水平定向对接穿越及导向技术研究

水平定向对接穿越技术有效解决了传统水平定向钻进无法完成长距离穿越,以及无法穿越两侧均含砾石等复杂地层的问题。介绍了水平定向对接穿越技术以及该技术在国内外的应用,详细分析了基于三轴加速度计和三轴磁阻传感器的对接穿越导向技术,基于轴向磁铁产生的磁场建立了对接模型。     

磨刀门水道水平定向钻穿越施工技术

磨刀门水道水平定向钻穿越工程于2008年1月13日7：00回拖成功,创造了新的水平定向钻穿越长度世界纪录（2630米）,继钱塘江穿越工程之后,采用世界先进导向孔对接技术再次获得巨大成功。     

长距离复杂地质状况河流穿越技术研究

本文阐述了天然气管道在穿越赣江复杂地质条件下定向钻穿越工程的施工工艺情况,结合施工过程前后对该工程的简要分析、研究,确定施工思路：导向孔对接钻进、双向岩石预扩孔、钻具选配等方案的遴选及风险的防范,为今后类似工程的施工提供一定的参考。     

川气东送管道水阳江穿越工程顺利完工

2008年11月28日凌晨5时30分左右,一根直径为1016毫米的管道,被一台水平定向钻机驯服地从一根套管里拖了出来。这标志着川气东送管道唯一一处采用导向孔对接技术施工的河流穿越工程——水阳江穿越工程顺利完工。     

如东长江超长距离定向钻穿越设计

如东长江定向钻穿越长度3 300m,为管径711mm管道穿越长度的世界之最,穿越地层主要为粉砂、粉质黏土层。由于本工程穿越长度为世界之最,没有相关的设计和施工经验,面临钻杆易断裂、导向孔对接难度大、防腐层易破坏等问题,而且其两岸经济发达,道路和民房、工厂等结构物遍布施工场区周边,回拖场地十分受限,设计新的计算方法和设计思路解决了以上诸多问题,并在施工中成功实施,确保了长达3 300m长江天然气管道穿越工程的顺利完成,可为今后同类型江河定向钻穿越工程的设计和施工提供借鉴与参考。     

河流两岸均含卵石地层的对接穿越施工

本文结合工程实例,详细介绍了对接穿越施工的技术难度和对应的技术措施。     

首次采用激光导向螺旋钻进系统穿越岩石

本文介绍了一种激光导向螺旋钻进系统——威猛AXIS导向钻孔系统,采用该导向钻进系统成功完成了穿越岩石铺管施工,提高了施工效率和质量。     

复杂地质条件下管道定向穿越

本文介绍了天然气管道在复杂地质条件下定向钻穿越工程的施工工艺情况,结合江西天然气定向穿越成功工程实例,分析了复杂地质条件下导向孔钻进、钻具选配、泥浆配比方案等风险的防范,为类似工程的施工提供一定的参考。     

坚硬岩石与松软土层交接地质穿越施工

本文结合工程实例,详细介绍了在坚硬岩石与松软土层交互复杂地质条件下,进行对接穿越施工的技术难点和施工技术方案。     

导向钻进穿越公路铺设煤气管道工程实践

结合工程实例，介绍了采用导向钻进非开挖穿越公路铺设煤气管道的施工设计、施工工艺、施工中遇到的技术难题及解决措施。     

Rare Earth Magnets: Conservation of Energy and the Environment

Rare earth sintered magnets (Nd magnet) have been used in many applications such as computer and industrial equipment, automobile manufacturing and many others. They are highly efficient and reduce energy consumption because of their superior magnetic properties. The element dysprosium (Dy) contained in the Nd magnet is important and indispensable. It improves the stability of the Nd magnet by enhancing the coercive force of its magnetic properties at high temperature. Dy is not so abundant. The rapid growth of the Nd magnet may result in Dy shortage. Exploration for new deposits of Dy is desired.     

高精度磁法测量在龙岩马坑铁矿中的应用

根据高精度磁法测量在龙岩马坑铁矿磁异常的分布情况,圈定测区东南段为规模较大的正负伴生异常,大致以官寮坑—太保林为界,东南为正异常,西北为负异常.走向北东,西南向未闭合.△T磁异常长度大于3 200 m,宽度800～2 300m.通过磁异常反演情况推测地下磁性体呈板状体,埋深在标高-200～-400 m,磁性体厚度约30 m,倾角约30°.经钻孔验证,磁铁矿体出现在标高-200～-400m,视厚度30.68 m.根据地质验证结果,工作区东南部的△T磁异常证实是由地下磁铁矿体所致,从而证实了高精度磁法在寻找磁铁矿床具有较高的应用效果.     

定向钻进技术的发展与应用

定向钻进技术已有近百年的历史,随着的资源钻采井孔深度的不断增加,近几年该技术发展很快。讨论定向钻进技术包括基本内涵与最新拓展,对于更好的理解与推广应用这项技术具有重要意义。论文讨论了定向钻进的定义,概述了钻孔设计、测斜技术、测斜数据计算、测斜数据传输,特别是纠斜新技术的发展如自动垂直与自动导向钻进新技术等。简要介绍了目前定向钻进技术的应用领域与钻孔类型。提出了适用于深部地质钻探的定向钻进全孔轨迹主动控制的概念与实施措施。     

Propagation of a fast magnetoacoustic shock wave in the magnetosphere of an active region

The propagation of a fast magnetoacoustic shock wave the magnetosphere of a solar active region is considered the nonlinear geometrical acoustics approximation. The magnetic field is modeled as a subphotospheric magnetic dipole embedded in the radial field of the quiet corona. The initial parameters of the wave are specified at a spherical surface in the depths of the active region. The wave propagates asymmetrically and is reflected from regions of the strong magnetic field, which results in the radiation of the wave energy predominantly upwards. Substantial gradients in the Alfvén speed facilitate appreciable growth in the wave intensity. Non-linear damping of the wave and divergence of the wave front lead to the opposite effect. Analysis of the joint action of these factors shows that a fast magnetoacoustic perturbation outgoing from an active region can correspond to a shock wave of moderate intensity. This supports the scenario in which the primary source of the coronal wave is an eruptive filament that impulsively expands in the magnetosphere of an active region.     

