钢筋混凝土框架地震破坏研究概述

关于钢筋混凝土结构的破坏过程,是当前建筑抗震设计与研究中提出的新问题,本文介绍了国内外钢筋混凝土构件非线性地震反应分析和破坏过程研究的进展,和钢筋混凝土框架地震破坏评价的定量描述方法,以及钢筋混凝土框架结构地震破坏过程模拟的最新研究动态,指出地震工程研究领域中研究钢筋混凝土框架结构破坏过程有效手段。     

强震作用下混凝土框架结构倒塌过程的数值分析

本文引入机械铰概念解释了钢筋混凝土杆件在地震作用下的失效过程，继而建立了以楼层为基本单位的强梁弱柱型框架结构的倒塌分析模型。并将离散单元法的中心算法一动态松弛法运用到结构倒塌分析模型中，成功地模拟了钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的倒塌全过程反应。     

R.C.框架结构的振动台试验和面向设计的时程分析方法

钢筋混凝土框架结构的弹塑性时程反应分析是抗震设计规范所要求的一项重要内容,但目前还滑有比较简单实用肯计算可靠的方法。本文进行了两个六层钢筋混凝土框架结构模型的地震模拟震动台试验,通过分析试验模型的自振特性、变形形式、加速度反应、位移反应和破坏开矿以及钢筋混凝土框架结构的实际震害,建立了面向设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构弹塑性里程反应分析的计算方法。在这一方法中,对钢筋混凝土框架整体结构采用层间剪切模型,     

框架结构在地震作用下倒塌的离散单元法仿真分析

本文建立了适合框架结构倒塌分析的离散单元模型,并且研究了模型的破坏准则、阻尼等参数确定方法。对框架结构在地震作用下的倒塌全过程进行了数值分析和可视化仿真模拟。算例表明,本文方法是有效的,可以较正确地分析剪切型框架结构的倒塌破坏过程。     

强震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌破坏的三维仿真分析

近年来强烈地震造成的钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌破坏日益受到关注。本文利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件对强震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构,从弹性工作阶段到构件开裂直至倒塌破坏的全过程进行了三维非线性仿真分析,仿真结果与真实倒塌过程吻合较好。证明了框架结构底层抗震能力薄弱,由梁柱连接部位的剪切破坏引起的节点区混凝土碎裂是导致结构倒塌的主要原因。同时也说明通过合理选取计算参数和计算模型,可以成功地再现钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌破坏的全过程,从而发现其在强震作用下的薄弱环节,为揭示框架结构倒塌破坏机理以及提高结构的抗震性能提供理论分析依据。     

耗以支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能研究

本文通过普通钢筋混凝土框架、耗能支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构１／８比例模型的地震模拟震动台对比试验,研究两类框架结构在地震作用下的破坏形态和动力特征,揭示了耗能支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构良好的抗震性能;以试验模型进行了弹塑性时程分析,理论分析和试验结果符合较好;结合场州电厂二期主厂房框架结构,研究了其纵向框架结构采用耗能支撑体系时结构的抗震性能,为该类结构形式的工程应用提供依据。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构地震破坏的研究

本文对钢筋混凝土框架的地震破坏进行了计算机模拟试验研究，指出了破坏过程中结构瞬态动力特性的变化特征，研究了影响瞬态动力特性的若干因素，明晰了结构整体耗能能力的大小与结构周期的延长之间的关系。作者认为结构瞬态动力特性和地震动的特性是影响结构破坏过程的主要因素，指出结构地震破坏模拟具有广阔的应用前景。     

耗能支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能研究

本文通过普通钢筋混凝土框架、耗能支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构１／８比例模型的地震模拟振动台对比试验,研究两类框架结构在地震作用下的破坏形态和动力特征,揭示了耗能支撑钢筋混凝土框架结构良好的抗震性能;对试验模型进行了弹塑性时程分析,理论分析和试验结果符合较好;结合扬州电厂二期主厂房框排架结构,研究了其纵向框架结构采用耗能支撑体系时结构的抗震性能,为该类结构型式的工程应用提供依据     

