末次冰期陆架古环境新说——《陆架沙漠化》一书评介

末次冰期陆架古环境新说——《陆架沙漠化》一书评介ＳＯＭＥＣＯＭＭＥＮＴＳＯＮ“ＣＯＮＴＩＮＥＮＴＡＬＳＨＥＬＦＤＥＳＥＲＴＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ”——ＡＮＥＷＴＨＥＯＲＹＯＦＣＯＮＴＩＮＥＮＴＡＬＳＨＥＬＦＰＡＬＥＯＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＤＵＲＩＮＧＬＡＳＴ...     

我国环境地质状况及值得重视的若干问题

我国环境地质状况及值得重视的若干问题ＳＩＴＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＣＨＩＮＡ＇ＳＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＧＥＯＬＯＧＹＡＮＤＳＯＭＥＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＴＨＡＴＭＥＲＩＴＡＴＴＥＮＴＩＯＮＳ我国人口众多，地质条件复杂，各种环境地质和灾害地质问题极为突出和严重...     

全国海洋地质科技工作会议在京举行

全国海洋地质科技工作会议在京举行ＴＨＥＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＣＯＮＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＯＮＳＣＩＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＡＮＤＴＥＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＯＦＭＡＲＩＮＥＧＥＯＬＯＧＹＷＡＳＨＥＬＤＩＮＢＥＩＪＩＮＧ地矿部首次组织的“全国海洋地质科技工作会议...     

关于《微体古生物在珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层学研究中的应用》一文的质疑

关于《微体古生物在珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层学研究中的应用》一文的质疑ＳＯＭＥＱＵＥＳＴＩＯＮＳＡＢＯＵＴＴＨＥＡＲＴＩＣＬＥＴＩＴＬＥＤＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＩＣＲＯＰＡＬＥＯＮＴＯＬＯＧＹＴＯＴＨＥＳＥＱＵＥＮＣＥＳＴＲＡＴＩＧＲＡＰＨＩ...     

系统分析在渔业资源、生态环境工程研究中的应用

文章得到相建海、董金海以及邓景耀、李德尚、罗秉 征、唐启升、周名江研究员书面或口头上的帮助，在 此诚表谢意。 中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第２９３５号。ＴＨＥ ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳ ＯＦ ＳＹＳＴＥＭ ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ ＭＥＴＨＯＤＳ ＩＮ ＦＩＳＨＥＲＹＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳ ＳＴＵＤＹ ＡＮＤ ＥＣＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬ ＥＮＶＩＲＯＭＥＮＴＡＬ ＥＮＧＩ－ＮＥＥＲＩＮＧ 系统理论与系统分析应用于渔业资源、生态环境工程始于６０年代，现已成为定量研究渔业资源、生态环境工程必不可少的工具之一，并已为大家普遍接受。…     

答“关于《微体古生物在珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层学研究中的应用》一文的质疑”

答“关于《微体古生物在珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层学研究中的应用》一文的质疑”ＴＨＥＡＮＳＷＥＲＴＯＳＯＭＥＱＵＥＳＴＩＯＮＳＡＢＯＵＴＴＨＥＡＲＴＩＣＬＥＴＩＴＬＥＤＡＰＰＬＩ－ＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＩＣＲＯＰＡＬＥＯＮＴＯＬＯＧＹＴＯＴＨＥＳＥＱＵＥ...     

中韩合作南黄海第四纪地质对比研究之进展

中韩合作南黄海第四纪地质对比研究之进展ＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＯＦＳＩＮＯ－ＫＯＲＥＡＱＵＡＴＥＲＮＡＲＹＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＣＯＲＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＴＨＥＳＯＵＴＨＹＥＬＬＯＷＳＥＡ黄海是典型的冰后期的边缘海，中韩两国共享南黄海陆架。黄海及其陆架对...     

攀登海洋地质科学高峰──记李四光地质科学野外地质工作奖获得者王光宇教授的科学事迹

攀登海洋地质科学高峰──记李四光地质科学野外地质工作奖获得者王光宇教授的科学事迹ＡＭＡＮＤＥＶＯＴＥＤＨＩＭＳＥＬＦＴＯＭＡＲＩＮＥＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＳＸＩＥＮＣＥ地矿部广州海洋地质调查局王光宇教授，１９９３年１０月喜获第三届李四光地质科学野外地质...     

APPENDLX AInertial stability analysis GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

ＡＰＰＥＮＤＬＸＡＩｎｅｒｔｉａｌｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎａｌｙｓｉｓＧＯＶＥＲＮＩＮＧＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＡＮＤＡＮＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＴｏｆｏｃｕｓｏｎｆｉｎｉｔｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｃｈｅｍｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＣｏｒｉｏｌｉｓｔｅｒｍｓ，ｗ...     

《联合国海洋法公约》生效的历史意义

《联合国海洋法公约》生效的历史意义ＨＩＳＴＯＲＩＣＡＬＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＯＦＵＮＩＴＥＤＮＡＴＩＯＮＳＣＯＮＶＥＮＴＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＬＡＷＯＦＴＨＥＳＥＡＢＥＣＯＭＩＮＧＥＦＦＥＣＴＩＶＥ１９８２年４月３０日第三次联合国海洋法会议的第十一期会议...     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Evaluation of the Risk of Marine Slope Instability: A Pseudo-3D Approach for Application to Large Areas

This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.