Temporal variability of three different macrofauna communities in the northern North Sea

In 1999, 2003 and 2007 macrofauna communities were sampled in three different areas (“Boxes”) of 10 × 10 nautical miles in the northern North Sea in order to study the temporal changes in community structure in relation to changes in temperature or changes in hydrography.     

南黄海夏季大型底栖动物分布现状

2006年夏季(7-8月)在南黄海进行的调查中,共鉴定出192种大型底栖动物,其中多毛类环节动物122种、甲壳动物22种、软体动物33种、棘皮动物8种、其它门类7种,优势种主要为小头虫科(Capitellidae)、掌鳃索沙蚕(Ninopalmate)、圆楔樱蛤(Cadella narutoensis)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)、紫蛇尾(Ophiophplis mirabilis)、安岛反体星虫(Phascolosoma onomichianum)等20多种.大型底栖动物的平均栖息密度为102 ind.·m-2,其中多毛类为57 ind.·m-2、甲壳动物为12 ind.·m-2、软体动物为24 ind.·m-2、棘皮动物为6 ind.·m-2;大型底栖动物的平均湿重生物量为29.30 g·m-2,其中多毛类11.98 g·m-2、甲壳动物2.20 g·m-2、软体动物5.56 g·m-2、棘皮动物4.85 g·m-2.在南黄海西部32°30′～36°00′N的较浅水域,大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量较高,而南黄海中部深水区大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量较低.与2000年夏季调查结果相比,大型底栖动物平均栖息密度偏低,平均生物量相近;与1959年全国海洋综合调查夏季的数据相比平均生物量稍低,但多毛类生物量明显偏大,软体动物生物量偏低.     

Changes in structural and functional diversity of nematode communities during a spring phytoplankton bloom in the southern North Sea

The response of nematode communities to the sedimentation of a spring phytoplankton bloom in a sandy, well-oxygenated sediment at a single station (station 330) in the Southern North Sea was investigated monthly from early March to July 1999. Both structural (nematode density, diversity, vertical distribution and community composition) and functional (feeding type distributions, number of species within feeding groups) characteristics showed considerable changes shortly after the arrival of fresh organic material at the sediment surface. The general increase in numerical densities and diversity was related to changes within the groups of selective deposit-feeding and epistrate-feeding nematodes. It is hypothesised that sedimentation and subsequent remineralisation of fresh organic matter during the spring phytoplankton bloom result in an increase of suitable food items (both living and dead). This, combined with the availability of oxygen, creates conditions in which many nematode species can co-exist.     

Species composition,diversity and density of plagic Ostracoda in the East China Sea

On the basis of seasonal investigations at 23°30'~33°00'N,118°30'~128°00'E of the East China Sea during 1997~2000,dynamics on the density and diversity of Ostracoda was discussed.Results showed that totally 26 species were identified.The Ostracoda diversity was opposite to the change of its density in most seasons which reflected an uneven assignment of Ostracoda density among its different species.The Ostracoda density was 0.70 ind./m3 in spring,1.72 ind./m3 in summer,2.57 ind./m3 in autumn and 0.90 ind./m3 in winter.Euconchoecia chierchiae in spring and winter,Euconchoecia maimai in summer and Cypridina dentata in autumn were main dominant species in each season.The Ostracoda density did not show an obvious linear relationship with the hydrologic factors in summer and autumn,but was related to the surface salinity in spring and the surface temperature in winter.Its high density areas mainly distributed in the north offshore in all the seasons while in the south offshore in winter and in spring,and the south nearshore in summer and autumn,implied the zooplankton was a typical warm water animal,whose high density distribution in autumn were located in a similar position to Todarodes pacificus,Navodon Septentrionalis,Scomber japonicus and other fishes in the sea,so as to be an important indicator for fishing ground.The main species dominating in Ostracoda now are different from the species twenty years ago probably attributes to global warming.     

渤海大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究

于 1997年 6月、1998年 9月和 1999年 4月 3个航次对渤海的大型底栖动物进行了定量研究。在研究海区共采到大型底栖动物 30 6种 ,其中甲壳动物 97种 ,环节动物 95种 ,软体动物 88种 ,棘皮动物 11种 ,其它动物共 15种。其总平均丰度和生物量分别为 2 5 76 ind./m2和4 4 .4 7g/m2。渤海大部海区的总平均生物量在过去十年中可能未发生大的变化。渤海含砂量相对高的生境有较高的动物丰度 ,而在水位较深的水域 ,由于有较高的初级生产量到达底部 ,从而支持着较高的大型底栖动物的生物量。渤海海峡口可能是渤海大型底栖动物生物量的高值区     

The distribution of macrozoobenthos in the southern North Sea in relation to meso-scale bedforms

This study investigates the distribution of macrozoobenthos in relation to meso-scale bedforms in the southern North Sea. Three sites on the Dutch Continental Shelf were sampled that are representative of large areas of the North Sea and show diverse morphological settings. These sites are (i) part of a shoreface-connected ridge, (ii) the lower part of a concave shoreface and (iii) a sandwave area. Within these sites, two or three different morphological units were distinguished. Sampling was undertaken in two seasons for two consecutive years. The species composition was analysed for differences in benthic assemblage within sites, based on the meso-scale morphology, and between sites and seasons. In addition, the benthic assemblage was correlated to water depth, median grain size (D50) and sorting (D60/D10). Results show that significant differences in the benthic assemblage can be found related to meso-scale bedforms, but macro-scale morphological setting and seasonal effects are more important.     

