浑江断裂带及水系的分形特征和构造活动性研究

应用分开有几何学方法对浑江断裂带及水系进行了分形特征研究。计算结果表明，浑江断裂带具有较强的活动性，而且次级NNE向断层比NE和NW向断层活动性更强，结合地震活动属于 质地貌，构造应力场等方面的分析。探讨了该断裂带的活动性及区域新构造运动特征。     

龙门山断裂带北段晚第四纪活动性讨论

在野外考察的基础上 ,结合所采集的各条断裂之上的覆盖物或断层带物质的热释光 (TL)或电子自旋共振 (ESR)样品年龄 ,对龙门山断裂带北段的晚第四纪活动性进行了分析 ,认为 :后山断裂在第四纪早 -中期曾有过活动 ,晚更新世以来已不再活动 ;中央断裂早更新世或前第四纪是活动的 ;前山断裂在白龙江以北变成一些小的、零星分布的断裂 ,它们在第四纪早期以前有过活动。而已有研究表明龙门山断裂带中段和西南段晚第四纪以来仍在活动。造成龙门山断裂带不同段落新活动时代不同的主要原因 ,可能是区域应力场的变化所导致的活动地块边界的变化。龙门山断裂带的北段现在已不构成活动块体的边界 ,加之岷山隆起对龙门山断裂带东北段的屏障作用 ,使得龙门山断裂带北段活动减弱。而龙门山推覆构造带中南段和岷山隆起构造带共同成为块体持续挤压作用的东界。这为研究青藏高原的运动学及动力学等问题提供了重要信息     

龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究

NE向展布于松潘-甘孜造山带与扬子陆块之间的龙门山断裂带,是由后山断裂等4条主干断裂及其控制的冲断构造岩片组成的具前展式发育特点的推覆构造带。它形成于印支运动,此后多次活动,第四纪以来活动强烈,但不同地段活动程度具有明显的非均一性。根据地貌、地质构造、布格重力异常和地震活动等资料的综合分析研究认为:1)以位于虎牙—北川—安县一线的近SN向虎牙断裂和擂东断裂为界划分出断裂带西南段和东北段,其活动性迥然不同,西南段晚更新世以来活动强烈,中小地震频繁;东北段第四纪活动微弱,仅偶有小震分布。2)在青藏高原被挤压隆升和块体侧向滑移的作用下,川青地块向SEE滑动,使它东缘发育的岷山隆起与被其截切的龙门山断裂带西南段一起构成了川青地块东部的活动边界,而龙门山断裂带东北段则被遗弃     

第二松花江断裂带地质特征及第四纪活动性研究

第二松花江断裂带是一条规模较大的北西走向断裂,跨越吉林省全区。该断裂带由4段构成,本文研究了其中的丰满段。卫星影像解译、野外地质调查以及地质雷达探测显示,丰满段由3条平行断裂组成,倾向北东或南西,倾角较陡。野外地质调查和断层泥年代学测定表明,断裂的最新活动时代为中更新世。     

张家口断裂第四纪构造变形与活动性研究

本文根据野外详实资料对张家口断裂的构造变形和活动性进行分析与研究,结果表明:断裂由西、中、东3段组成,各段多由北西向和近东西向2组多条次级断层组成,总体呈北西西走向展布,长达70km,控制着张家口及附近的第四纪构造演化和地貌发育;北西向断层构成断裂的主体,为高角度的逆(或正)走滑断层,近东西向断层较短,表现为正倾滑,第四纪期间2组断层持续活动,以脆性变形为特征;断裂端部段落与北东向断裂交汇,活动性较弱,构造表现不甚清楚,中部段落活动强烈,晚更新世以来单条断层的平均垂直活动速率大于0.07—0.30mm/a,总的垂直活动速率可能达到1.33mm/a。     

利用地震剖面研究夏垫断裂西南段的活动性

地震方法是针对厚覆盖区城市直下型活动断裂的一种不可替代的探测技术,对于不同的探测深度需采用不同的排列长度。为研究夏垫断裂在远离三河-平谷8.0级地震震源区的活动性,我们在该震源区SW方向约30km处开展了中浅层反射地震探测试验,并跨过中浅层地震探测到的夏垫断裂进行了浅层反射地震探测试验。浅层和中浅层地震探测的试验结果表明,在5m道间距的地震剖面上,在200m深度以下夏垫断裂得到了较好的反映,在该深度以上,该断裂反映不明显;在2m道间距的地震剖面上,夏垫断裂错断明显,但剖面上的最浅一组反射波(深度约30m)却没有发生明显错断。由此得出:距1679年三河-平谷8.0级地震震源位置SW方向约30km处,夏垫断裂的活动性减弱     