The physics of “falling curtain” dry magnetic separation

The separation process in a “falling curtain” of particles is investigated in detail. Each particle experiences gravity, air drag and magnetic forces, as well as collisions with other particles. A simple kinetic theory model is used to model these processes and the separation distance between two different minerals is calculated. The maximum throughput of a superconducting magnet can be as high as 10 tons/hour per meter of effective magnet length, with a recovery in excess of 90%.     

永磁力矩电机在油气钻采井下工具中的应用及发展趋势

永磁力矩电机具有转矩密度高、响应速度快、过载能力强、高效节能等优点,是一种有着巨大发展潜力的动力驱动装置,在工业生产和日常生活等诸多领域具有广泛应用前景。针对目前永磁力矩电机在油气钻采井下智能工具中的应用概况及技术需求,首先简要介绍永磁力矩电机的结构组成及工作原理;其次阐述当前永磁力矩电机在油气钻采井下工具领域的应用情况,包括井下智能滑套、井下封隔器、井下配水器和井下防喷器,系统地介绍了各类井下工具的结构特点和永磁力矩电机的驱动特性,总结出永磁力矩电机作为井下工具的动力源,其结构尺寸主要受井下高温高压的密闭封装环境、油管直径和便于传动等因素的限制,在井下工具驱动中还存在永磁力矩电机的磁功率效率低、耐高温高压能力弱、电源可靠性低等主要瓶颈问题;最后基于这些研究现状和瓶颈问题,探讨今后该类电机在油气钻采井下工具领域的主要研究方向及发展趋势,建议开展增大永磁力矩电机单位长度输出力矩、耐高温设计、电源优化、新型永磁体材料研发等方面的研究,以满足井下工况需求,进一步扩大潜在市场。      

SmartMag定向中靶系统工业试验研究

SmartMag定向中靶系统由安装于钻头后部的磁信标、安装于靶井中的磁信号采集探管、地表接口箱和磁信号解析软件等组成,它通过测量磁信标在钻进过程中所产生的动态磁场,从而解析出钻头和靶点之间的相对位置参量,最终引导钻进进入靶区或避让靶区。介绍了SmartMag定向中靶系统在土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿采集卤钻井工程中的工业性入井试验的应用情况。该系统在前期研发中打下了良好的技术基础,因此在首次入井试验中就取得了一次中靶的良好效果。     

基于地面磁信标的水平定向钻进实时定位方法

为提高非开挖水平定向钻进定位的精度和适用范围,提出一种基于地面永磁体信标的定位导向方法,在地面布置Φ50 mm×300 mm永磁体信标,永磁体轴线与水平面平行,利用钻具上安装的由5个三轴磁强计、1个三轴加速度计和1个三轴陀螺仪构成的传感器阵列测量磁信标在钻头附近的磁梯度张量解算钻头的位置.对该定位模型进行仿真实验表明该定位方法在深度和水平方向的定位精度均较高,理论上通过调整磁信标位置、永磁体数量、磁强计精度和基线长度在足够大的钻进深度和距离内保持定位误差小于1%,同时证明在有限钻具空间内基线相对越长,定位精度越高.实测实验表明环境干扰磁场对该方法的影响非常小,具有良好的实际效果.该定位方法满足非开挖水平定向钻进施工时的实时定位导向要求,操作简单,对场地条件要求低,大大提高了水平定向钻进定位的效率和适用范围.      

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987115000791

Since the Tortonian, the geodynamic evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea has been driven by an eastward roll-back of the entire Apennine subduction system, triggering distinct episodes of back-arc basin formation with spots of oceanic crust. Major structural differences are observed between northern and southern portions of the Tyrrhenian Sea, reflecting two distinct evolution stages of the Ionian slab retreat. In the central portion of the Tyrrhenian Sea, the seafloor morphology is characterized by a set of magmatic intrusions and structural highs associated to an Ee W magnetic lineament along the 41 st geographical parallel. The Vercelli seamount represents one example of structural highs correlated to Miocene magmatic episodes along the 41 st parallel zone. In this study, we discuss the results of new high resolution magnetic data and morphological mapping of the Vercelli seamount acquired during the VER2010 cruise. The seamount represents the relict part of a granitic intrusion emplaced during the Tortonian phase of Tyrrhenian rifting. Tectonic and deep-sea erosive processes have jointly modified the seamount structure that can be observed nowadays. Cumulative gradient analysis highlights an asymmetric morphology of the flanks as a result of erosive action of opposite water mass gyres which modelled the southern portion of the seamount. The joint interpretation of magnetic and bathymetric datasets identifies a high magnetized source laying close to the base of the seamount and located in correspondence to a small basin. This structure has been modelled as a post-Tortonian lava sequence emplaced between structural highs in correspondence of Ne S elongated flat sedimentary basin.Modelling of new geophysical data highlights the relationship between crustal setting and magnetic evidences of the central Tyrrhenian Sea, providing a new interpretation of the 41 st magnetic lineament.     

电磁测深与地面磁测数据联合解释

一直以来,对重磁电联合反演的探索不多.试以电磁测深的资料为依据,设计出地质体的地质特征,改变地体质的磁参量以拟合磁测数据,开展电磁测深与地面磁测数据联合解释,求取地质体磁参数,从而达到定性解释地质体岩性的工作目的.