钻杆接头材料35CrMo硫氮复合处理层的干摩擦学性能研究

应用离子渗氮与离子渗硫技术,在钻杆接头材料35CrMo钢表面制备了硫氮复合处理层。采用M-200环块磨损试验机,对比研究了原始渗氮表面与硫氮复合表面在干摩擦条件下的抗磨损性能。结果表明,在干摩擦的条件下,由于摩擦副的接触表面缺乏润滑,硬度较高的渗氮层会加剧接触表面的磨损。而硫氮复合处理层由于在表面存在一层硫化亚铁固体润滑层,在磨损过程中可以起到一定的润滑作用,因此其在干摩擦条件下具备更好的抗磨损性能。     

S75绳索取心钻杆脱扣原因浅析

钻杆因频繁扭卸和钻进过程中各种复杂因素的影响,钻杆折断和脱扣事故时有发生.例如,我们在某矿区施工,平均孔深200～300m,有7个钻孔共发生脱扣事故50次,处理事故时间72.33h,折合0.1台月.施工区的岩石可钻性平均在X级以上.钻杆脱扣的原因,主要是螺纹部分加工精度不够,耐磨性差;螺纹齿高(0.75mm)缩小;螺纹付的密封性不够理想,冲洗液和岩屑易进入其间,加剧了螺纹付的磨损.另外,起下钻过程中,由于操作不当或钢丝绳     

科学超深井钻探铝合金钻杆的腐蚀失效分析

针对铝合金钻杆在复杂的超深井钻井工程服役条件,分析了铝合金钻杆腐蚀行为的主要外在钻井工程因素,并进行了松辽盆地资源与环境深部钻探“松科二井”铝合金钻杆工程试样腐蚀程度的测试与分析。分析结果表明：钻杆结构、磨损与应力、钻井液介质、井内高温高压是其产生腐蚀的主要服役条件因素;铝杆体与钢接头连接处的腐蚀情况最为严重,铝杆体次之,加厚端部分耐蚀性最好;腐蚀产物的主要成分是Al2O3和Al(OH)3相。     

地质钻探高强度铝合金钻杆研制及其应用

铝合金钻杆的设计制造技术属高新技术范畴,世界上只有俄罗斯、美国等少数发达国家能够批量生产。简要介绍了我国地质钻探用铝合金管材研制、铝合金钻杆制造关键技术及野外试验情况,并对今后铝合金钻杆的研发和应用方向提出了建议。项目工作成果对今后我国开发特深孔铝合金绳索取心钻杆和超深孔铝合金钻杆具有重要价值。安徽彭桥煤矿区的铝合金钻杆钻探试验最大孔深超过1000 m,应用效果良好,开辟了我国地质钻探铝合金钻杆在中深孔应用的先河。     

渗硼技术用于钻杆接头表面硬化的试验研究

钻探接头的耐磨性多年来一直是钻探工具中一个重要的研究课题,且已取得较大进展.但所采取的表面强化及硬化措施,比如高频表面淬火、镀铬、离子氮化等,都不同程度地存在着工艺复杂、成本高、效果差等缺点.以钻杆接头常用材料40Cr为试验材料,对其经粉末固体渗硼后的耐磨性、耐蚀性进行了研究,结果表明,渗硼后其耐磨性提高7倍以上,耐蚀性也有明显提高.     

铝合金钻杆与钢接头可靠连接过盈量的计算及组装工艺

铝合金钻杆具有密度小、比强度高、耐腐蚀性强等优点,但其耐磨性较低。实际使用时,将铝合金钻杆杆体与钢接头组装在一起形成钻杆柱,由钢接头来承受拧卸操作。由于铝合金与钢在弹性模量、热膨胀系数、屈服强度等方面的差异,经常出现连接不可靠的情况。针对饱147 mm ×13 mm的内加厚铝合金钻杆进行过盈量的理论计算,得出满足传递载荷及材料不产生塑性变形的过盈量范围是0.712～1.009 mm。同时对钻杆杆体及钢接头的组装工艺进行介绍。     

用高频电流法使钻杆表面硬化

地质勘探用标准钻杆强度性能的降低主要原因之一是钻杆及其丝扣的表面磨损,分析钻杆报废原因的实际资料表明,约75%的管子拆断是由于过度磨损引起的,因此保持钻杆强度性能和降低其消耗量仍然是迫切需要解决的问题。     

商周青铜文物的腐蚀研究——高放废物处置系统人为类似物研究实例

文章论述了出土商周时代青铜文物的化学成分和结构特征以及样品采集地区的环境条件。研究表明青铜文物随时间而不断腐蚀。腐蚀层至少由两个亚层组成,即氧化物层和碳酸盐亚层。有些样品出现物理腐蚀亚层,即疏松层;有些样品则产出SnO2亚层。青铜腐蚀层的厚度在不同环境条件下发生变化,干旱条件下为50~260μm,潮湿条件下为320~800μm。从天然抗腐蚀观点看,青铜可推荐作为高放废物处置系统废物罐的材料。     

深部钻探铝合金钻杆开发应用

铝合金钻杆具有质量轻、比强度高、钻进深度大等特点,开发并应用铝合金钻杆对提高我国难进入地区钻探施工效率、推动深部科学钻探技术进步以及节能降耗等具有重大现实意义。本文介绍了我国铝合金钻杆批量化、系列化开发与应用的现状,并重点分析了铝合金钻杆应用技术特点、试制关键技术、室内试验和推广应用情况;根据铝合金钻杆的实钻应用情况及研发趋势,提出了我国铝合金钻杆开发的新构想。     

Iolite软件处理LA-ICP-MS线扫描数据适用性研究

LA-ICP-MS分析技术是获取矿物/岩石内部的元素和同位素成分变化的重要手段。在利用该技术对地质样品进行线/面扫描时,仪器输出的初始数据量远远大于点分析,数据的处理和计算是一个关键问题。本文以磷质结核样品为例,阐述了利用Iolite软件进行元素线扫描数据计算的主要过程,包括背景信号的扣除、标准物质信号的拟合、线分析数据的导出等。借助软件自带的分段导出功能,对不同时间和空间分辨率下采集数据得到的结果进行了比较。研究表明Iolite能有效处理线分析数据,分析结果与前人用传统化学全岩法测定得到的元素含量范围相当。对比不同空间分辨率下(10μm、50μm、100μm)获取的数据发现:相对于选用的束斑直径(40μm),在分辨率过小(10μm)或过大(100μm)的条件下获得的数据存在数据波动大以及细节不足等缺陷;而当分辨率(50μm)与选用的束斑直径接近时,数据质量得到最大优化。本研究展示了Iolite软件在处理线扫描数据方面具有很好的应用前景,通过分辨率的选取可实现数据的优化。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861