内蒙古边家大院铅锌银矿地质特征和控矿因素

边家大院矿床成因类型根据目前勘查成果认为是与浅成-超浅成侵入岩(脉)有关的热液型脉状铅锌银矿床,主要矿化产于砂板岩、闪长岩中。平面上成矿元素具有明显的分带性,自西向东有斑岩型锡(钼、铜)矿化→隐爆角砾岩型锌(铅、银)矿化→脉状充填型银(铅、锌)矿化;本文根据矿床地质特征分析,对控矿因素进行了总结,认为隐伏的石英斑岩脉(体)是本矿床成矿热源中心,也是成矿流体的主要来源;脉状铅锌银矿体受低次序密集裂隙(断裂)带的控制,并与岩脉、岩脉群密切相关,以脉状充填形式产于其中。     

蒙古国哈茨维奇铜矿矿化特征及找矿前景

蒙古国哈茨维奇铜矿位于蒙古南戈壁铜成矿带,分南北2个矿段。矿化主要发育在斑岩体内部,其次在斑岩体与围岩的接触带。矿化受NE向F2、F4两组断裂控制,含矿岩性为花岗闪长斑岩,容矿构造为构造裂隙;围岩蚀变有钾化、硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、青盘岩化,蚀变具斑岩型铜矿蚀变分带特征。矿床成因类型为斑岩型铜矿床。本文从区域地质背景、矿区矿化特征、物、化探成果资料、深部钻探等多元信息综合分析,认为该矿区具有较好的找矿前景。     

滇中老街子铅-银矿床富碱岩脉岩石学特征、时空结构及其对成矿作用的约束

滇中老街子铅-银矿床位于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩成矿带内的姚安铅多金属成矿区。区内富碱岩脉广泛发育,与构造活动关系密切,按矿物组合主要分为正长斑岩脉、粗面斑岩脉、煌斑岩脉和白榴石斑岩脉。铅-银矿(化)体主要赋存于正长斑岩体内,在粗面斑岩脉上、下盘加富。富碱岩脉受断裂构造控制,主要呈NE向展布,其次为NW向;岩脉(体)间的穿插关系显示侵位顺序为：(粗面岩→)正长斑岩脉(体)→粗面斑岩脉→白榴石斑岩脉→煌斑岩脉。岩石地球化学特征指示,4类富碱岩脉均属钾玄岩系列岩石,形成于俯冲背景下碰撞后的板内拉张环境,主要来源于下地壳,并混入少量地幔组分。由于不同程度的岩浆演化及源区岩浆房内的分带,导致岩浆在逐层上升侵位后,形成不同矿物组合和化学组分的富碱岩脉(体)。对比分析4类富碱岩脉的时空分布及源区特征,结合其与构造、成矿的耦合关系,构建富碱岩脉时空结构模型,为深部及外围找矿预测提供依据。     

青海省枪口南银多金属矿床地质特征、控矿因素及矿床成因

枪口南银多金属矿床地处东昆仑多金属成矿带东段,枪口—哈龙休玛海西-燕山期铁、银、铅、锌、铜、金、钼成矿亚带部分,成矿地质条件优越。枪口南银多金属矿区目前已圈定9条矿化带,21个矿体,主要矿种有金、银、铜、铅、锌、钼等,矿石类型主要为构造热液(脉)型铜铅锌银矿石、构造蚀变岩型金矿石。枪口南矿区构造-岩浆活动强烈,印支期—燕山期构造岩浆活动为矿区成矿提供了热源、成矿物质,区内NE向断裂控制区内金、铜、铅锌等矿体的产出,NW向断裂组控制着区内金、银矿(化)体。NW向断裂组,是区内重要控矿构造;区内中部发现的Ⅳ号含矿斑岩体,具有斑岩型矿床蚀变特征,显示其具有斑岩成矿条件。枪口南银多金属矿床成因有构造热液(脉)型、构造蚀变岩型和斑岩型。     

广东省新兴县都斛铜矿床地质特征与找矿潜力

广东省新兴县都斛铜矿床处于吴川—四会深大断裂的中部边缘带,其铜成矿活动主要受本区燕山期斑岩体和NE向断裂构造双重控制,已发现的脉状铜矿体产状各异,在空间上整体形成一个不规则的环状,单个矿体呈细脉分布在黑云母二长花岗岩中,并具有浸染状矿化分布在花岗闪长斑岩等斑岩型矿床的矿化特征。通过对该矿床成矿地质特征的综合研究,对比粤西地区及国内类似斑岩型矿床的找矿经验,认为都斛铜矿床具有斑岩型矿床地质特征,处于斑岩矿床外围或顶部的脉状矿体带,具有寻找斑岩铜矿的潜力。     

吉林省松树川银矿床地质特征及找矿方向

松树川银矿床产于燕山期闪长玢岩接触部闪长玢岩体内,矿化类型为硅化蚀变破碎带类型,矿体受区内的北东向—北西向断裂及裂隙构造控制,矿床为受次火山作用控制的中—低温热液型独立的银矿床,矿床工业类型为脉状银矿床。     