考虑轴-弯-剪耦合效应的钢筋混凝土柱滞回性能研究

试验研究及震害调查发现:由于配箍不足或箍筋间距过大,地震作用下钢筋混凝土柱易发生剪切破坏,继而发生轴向破坏。采用纤维截面的钢筋混凝土梁柱单元及与之串联的剪切弹簧以及轴向弹簧考虑钢筋混凝土柱的轴-弯-剪耦合效应,其中纤维梁柱单元用于模拟柱的弯曲机制,与梁柱单元串联的剪切弹簧和轴向弹簧用于模拟剪切机制和轴向机制,并利用单轴材料模型中的Limit State Material及其相应的Shear Limit Curve和Axial Limit Curve确定材料的剪切破坏与轴向破坏失效点,最终从单元层次上定义轴-弯-剪耦合效应。为验证该数值模型的合理性,选取不同破坏形式、轴向力与水平循环往复荷载共同作用下拟静力试验的钢筋混凝土柱,借助Open Sees分析软件模拟其滞回性能。模拟结果与试验结果的对比分析表明:考虑轴-弯-剪耦合的串联模型能较好地模拟钢筋混凝土柱的强度、刚度退化及捏拢效应等,且能够反映钢筋混凝土构件在复杂应力条件下的受力性能。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构强震连续倒塌破坏分析

为研究结构在强震作用下的连续倒塌机制,提高建筑抗震性能,对10层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了倒塌模拟,得到其破坏起始点和传递路径并与实际震灾进行对比。研究发现:框架结构设计时应重点加强潜在破坏起始点和传递路径上的抗震能力。强柱弱梁结构真正起到增加结构延性的常是底部几层梁,当其达到耗能极限,底柱便开始破坏,易导致结构整体倒塌。研究结构对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌设计具有参考价值。     

Simulation of damage in RC frames with variable axial forces

The purpose of this paper is to describe how the methods and concepts of continuum damage and fracture mechanics can be applied to the modelling of the hysteretic behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame members under variable axial loads. A frame member is considered as the assemblage of an elastic beam-column and two inelastic hinges, as in conventional nonlinear analysis of RC frames. As a result of the combination of damage mechanics and standard RC theory, a simplified model of damage is proposed and implemented as a finite element (FE). This new element can be used with any non-linear commercial FE program. The numerical simulation of several experiments, for which data were available in the literature, verifies the accuracy of the model. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

C F RP加固震损钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗整体性倒塌能力分析

首先介绍了CFRP加固受损钢筋混凝土柱的数值模拟方法,通过OpenSees软件进行了建模分析,数值模拟结果与试验结果的对比验证了该数值模型的有效性;其次,对一6层钢筋混凝土框架以受极罕遇地震影响进行预损,采用损伤指数和折减系数的方法建立震损钢筋混凝土框架的分析模型,并选择5种不同的CFRP加固方案对其进行加固;最后,对CFRP加固的震损RC框架进行增量动力分析。定量的评价了CFRP加固震损RC框架的抗整体性倒塌能力和抗倒塌安全储备。结果表明:CFRP加固能有效提高震损钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能。加固部位的选择对加固效果的影响很大,在所选用的5种CFRP加固方案中,对底层及第2层的梁柱进行加固的方案对提高震损钢筋混凝土框架的抗整体性倒塌能力效果最佳。     

An efficient performance‐based seismic design method for reinforced concrete frames

In this paper, a practical method is developed for performance‐based design of RC structures subjected to seismic excitations. More efficient design is obtained by redistributing material from strong to weak parts of a structure until a state of uniform deformation or damage prevails. By applying the design algorithm on 5, 10 and 15‐storey RC frames, the efficiency of the proposed method is initially demonstrated for specific synthetic and real seismic excitations. The results indicate that, for similar structural weight, designed structures experience up to 30% less global damage compared with code‐based design frames. The method is then developed to consider multiple performance objectives and deal with seismic design of RC structures for a design spectrum. The results show that the proposed method is very efficient at controlling performance parameters and improving structural behaviour of RC frames. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于OpenSees的防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架数值模拟

提出了一种既有钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震加固方法,该法采用防屈曲支撑提高框架结构体系的水平承载力和耗能能力,利用外包钢进一步提高柱子的抗弯和抗剪承载力。采用开源有限元程序OpenSees,分别建立空钢筋混凝土框架和防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架的分析模型,对2榀钢筋混凝土框架的抗震性能进行模拟。防屈曲支撑采用了弹塑性桁架单元模型,加固框架柱混凝土考虑了外包钢的约束作用。将分析结果与拟静力试验结果进行比较,以检验分析模型的准确性,以及研究防屈曲支撑和外包钢对混凝土框架抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明,数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,验证了基于OpenSees建立的数值模型的准确性;外包钢有效改善了框架柱的抗弯承载力和变形能力;防屈曲支撑显著提高了加固框架体系的水平刚度、水平承载力和耗能能力。     

