型和生态保护型等4种乡村聚落重构模式与空间重构方向,并探讨了差异化重构思路。研究结果为福州山区乡村聚落转型发展及城乡融合提供了科学依据和理论基础。     

农户后顾生计来源及其居民点整合研究 ——基于重庆市西部郊区白林村471户农户调查

农户生计资产决定着农户生计方式选择与生计策略行为,作为当前农户主要消费性投资行为的农村居民点建设消费受制于农户所拥有的生计资产量,基于此引导农户的居民点建设消费行为、开展农村居民点整合已成为当前提高农村土地利用效率、改善农户生产生活条件的关键。研究选取重庆市沙坪坝区白林村为样点,采用“PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) +3S”相结合的方法,以地理坐标为标识码,建立农户属性数据与地块的空间数据相链接的“农户-土地”数据库。运用该数据库,构建农户生计资产量化指标体系,量化农户生计资产进行农户分化,剖析不同农户的后顾生计来源及其住居意愿,开展农村居民点整合。结果表明,农户生计资产的配置结构差异明显,8%的农户各项资产产值高于平均水平,23%的农户各项资产产值处于中等水平;以农户拥有的自然资产产值为主辅以其他各项资产产值,将农户划分为农业多样化发展型(16%)、农业专业化发展型(8%)、兼业化发展型(23%)、非农多样化发展型(31%) 和非农专业化发展型(22%) 5 类;根据不同生计来源农户的住居意愿并结合国家与地方发展战略,构建了社区型(非农多样化发展型与非农专业化发展型)、组团型(农业专业化发展型)、块状型(农业多样化发展型) 和带状型(兼业化发展型) 4 种农村居民点整合方式。     

乡村振兴下的聚落研究——来自经济地理学视角

论文首先从人地关系视角分析了乡村问题的背景及乡村振兴的内容逻辑,提出乡村衰退是人地关系调整滞后于社会经济发展进程的结果,乡村振兴最终目的就是调整人地关系以适应社会经济发展新阶段的生产要素价值变化。对乡村振兴地理研究的评述发现,多数关注其战略内容的实施,而对乡村人口重要载体的乡村聚落重视不够。事实上,乡村聚落与乡村振兴的关系密切,乡村聚落是乡村地区人类社会经济活动的集中场所,是乡村人地关系调整的核心和关键抓手,在乡村振兴中起关键作用。而已有的乡村聚落地理研究多聚焦空间变化,并且重实证轻机理,尤其是与乡村振兴相关联的聚落演变机理研究尚无成果问世。最后,基于乡村聚落在乡村振兴中关键作用,提出从人地关系协调出发,加强乡村聚落演变理论、乡村聚落空间结构变化趋势、乡村聚落专业化转型、乡村聚落整治优化及乡村聚落风貌景观等5个方面的研究。     

快速城镇化背景下海岛农村居民点空间演变——以福建海坛岛为例

以平潭综合实验区主岛--海坛岛为研究区,基于 2000、2009 和 2013 年 3 期 SPOT 遥感数据,运用单一土地利用动态度、马尔科夫转移矩阵模型、最近邻点统计量、核密度估计、探索性数据分析和空间“热点”探测方法定量分析海坛岛农村居民点时空分布特征及其演变规律,并从景观生态学角度深入分析农村居民点空间分布特征的影响因素。结果表明：1）2000―2013 年间农村居民点扩张明显,面积共增加 399.69 hm² ,主要转自耕地和林地,后期（2009―2013 年）的增量、增速均比前期（2000―2009 年）大,说明综合实验区的成立对海坛岛农村居民点扩张产生重要影响。2）海坛岛农村居民点扩展主要形式：一是块状扩展,即沿原有斑块向四周蔓延式向外扩展;二是带状扩展,即沿各乡镇的交通干线向两侧或某侧扩展。3）2000、2009 和 2013 年海坛岛农村居民点的空间分布均表现出显著的聚集特征,呈现高密度小规模集聚分布与低密度大规模集聚分布格局,且随时间变化,农村居民点集聚程度不断提高。4）坡度、地形起伏度、道路和河流等景观要素对海坛岛农村居民点的布局有显著影响,农村居民点主要分布在地势平坦、坡度平缓（0~10°）、近水源（距河流＜1 500 m）以及交通便利（距离道路＜500 m）的地方,且扩张趋势明显;反之,农村居民点分布明显较少。     

农村居民点功能演变的微尺度分析——山东省沂水县核桃园村的实证

从微尺度考察农村居民点演变为解决当前农村发展中出现的问题提供了重要视角。构建农村居民点功能演变的分析框架,采用参与式农村评估（PRA）、GIS与遥感影像相结合方法,以山东省沂水县核桃园村为例进行实证。结果表明,农业生产功能一直是农村居民点生产功能的主导,但不同阶段有不同的内容。农业生计主导阶段（1949~1977年）,农户以种植业为主要生计来源,利用庭院及房前屋后种植蔬菜;生计多样化阶段（1978~1999年）,农户生计策略演变为种植、养殖和外出务工相结合,农户在宅基地内修建猪圈养猪,在庭院内散养家禽;生计非农转化阶段（2000~2012年）,农户以种植和外出务工相结合为生计策略,将庭院硬化用来晾晒粮食、猪圈改造为储物间存放粮食和农机具。农村居民点用地一直以宅基地为主导,缺乏非农生产用地;随着生计成果的逐渐丰富,农户对农村居民点生活功能追求不断强化,表现在对住宅建筑材料的优化、居住空间的扩展及旧住宅的翻新。农村居民点内部土地利用结构及其功能承载状况是与农户生计需求相适应的,农村居民点整理应充分尊重这一客观事实。