夏垫断裂带地震地下流体的同震响应研究

地震地下流体已成为一种重要的地震监测手段。 本文分析夏垫断裂带上观测井的同震响应特征, 探讨观测井水位、 水温同震变化对夏垫断裂带的影响机理, 收集和整理布设在夏垫断裂带上的赵各庄井和西集井两口观测井水位和水温同震响应资料, 从响应的地震次数及发震位置、 异常幅度、 时间和形态类型等方面对其响应特征进行分析, 从震中距、 震级和井-含水层岩性等方面探讨了地下流体地震前兆异常的成因。 结果显示, 赵各庄井和西集井水位地震响应能力强于水温, 响应形态以振荡型为主, 对于M_S7.0以上地震具有显著的映震能力。 在水温资料中, 仅有赵各庄井对2008年汶川M_S8.0地震有响应, 响应幅度为0.0129℃。 综合分析认为, 井-含水层岩性影响了两井同震响应形态特征, 远场大地震产生的动态应变导致了较大的水位变幅。     

天景山断裂带前锋区第四纪构造变形及成因分析

通过野外详细填图,发现天景山断裂带走滑运动的前端,存在庙山和红尖山两排笼四纪逆冲断裂、褶皱构造带。     

青岛马山-王哥庄断裂带构造活动性分析

本文从构造地质学、地震学和地球动力学的角度出发,论述了青岛及邻区的地质构造背景,阐述了青岛马山—王哥庄断裂带的构造活动特征,分析了青岛地区的地震活动性.通过分析2003年6月和2004年11月的崂山震群活动特征,进一步确定了马山—王哥庄断裂带的构造活动性.受来自南黄海的区域构造应力作用,该断裂带尤其是其东南段表现出较强的构造活动性,具有引发有感乃至中等地震的可能性.     

FAULT ROCKS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE KANGDING-MOXI FAULT ZONE

Mylonite,cataclasite and especially fault rocks subjected to both mylonitization and cata-clasis widely developed along the Kangding-Moxi fault zone.A mylonite zone has formed as a result of ductile shearing in early stage.In later stage brittle fracturing has occurred along this mylonite zone,accompanied by the formation of the present Kangding-Moxi fault zone.Later on,ductile shearing and multiperiods of brittle fracturing occurred along the fault zone.Differential stress magnitude d     

新疆阜康-吉木萨尔断裂带的几何特征与活动性研究

根据详实的野外资料对新疆阜康 -吉木萨尔断裂带的构造几何特征和活动性进行了分析与研究 ,结果表明 :断裂带由东、西两大段组成 ,西段由 4条次级S倾逆断裂左行斜列组成 ,东段由 3条次级S倾逆断裂右行斜列组成 ,总体上呈向北微凸的近EW向展布 ,长达 14 0km ,控制着东天山北缘的第四纪构造演化和地貌发育 ;组成断裂往往是低角度的逆断层 ,与褶皱共生 ,切割深度 5～ 6km ,第四纪晚期多期 (次 )活动 ,以间歇性稳定滑动为特征 ;断裂带端部段落倾角较大 ,活动量较小 ,全新世平均垂直滑动速率为 0 .10～ 0 4 0mm/a ,中部段落以低倾角的推覆为特征 ,活动强烈 ,全新世平均垂直滑动速率达 0 80～ 1 0 0mm/a以上     

高潭—深圳断裂活动性研究

高潭—深圳断裂是广东境内规模巨大的莲花山断裂带的主要组成部分,穿过深圳水库和白盆珠水库,控制并断陷了第三纪红色盆地,多处有热泉出露。据此,不少研究者认为,它有一定程度的新活动。笔者在两个水库区考察了6条剖面并系统采集了断层岩(包括断层泥)样品,应用显微构造分析、石英颗粒表面形貌分析、TL和ESR法进行了变形特征和年龄的分析测定。结果表明,该断裂是在早期形成的规模较大的韧性剪切带(糜棱岩带)的基础上发展起来的,后来有多期脆性断裂活动,最后一次较强烈活动的时间为距今20多万年(中更新世晚期),以后活动强度逐渐减弱。     

