湍流压对中小质量恒星后期演化的影响(I)湍流压对内部结构和演化的影响

本文研究了２８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙恒星由主序到红巨星和ＡＧＢ星阶段的演化．结果发现,湍流压的存在对质量较大的７Ｍ⊙恒星的内部结构有较大的影响,它将使氢燃烧壳层明显变厚并较早地消失;使恒星中心的温度降低;使ＨＲ图中的演化轨迹向温度降低和光度减小的方向变化;使氢壳层燃烧出现周期性脉动;氦壳层的热脉动周期变短等等．但是,对于质量较小的２８Ｍ⊙恒星,湍流压的效应很微小．     

湍流压对中小质量恒星后期演化的影响：（Ⅰ）湍流压,物态方程及热…

本以恒星结构演化理论中常用的混合程对流理论为基础，给出了湍流压以及考虑湍流压情况下恒星内部物态方程和各热力学量的表达式。在此基础上研究了质量为２．８Ｍ和７Ｍ的恒星由主序演化到红巨星和ＡＧＢ星阶段其湍流压的大小。结果证明，在红巨星和ＡＧＢ阶段，靠近恒星表面区域内湍流压可以达到总压强的３０％。     

湍流压对中小质量恒星后期演化的影响（II）湍流区对内部结构和演化…

本研究了２．８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙恒星由于主序到红巨星和ＡＧＢ星阶段的演化,结果发现,湍流压的存在质量较大的７Ｍ⊙恒星的内部结构有较大的影响,它将使氢燃烧壳屋明显变厚并较早地消失,使恒星中心的温度降低,使ＨＲ图中的演化轨迹向温度降低和光度减小的方向变化,使氢壳层燃烧出现周期性脉动,氦壳层的热脉动周期变短等等。但是,对于质量较小的２．８Ｍ⊙恒星,湍流压的效应很微小。     

湍流压对中小质量恒星后期演化的影响（Ⅲ）红巨星和AGB星产生强？…

本提供了一个判别红巨星和ＡＧＢ星对流外壳中是否会产生动力学非稳定性的条件。根据这个条件和对２．８Ｍ⊙及７Ｍ⊙恒星从主序列到巨星阶段和ＡＧＢ阶段的演化计算,可以证明,湍流压效应是导致红居星和ＡＢＧ星靠近表达区域产生动力学非稳定性,从而造成质向外喷流的原因,并认为它就是造成红巨星和ＡＧＢ星表面温度很低（因而辐射压很低）从而产生强大星风物质损失的物理原因。     

湍流压对中小质量恒星后期演化的影响(Ⅲ)红巨星和AGB星产生强大星风物质损失的机理研究

本文提供了一个判别红巨星和ＡＧＢ星对流外壳中是否会产生动力学非稳定性的条件．根据这个条件和对２８Ｍ及７Ｍ恒星从主序到巨星阶段和ＡＧＢ阶段的演化计算,可以证明,湍流压效应是导致红巨星和ＡＧＢ星靠近表面区域产生动力学非稳定性,从而造成物质向外喷流的原因．并认为它就是造成红巨星和ＡＧＢ星表面温度很低（因而辐射压很低）从而产生强大星风物质损失的物理原因．     

大质量恒星演化的若干问题(英文)

大质量恒星由于其高光度、短寿命和质量损失 ,对星系的积分光谱能量分布和重元素增丰起主导作用 ,从而在研究星系的形成和演化上具有特殊的意义。特别是随着天文设备的长足进展 ,我们可以回溯宇宙演化的历史 ,得到形成初期时星系的观测性质。那时 ,大质量恒星主导星系的辐射性质 ,这更加突出了对大质量恒星进一步了解的迫切性。但是大质量恒星的演化性质相对中小质量恒星而言 ,有很多不确定性。本文通过对比现有恒星模型与实测结果 ,对现有大质量恒星演化理论中存在的几个与对流和质量损失相关的问题进行了评述 ,并对从理论上 ,特别是通过数字模拟方法对这些问题进行诊断提出了展望。     