类生物量锥体

对北海鱼类营养级和生物量进行了综合分析,北海鱼类群落中,浮游生物食性、底栖生物食性和游泳生物食性鱼类的平均营养级分别为3.5,3.9和4.5,依次递增,而它们的生物量之比为1∶0.8∶0.4,依次递减,由此发现了一种与生物量锥体相似而又不同的现象,即捕食者与捕食者之间横向的营养级与生物量的负相关关系,作者称之为类生物量锥体。北海的生物量锥体其底部与顶部营养级之比为1∶4,生物量之比为1333∶1;类生物量锥体其底部与顶部营养级之比为3.5∶4.5,生物量之比只有2.36∶1,由此看出类生物量锥体相似于生物量锥体,但又不同于Odum提出的被食者与捕食者之间的纵向关系的生物量锥体,其生物量的变化幅度较生物量锥体为小。类生物量锥体的意义在于可以从鱼类生态类群营养级的高低来推测其生物量的状况。     

渤海大型底栖动物种类组成与群落结构研究

本文利用2008年8月在渤海23个站位采集的样品对大型底栖动物的丰度、生物量、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。共鉴定出大型底栖动物300种,主要类群包括环节动物多毛类、节肢动物甲壳类、软体动物、棘皮动物等。研究海域大型底栖动物的平均丰度为1 094.7ind/m2,平均生物量为11.78g/m2,其中丰度最高区位于辽东湾,最低区位于渤海湾;生物量最高区位于渤海中部,最低区出现在渤海海峡湾口处。依据丰度和生物量进行了CLUSTER聚类和MDS标序图分析,结果可将研究站位划分为6个站组,均与沉积物底质类型密切相关。所研究海域底质类型包括黏土质粉砂、砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂-粉砂-黏土5种。通过BIOENV分析,发现影响大型底栖动物群落结构和分布的主要环境因子有水深、黏土粉砂含量、脱镁叶绿酸含量、叶绿素含量等。与20世纪90年代历史数据的对比发现,本次研究大型底栖动物的物种数目明显减少,平均丰度也减少,特别是优势物种表现出了小型化趋势,传统的大型种类,如心形海胆、双壳类等,被小个体的多毛类和甲壳类所取代。本研究表明渤海近年来受人类活动影响,出现了不同程度的污染,导致大型底栖动物群落结构发生了变化。     

The petroleum geology of the Unst Basin, North Sea

The Unst Basin is situated in the northern North Sea between the East Shetland Basin and the Shetland Isles. The basin is essentially a three-armed, Permo-Triassic fault-controlled basin containing up to 3600 m of red-beds. This is overlain by a westerly thickening Jurassic and early Cretaceous sequence, the stratigraphy of which is very similar to that of the East Shetland Basin. In particular, the Brent Group (140 m), Humber Group (685 m) and Cromer Knoll Group (300 m) are well represented.As a result of Laramide uplift of the area, the thick Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene strata of the East Shetland Basin are absent from the Unst Basin. This uplift resulted in substantial erosion within the Unst Basin providing the major source for Palaeocene sands in the Viking Graben and the Faeroes Basin. Late Palaeocene and younger Tertiary strata transgress westwards across this erosion surface.Petroleum exploration within the basin culminated in the drilling of two exploration wells. These wells encountered potential reservoir and source rocks in the Jurassic section. However, geochemical analyses indicate these source rocks are immature for hydrocarbon generation within the Unst Basin. It is concluded that the Unst Basin has a low petroleum potential.     

Distribution of zooplankton biomass in the southeastern East China Sea

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黄海多毛环节动物多样性及区系的初步研究

多毛环节动物是海洋底栖大型生物群落中最为习见且数量占优势的组成之一,有关其区系分类、生物多样性及地理分布特点一直是该类研究聚焦的领域.综合中国海域多毛环节动物的研究记录,基于对已往分类学报道的核实,系统分析了黄海的多毛类物种多样性特点,提订了黄海278种多毛环节动物的最新名录及地理分布状况,同时对黄海及其他中国海域的多毛环节动物的地理分布特点及区系概况进行了比较和初步探讨.     

Biomass Size Spectra of Near-Shore Shallow-Water Benthic Communities in the Gulf of Gdańsk Southern Baltic Sea

The concept of size spectra, developed by S heldon & P arsons 1967 and S heldon et al. 1972, seeks to describe community structure by evoking the distribution of biomass over a sequence of equal intervals of the logarithm of body size. In this study, biomass size spectra were prepared for benthic macro- and meiobenthos communities at 5 stations, differing in their sediment characteristics, located in the shallow, coastal area of the Gulf of Gdańsk Southern Baltic Sea. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the community spectra would allow distinct separation of ecological categories of the benthos and whether habitat differences between stations would significantly affect benthic size spectra.
Benthic biomass at the stations sampled depended mainly on nematodes and oligochaetes among the meiobenthos and on hydrobiid snails and M. edulis among the macrobenthos. Regardless of habitat, size spectra peaked initially at the meiofaunal range weight class 25 1. 19–501.19 ng C, identical to that reported in other studies. The separation between meio- and macrobenthic peaks, however, was not as pronounced as that found in other studies. Normalized size spectra demonstrated that most of the variations in the spectra between stations was introduced by macrobenthos, which differed between the coarse- and fine-grained sediments. Nonetheless, those differences were not strong enough to significantly affect the spectra. In consequence, the benthic biomass spectra of all the stations were found to conform to a common pattern and could be represented by a single, average spectrum.