牛首山-罗山断裂带的变形特征及其构造意义

牛首山-罗山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘最外侧的一条断裂带,其空间分布、深部结构、运动学特征以及变形机制对研究青藏高原东北角弧形断裂系的形成与演化具有重要意义。文中通过对横穿牛首山-罗山的4条地震反射剖面的解释及断裂带部分地区大比例尺的构造地质填图,发现牛首山-罗山断裂带具有不连续性与分段性。断裂带南段罗山断裂以正花状构造为特征,显示断裂具有右旋走滑性质;中段牛首山东麓断裂可能并不存在,该区以强烈的褶皱变形为特征;北段三关口断裂则以左旋走滑为特征。牛首山-罗山断裂带的这种不连续性和分段性反映了断裂带的不同构造部位在青藏高原向NE方向扩展过程中具有不同的变形样式。     

NEW EVIDENCES FOR LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE YISHU-TANGTOU FAULT,THE TAN-LU FAULT ZONE,AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION

The Tan-Lu Fault Zone(TLFZ), a well-known lithosphere fault zone in eastern China, is a boundary tectonic belt of the secondary block within the North China plate, and its seismic risk has always been a focus problem. Previous studies were primarily conducted on the eastern graben faults of the Yishu segment where there are historical earthquake records, but the faults in western graben have seldom been involved. So, there has been no agreement about the activity of the western graben fault from the previous studies. This paper focuses on the activity of the two buried faults in the western graben along the southern segment of Yishu through combination of shallow seismic reflection profile and composite drilling section exploration. Shallow seismic reflection profile reveals that the Tangwu-Gegou Fault(F₄)only affects the top surface of Suqian Formation, therefore, the fault may be an early Quaternary fault. The Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)has displaced the upper Pleistocene series in the shallow seismic reflection profile, suggesting that the fault may be a late Pleistocene active fault. Drilling was implemented in Caiji Town and Lingcheng Town along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)respectively, and the result shows that the latest activity time of Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)is between(91.2±4.4)ka and(97.0±4.8)ka, therefore, the fault belongs to late Pleistocene active fault. Combined with the latest research on the activity of other faults along TLFZ, both faults in eastern and western graben were active during the late Pleistocene in the southern segment of the Yishu fault zone, however, only the fault in eastern graben was active in the Holocene. This phenomenon is the tectonic response to the subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plate and collision between India and Asian Plate. The two late Quaternary active faults in the Yishu segment of TLFZ are deep faults and present different forms on the surface and in near surface according to studies of deep seismic reflection profile, seismic wave function and seismic relocation. Considering the tectonic structure of the southern segment of Yishu fault zone, the relationship between deep and shallow structures, and the impact of 1668 Tancheng earthquake(M=8(1/2)), the seismogenic ability of moderate-strong earthquake along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)can't be ignored.     

THE ACTIVITY FEATURES OF XIADIAN FAULT ZONE REVEALED BY RONGJIABAO TRENCH AND ITS PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD EVALUATION

The time-dependent probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of the active faults based on the quantitative study of seismo-geology has the vital practical significance for the earthquake prevention and disaster management because it describes the seismic risk of active faults by the probability of an earthquake that increases with time and the predicted magnitude. The Poisson model used in the traditional probabilistic method contradicts with the activity characteristics of the fault, so it cannot be used directly to the potential earthquake risk evaluation of the active fault where the time elapsing from the last great earthquake is relatively short. That is to say, the present Poisson model might overestimate the potential earthquake risk of the Xiadian active fault zone in North China because the elapsed time after the historical M8 earthquake that occurred in 1679 is only 341a. Thus, based on paleoearthquake study and geomorphology survey in the field, as well as integrating the data provided by the previous scientists, this paper reveals two paleo-events occurring on the Xiadian active fault zone. The first event E₁ occurred in 1679 with magnitude M8 and ruptured the surface from Sanhe City of Hebei Province to Pinggu District of Beijing at about 341a BP, and the other happened in (4.89±0.68)ka BP(E₂). Our research also found that the average co-seismic displacement is ~(1.4±0.1)m, and the predicted maximum magnitude of the potential earthquake is 8.0. In addition, the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of great earthquakes for Xiadian active fault zone in the forthcoming 30a is performed based on Poisson model, Brownian time passage model(BPT), stochastic characteristic-slip model(SCS)and NB model to describe time-dependent features of the fault rupture source and its characteristic behavior. The research shows that the probability of strong earthquake in the forthcoming 30a along the Xiadian active fault zone is lower than previously thought, and the seismic hazard level estimated by Poisson model might be overestimated. This result is also helpful for the scientific earthquake potential estimation and earthquake disaster protection of the Xiadian active fault zone, and for the discussion on how to better apply the time-dependent probabilistic methods to the earthquake potential evaluation of active faults in eastern China.     