中等质量恒星星风物质损失的机制

在考虑引力对星风物质损失的制约效果及辐射压与湍流压对其扰动效果的同时,通过引入可压缩流机制,考虑了恒星外壳对流区对星风物质损失的促进作用,从而建立了新的星风物质损失公式.之后,通过对3～5 M_⊙恒星理论模型的星风物质损失率计算,发现:从主序直至中心氦核燃烧结束阶段,新的星风物质损失公式计算所得星风物质损失率与经典星风物质损失公式计算结果几乎一致;而在TP-AGB阶段,应用新的星风物质损失公式计算的恒星模型则不受光度影响产生了持续的较大的星风物质损失,比较符合实际观测结果.     

中等质量恒星在赫罗图中由E-AGB星进入TP-AGB星的分界点

通过对3～10 M_☉恒星在赫罗图上演化轨迹的研究,分析恒星内部氦壳层燃烧峰值处能量、密度、温度、氦壳层表面光度与恒星表面光度比及恒星半径的变化,给出了中等质量恒星由早期AGB星演化至热脉冲AGB星阶段在赫罗图上的分界点,与119颗碳星的观测结果吻合得相当好.同时提出:在恒星演化至该分界点之后,其星风物质损失公式可能需要引入一个与表面光度无关的量以主导超星风的形成.在此基础上,通过对考虑湍流压效应下5 M_☉恒星的结构和演化及星风物质损失率的分析,发现湍流压在热脉冲AGB星阶段对星风物质损失影响较大,从而使得热脉冲AGB星的湍流压不可忽略,进而提出了影响热脉冲AGB星星风物质损失的可能的物理因素.     

恒星辐射不透明度对赫罗图中蓝回绕的影响(英文)

使用不同的恒星辐射不透明度数值 ,对 5至 9个太阳质量恒星的演化模型进行计算 ,来研究辐射不透明度对赫罗图中蓝回绕的影响。结果表明在赫罗图中 ,使用OPAL不透明度值的恒星演化迹中存在着蓝回绕。而且 ,随着辐射不透明度的增加 ,蓝回绕会快速收缩直至消失     

新不透明度下对流超射对大中质量恒星演化的影响

本文采用国际上最新的辐射不透明度表，计算了有对流超射的两颗大中质量星从主序到中心氦燃烧结束阶段的演化，并和经典对流条件下的演化结果进行比较，发现恒星在赫罗图中的演化轨迹，中心氢、氦燃烧寿命，氢壳层源的特性都有明显变化，还注意到中等质量恒星的Tc-ρc关系对是否有对流超射较为敏感，并对这些变化进行了理论分析．     

8M⊙恒星演化过程中湍流应力作用效果的分析

以恒星结构与演化理论中常用的混合程理论为基础，将湍流作用表现出来的宏观应力引入恒星结构与演化模型中的流体静力学平衡方程．通过计算8M⊙恒星从主序星到早期AGB星演化过程中湍流应力梯度与引力的比值来研究湍流作用对恒星演化与结构的影响．结果发现：在核燃烧阶段其比值很小，湍流作用几乎可以忽略；但在RGB和早期AGB演化阶段，发现在恒星外部存在一个湍流应力梯度为引力的几倍到几十倍的很小区域，而该小区域以外的对流区内湍流作用力能达到引力的65％，这些对AGB星的中心温度变化与热脉动发生的时间等恒星结构与演化规律有不同程度的影响．     

The Moments of the Boltzmann Equation for Massless Particles in a Rotating and Slowly Collapsing Neutron Star

In this paper we obtain the Boltzmann equation for massless particles(i.e. photons or neutrinos) when a star is rotating and slowly collapsing and derive its moments from it. Applying the typical metric for a rotating and slowly collapsing neutron star and the diffusion approximation we have solved the moments of the Boltzmann equation to get a useful equation, i.e. which may be used directly to study the properties of temperature for a central region of neutron star. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Softening Effects in the Equation of State and Influence of General Relativity on the Outcome of Stellar Collapse

