成都市周年花木生产管护与气象技术应用

通过多年实践,结合近几年多项花木气象技术应用专题研究,总结了成都地区花木生产管护和绿化工程中温室及露地有关气象实用技术.     

玉兰花开的秘密

我喜欢玉兰花,每到一处都会寻找、欣赏它们,有时还会情不自禁地对它们多望几眼。我们爱山小学的校园中栽种着很多玉兰树,这些树便成了我日常关注的花木。今年年初开学时,我参加了学校组织的气象活动小组,这促使我对玉兰树的观察更加细致。乍暖还寒的阳春三月,校园内的棵棵玉兰树梢矗立着朵朵待放的玉兰花苞。我想,     

气象文化教育:气象人才培养的必要环节

气象文化内涵丰富,是气象人在实践中创造的物质和精神成果的结晶,具有显著的育人功能。在气象人才培养中,应切实加强气象文化教育。彰显气象文化育人功能的路径主要为加强气象特色高校的气象文化建设,构建气象行业与高校的联系机制,强化气象文化宣传,推进气象科普教育,促进气象文化与思想政治工作相结合。     

新时代气象科普工作的定位与可持续发展路径研究

气象科普工作是气象事业的重要组成部分,是气象科技创新发展的一翼,是公共气象服务的有效拓展和延伸。气象科普在释放气象服务效益中具有先导性作用。实践证明,没有强有力的宣传科普工作,就没有高质量的气象服务。2018年全国气象科学知识普及率达到77.76%。面对新形势新需求,气象科普工作应继续发展气象科普业务,进一步提升气象科普能力,完善气象科普保障体系建设。     

新时代气象服务分类方法和运行机制研究

根据气象服务产品属性、服务受益对象的覆盖面以及服务产生的效益,将气象服务分为基本公共气象服务、准公共气象服务和非基本气象服务等3类,并对每类气象服务的内容和特点进行了分析。同时,通过梳理政府气象和市场气象、部门气象和社会气象、国家气象和地方气象等新时代气象服务的多维关系,提出了构建市场化的运行机制、社会化的供给机制以及事权化的保障机制等3种机制构成的新时代气象服务分类发展的运行模式,以期对气象服务供给侧改革和气象服务的长远发展提供有益的参考。     

加快公共气象服务平台建设支撑气象科技服务突破发展

本文从公共物品理论出发,分析了气象服务产品的基本属性,阐述了公共气象服务与气象科技服务之间的内在关系,认为气象科技服务是公共气象服务的重要组成部分,发展气象服务科技必须“重视社会化、突出公益性,借助市场化、体现多元性”;结合陕西省公共气象服务平台建设,认为要实现气象科技服务突破发展,必须依托公共气象服务业务发展,突出公共气象服务平台建设,提升气象科技服务能力;加大气象科技的研发力度,丰富气象服务产品的内涵;依靠重大项目和工程的带动,推进气象科技服务的规模发展。     

我国气象服务理论研究综述

气象服务是气象事业的立业之本,气象事业在国民经济中的地位主要是通过气象服务来体现的。文中从气象服务的概念、气象服务的定位、气象服务的属性、气象服务的分类、气象服务运行模式、气象服务效益及其评估等6个方面,对近20年来我国气象服务相关理论的研究进展进行了回顾。总体来说,我国气象服务理论研究还不够深入,学科体系尚未建立,需进一步开展并完善。     

气象科技论文中表格的规范化

气象信息资源是国家的基础性自然资源、战略性经济资源和公共性社会资源。大力提高气象信息产品的质量,提高气象信息服务的能力水平是气象事业的崇高责任。本文通过分析气象信息对经济社会发展的重要意义、影响气象信息传播利用的主要因素等,提出提高气象信息服务水平的对策建议,即不断拓宽气象信息服务领域;开发气象信息资源,增加气象信息产品;提高气象信息服务质量,改善气象信息服务手段。     

征稿简则

《陕西气象》是陕西省气象局、陕西省气象学会主办的,陕西省气象行业唯一的科技期刊。《陕西气象》主要刊登气象科学各分支学科研究论文、技术总结、调查报告;农业遥感、计算机等新技术在气象领域的应用;气象管理软科学;气象预测、专业服务经验交流;气象     

黑龙江省级气象声讯服务现状与发展对策

1气象声讯服务电话的现状黑龙江省省级气象声讯电话服务即12121电话语音答询业务,已经走过十五个年头,气象声讯电话服务主要功能是随时通过电话为公众提供气象信息服务,多年来气象声讯电话为气象防灾减灾、工农业生产、百姓的日常生活提供了可靠及时的气象服务,气象声讯电话已成为气象     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.