Seismic Damage to Owner-Built RC Frames in Charikot during the 2015 Nepal Earthquake Sequence

The damage to the masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings in Charikot, the capital city of Dolakha district in Nepal, during the 2015 April-to-May Nepal earthquake sequence is reported. Most of these buildings were built by the owners with little governmental inspections regarding their structural design or constructional quality. Although they generally performed better than other structural systems such as stone-masonry houses, the RC frames sustained extensive damage ranging from cracking of infill to complete collapse. In particular, eight of the 72 inspected RC frames alongside an uphill street collapsed in different ways. In addition to the un-engineered nature of these RC frames, their collapse could also be attributed to multiple technical reasons including the effect of terrain, the pounding between adjacent buildings and the accumulative damage in the earthquake sequence.     

钢筋混凝土框架结构在小震作用下失效相关性的拟动力模型试验研究

通过两榀二层三跨规范钢筋混凝土对称、非对称框架结构模型的拟动力试验,对试件在小震作用截面约束的失效相关性进行了分析,并与文献中的Monte-Carlo随机模拟结果进行了比较,进一步验证了规范钢筋混凝土框架结构在小震作用下失效独立的相关性结论。     

Shaking table comparative test and associated study of a stepped wall-frame structure

A new structural system called a stepped wall-frame structure is proposed in this study to solve the bottom yielding problem of RC frames, which widely occurred during previous earthquakes such as the Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes in China. A 1/5 scale ordinary RC frame model and a stepped wall-frame model were subjected to shake table motions together to study the seismic behavior of the new structural system. This paper presents the dynamic characteristics, the seismic responses and the failure and collapse mechanism of the two models under low, moderate and high intensity shaking. The test results and further analysis demonstrate that the seismic performance of stepped wall-frame structures is superior to ordinary RC frames in terms of the well-controlled deformation pattern and more uniformly distributed damage. The stepped wall can effectively suppress the bottom yielding mechanism, and is simple, economical and practical for engineering practice.     

Low‐seismic damage strategies for infilled RC frames: shake‐table tests

Unreinforced masonry (URM) infill panels are widely used as partitions in RC frames and typically considered as non‐structural elements in the design process. However, observations from recent major earthquakes have shown that under seismic excitation, the structural interaction between columns and infill walls can significantly alter the structural behaviour, thus causing catastrophic consequences. The purpose of this research was to propose and test an innovative low seismic damage detailing method, which isolates the infill panel from bounding columns with finite width vertical gaps during the infill panel construction phase and deploys steel wire connections in mortar layers anchored to columns. Taking into account the similitude requirements, a total of six one‐third scale, single‐storey single‐bay RC frames with different infill configurations and flexible connection details were carefully designed and tested on a shake‐table. Three real earthquake records were selected and scaled to ascending intensity levels and used as input signals. A series of thorough investigations including dynamic characteristics, hysteretic behaviour, failure mechanisms, out‐of‐plane vulnerabilities and the effect of different gap filling materials and load transfer mechanisms were rigorously studied. The experimental results indicate that the undesirable interaction between infill panels and bounding frame is significantly reduced using the proposed low seismic damage detailing concept. Direct shear failure of columns at an early stage is prevented, and structural redundancy at high levels of excitation can be provided. In general, the structural stability and integrity, and displacement ductility of infilled RC frames can remarkably be improved. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土柱考虑损伤累积的反复荷载-位移关系分析

为能在反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土柱的荷载-位移关系分析中考虑柱低周疲劳性能,提出了一损伤模型,对柱中纵向受力钢筋和混凝土的损伤状态作评估与记录。将这一记录材料性能信息的损伤指标带入材料各自的恢复力模型以考虑产生损伤后材料的强度和刚度退化。基于多弹簧模型对不同变幅加载路径下及等幅低周疲劳加载下钢筋混凝土柱的空间反应进行了数值计算模拟。与已有试验结果比较表明,所提材料层次上的损伤累积模型以及考虑损伤累积效应的柱构件空间荷载-位移关系分析方法具有一定的精度,为钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能分析提供了一个辅助工具。