Hydrodynamical evolution of a collapsing stellar core is followed to test the influence of general relativity and of softening effects in the equation of state. The general relativistic treatment of the collapse does not show any spectacular deviation from the Newtonian treatment. In particular there is no indication within the standard scenario for potential barrier penetration and continued collapse to a black hole. In the case of strong electron capture during the collapse the nuclear matter equation of state is of importance. A softening according to a phase transition below the bounce density is found to reduce the shock strength, but the shock is strong enough to cause the usual blowing-off.     

The Evolution of Advanced Merger(U)LIRGs on the Color-Stellar Mass Diagram

Based on a sample of 79 local advanced merger(adv-merger)(U)LIRGs, we search for evidence of quenching processes by investigating the distributions of star formation history indicators(EW(Hα),EW(Hδ_A) and D_n(4000)) on the NUV-r color-mass and SFR-M_* diagrams. The distributions of EW(Hα)and D_n(4000) on the NUV-r color-mass diagram show clear trends that at a given stellar mass, galaxies with redder NUV-r colors have smaller EW(Hα) and larger D_n(4000). The reddest adv-merger(U)LIRGs close to the green valley mostly have Dn(4000) 1.4. In addition, in the SFR-M_* diagram, as the SFR decreases, the EW(Hα) decreases and the D_n(4000) increases, implying that the adv-merger(U)LIRGs on the star formation main sequence have more evolved stellar populations than those above the main sequence.These results indicate that a fraction of the adv-merger(U)LIRGs have already exhibited signs of fading from the starburst phase and that the NUV-r reddest adv-merger(U)LIRGs are likely at the initial stage of post-starbursts with an age of ~ 1 Gyr, which is consistent with the gas exhaustion time-scales. Therefore,our results offer additional support for the fast evolutionary track from the blue cloud to the red sequence.     

DCMT光电扫描主测微器的设计与研究

DCMT主测微器不同于其它类型的子午环测微器,它具有自校准测定仪器参数的功能。该测微器采用了活动光栅的方案,其优点是能观测近极星和各类准直像;活动光栅另一个显著优点是不同赤纬星几乎可用相同的观测时间.对“V”形光栅的工作原理和误差进行了详细讨论,并给出了一组严格的公式。其系统误差来源有:光栅形状改正、光栅驱动方向相对于光栅的倾斜、光栅驱动方向相对于赤径方向的倾斜、星径曲率改正。     

The Effect of AGN and SNe Feedback on Star Formation, Reionization and the Near Infrared Background

Feedback from supernovae (SNe) and from active galactic nuclei (AGN) accom-panies the history of star formation and galaxy evolution. We present an analytic model to explain how and when the SNe and AGN exert their feedback effects on the star formation and galaxy evolution processes. By using SNe and AGN kinetic feedback mechanisms based on the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model, we explore how these feedback mecha-nisms affect the star formation history (SFH), the Near-Infrared Background (NIRB) flux and the cosmological reionization. We find the values of the feedback strengths, ∈AGN =1.0+0.50.3and ∈SN=0.04+0.02-0.02, can provide a reasonable explanation of most of the observational re-suits, and that the AGN feedback effect on star formation history is quite different from the SNe feedback at high redshifts. Our conclusions manifest quantitatively that these feedback effects decrease star formation rate density (SFRD) and the NIRB flux (in 1.4 - 4.0μm), and postpone the time of completion of the cosmological reionization.     

The family I3υ of the three-dimensional general three-body problem (Parts I and II)

We present the biparametric family I_3υ of symmetric periodic orbits of the three-dimensional general three-body problem, found by numerical continuation of the vertical critical orbit I_3υ of the circular restricted three-body problem. The periodic orbits refer to a suitably chosen rotating frame of reference.