南岭科学钻探0~2000m地质信息及初步成果

国家深部探测-南岭科学钻探工程(SP-NLSD-1)位于赣南于都县银坑镇,大地构造位置上属于南岭东西向构造-岩浆-成矿带与武夷北东向成矿带的交汇结合部位,是研究重要成矿带地壳结构、深部成矿机制的最佳地区之一。南岭科学钻探于2011.6.25开孔,2013.7.22终孔,总进尺2967.83m,岩心已全部准确归位。课题组建立了矿集区内科学钻探的精细编录方法,建立了岩性、构造、矿化、地球化学、岩石物性等精细剖面。钻孔于1373.71m揭露了区域上控岩控矿的F1推覆构造,其上为青白口系库里组火山碎屑岩地层,其下为二叠系乐平组-车头组-小江边组(栖霞组)海陆交互相地层;揭露了丰富的岩浆活动信息,0~2000m共见29层花岗质岩浆岩脉,主要岩性有流纹斑岩、花岗斑岩、闪长玢岩和花岗闪长斑岩;发现了浅部细脉-网脉-浸染状铅锌铜金银矿化百余处,深部发现了细脉-浸染状钨铋矿化信息,初步实现了南岭科学钻探的预期目标。     

滇中楚雄盆地老街子铅-银矿床镜铁矿特征及地质意义

滇中老街子铅-银矿床位于楚雄盆地中部,金沙江-哀牢山富碱侵入岩带南段,是与富碱火山-岩浆热液密切相关的典型矿床。近年来,矿床深部(2073m中段)新揭露出铁氧化物,显微镜下呈亮白色、蓝灰色,针状、放射状、板状构造。通过X射线微区衍射及电子探针分析,确认其为镜铁矿,产出方式有两种:①呈密集星点状,平行岩脉具定向排列,充填于灰紫色黑云母正长斑岩脉长石溶蚀孔洞中;②呈斑点状,分布于岩脉东侧肉红色正长斑岩中,沿岩石裂隙矿化增强。岩脉两侧金属矿物组合差异(方铅矿+黄铁矿+铜氧化物→黄铁矿+铜氧化物+镜铁矿)及正长斑岩颜色差异(灰白→肉红色),与岩脉的侵位密切相关,是构造-岩浆(流体)-蚀变耦合作用的结果。与白马苴金(铜)矿床中镜铁矿对比研究,认为老街子矿床深部镜铁矿对金矿化具有找矿指示意义。相对于星点状、斑点状镜铁矿,呈脉状、网脉状及岩脉内镜铁矿的V2O5、Ti O2含量更高,指示老街子矿床2073m以深可能存在更具规模的脉状镜铁矿。镜铁矿出露位置Cu含量显著增高,局部超过工业品位,达2. 05%,并出现Mo异常(最高含量达0. 11%)、Au异常(最高含量达0. 585g/t),呈现出浅部Pb-Ag矿化和深部Cu-Mo-Au矿化的结构特征,指示深部有斑岩型铜、钼、金的找矿潜力。     

西藏那曲县尤卡朗铅银矿床地质特征及成因分析

西藏那曲县尤卡朗铅银矿床位于当雄-嘉黎铅银多金属成矿带中部,含矿地层为中-上休罗统拉贡塘组,含矿岩性为滨浅海相复理石建造。矿体受NE向断裂控制,与地层和构造关系密切。成矿机制为深部基性—超基性岩浆热液在运移过程中革取围岩中的成矿物质,在NE向断裂构造带富集成矿。     

湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿NNW向构造的识别及其找矿意义

湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿床属岩浆期后热液型矿床,近年来由于危机矿山深部找矿项目取得重大找矿进展而引起各方关注。矿床经历了多期构造活动,包括NNE向、近NE向和NNW向,但以往一直将NNE向作为控岩控矿构造。系统的地质调查及岩体对比发现,NNE向断裂为成矿前逆冲构造,控制区内的褶皱与石英斑岩的侵入,并在成矿期继续活动。NNW向构造控制了矿区内花岗斑岩(301#、304#)的侵入以及矽卡岩及其相关的钨钼矿、铅锌矿的成矿。铅锌矿体受NNW与NNE向断裂的联合控制,常呈"S"型、或两组断裂交汇处的不规则脉状。矿化以NNW向花岗斑岩为中心形成分带,矽卡岩型钨钼矿化分布于花岗斑岩体边部,铅锌矿体分布于外侧。NNW向控矿构造的认识揭示出黄沙坪矿床301#花岗斑岩体及其东南部深部地区将是重要的找矿方向;同时,301#-304#岩体构成的NW构造线两侧,具有进一步寻找小型铅锌矿体的条件,这些矿体主要位于NNE与NNW向断裂的交汇部位。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.