龙门山断裂带北段第四纪活动的地质地貌证据

以龙门山断裂带北段中的青川断裂、茶坝-林庵寺断裂沿线的地质地貌为研究对象,在青川断裂沿线的土关铺、大安,茶坝-林庵寺断裂上的薛家沟、胡家坝等地,对断裂附近的河流地貌进行了详细的构造地貌制图。龙门山断裂带北段所在地区的河流一般发育5级阶地,T1阶地拔河高度3~5m,为全新世堆积阶地。T2阶地拔河高度10m左右,为晚更新世基座阶地。T3阶地拔河高度一般为30~35m,为晚更新世早期形成的基座阶地。T4阶地拔河高度60~70m,残留的阶地砾石层中花岗岩、砂岩砾石已经被强风化,只保留砾石的形态。T5阶地拔河高度为90m左右,阶地堆积物被剥蚀殆尽。青川断裂、茶坝-林庵寺断裂在河流的T4和T5阶地上形成宽30~180m的断层槽地,深度达8~20m,T4阶地砾石层底面落差达10~15m。T3阶地上不发育断层槽地,或断层两盘的T3阶地拔河高度一致,一些地段断层被T3阶地砾石层覆盖。因此认为,这两条断裂在T3阶地形成之前,T4阶地形成之后有过强烈的活动     

甘孜-玉树断裂带东南段晚第四纪活动性研究

以甘孜-玉树断裂带东南段的地质地貌为研究对象,在遥感解译的基础上,通过对典型地区的详细野外调查和探槽研究对该段晚第四纪活动性进行研究。在断裂沿线的生康乡、仁果乡、错阿乡、日阿乡进行了断错地貌分析和晚第四纪滑动速率计算, 生康区的水平滑动速率为(7.6±0.5)mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a; 仁果区的水平滑动速率为(8.0±0.3)mm/a,垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a; 错阿区的水平滑动速率为(10.3±0.4)mm/a; 日阿区的水平滑动速率为(10.8±0.8)mm/a, 垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a。在仁果乡和错阿乡进行了探槽研究,两处探槽都揭示了多次古地震事件,虽然揭露的断层构造样式有所不同,但总体上都是以走滑为主兼有一定的逆冲分量。综合古地震事件和滑动速率分析表明,甘孜-玉树断裂带东南段晚第四纪尤其是全新世以来活动剧烈。     

FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN SEGMENT OF THE EASTERN BRANCH OF XINYI-LIANJIANG FAULT ZONE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

The NE-trending Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone is a tectonic belt, located in the interior of the Yunkai uplift in the west of Guangdong Province, clamping the Lianjiang synclinorium and consisting of the eastern branch and the western branch. The southwestern segment of the eastern branch of Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone, about 34km long, extends from the north of Guanqiao, through Lianjiang, to the north of Hengshan. However, it is still unclear about whether the segment extends to Jiuzhoujiang alluvial plain or not, which is in the southwest of Hengshan. If it does, what is about its fault activity? According to ‘Catalogue of the Modern Earthquakes of China’, two moderately strong earthquakes with magnitude 6.0 and 6.5 struck the Lianjiang region in 1605 AD. So it is necessary to acquire the knowledge about the activity of the segment fault, which is probably the corresponding seismogenic structure of the two destructive earthquakes. And the study on the fault activity of the segment can boost the research on seismotectonics of moderately strong earthquakes in Southeast China. In order to obtain the understanding of the existence of the buried fault of the southwestern segment, shallow seismic exploration profiles and composite borehole sections have been conducted. The results indicate its existence. Two shallow seismic exploration profiles show that buried depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throw of the buried fault are 60m and 4~7m(L5-1 and L5-2 segment, the Hengshan section), 85m and 5~8m(L5-3 segment), 73m and 3~5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively and all of them suggest the buried fault has offset the base of the Quaternary strata. Two composite borehole sections reveal that the depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throws of the buried segment are about 66m and 7.5m(Hengshan section) and 75m and 5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively. The drilling geological section in Hengshan reveals that the width of the fault could be up to 27m. Chronology data of Quaternary strata in the two drilling sections, obtained by means of electron spin resonance(ESR), suggest that the latest activity age of the buried fault of the southwestern segment is from late of early Pleistocene(Tiantouzai section) to early stage of middle Pleistocene(Hengshan section). Slip rates, obtained by Hengshan section and Tiantouzai section, are 0.1mm/a and 0.013mm/a, respectively. As shown by the fault profile located in a bedrock exposed region in Shajing, there are at least two stages of fault gouge and near-horizontal striation on the fault surface, indicating that the latest activity of the southwestern segment is characterized by strike-slip movement. Chronology data suggest that the age of the gouge formed in the later stage is(348±49) ka.