石榴子石族矿物的热发射率及其影响因素研究

本文主要研究石榴子石族矿物在１００，１５０，４００，６５０℃下，２．５～２５（４０）μｍ波长范围内的红外光谱发射率和总发射率，测试结果表明，石榴子石发射率大小受成分，铁离子价态，温度压力及铁，钴，镍等过渡族元素的影响。     

营口蛇纹石玉红外发射功能及其影响因素

辽宁省营口市大石桥产出的蛇纹石玉是传统名玉岫玉的一种,其物理化学特征和矿物岩石学特征与传统岫岩玉有较大差别。本文采用一系列分析技术测试了该地区蛇纹石玉的放射性、化学成分、矿物成分及在8～15μm波长带的红外发射率,结果表明：该地区蛇纹石玉不具有放射性,对人体安全无害,有良好的红外辐射功能,至少两类玉石有可能直接用作天然保健材料;玉石的矿物组成越复杂、矿物的红外活性越强、红外吸收波段范围越大,玉石的红外发射率就越高;含有硼镁石的样品的红外发射率较高达0.82。蛇纹石的晶体结构和过渡元素含量是蛇纹石玉红外发射功能的重要影响因素,晶格活性振动强、Fe2O3含量为6.28%的样品红外发射率高达0.83。引入过渡元素可以提高玉石样品的红外发射率。     

含白云石天然碳酸盐岩在中红外波段的辐射特性研究

利用红外发射光谱研究了含白云石天然碳酸盐岩及主要组成矿物的红外发射光谱特征,探究了影响其红外辐射性能的因素。X射线衍射(XRD)和微区拉曼光谱(Raman)结果显示白云石(70%)、方解石(25%)和石英(5%)是该天然碳酸盐的主要组成物相。基于黑体辐射定律以及在80℃时、400～2 000 cm-1各矿物的辐射能量谱,显示碳酸盐岩、白云石、方解石和石英的发射率依次减少(1. 010、1. 000、0. 997、0. 958),白云石是碳酸盐岩红外辐射性能的主要贡献者。在本文研究的温度和波长范围内,含白云石碳酸盐岩中主要组成矿物的热容是温度的函数,白云石高的热容有利于提高整体的热辐射性能;矿物颗粒直径对热辐射的传播有一定的影响,颗粒直径接近于辐射波长时热辐射出现衰减导致发射率降低;当化学键(C—O键、Si—O键)的振动出现在发射光谱窄的发射带范围内(1 350～1 500 cm-1和950～1 275 cm-1)则会导致相对较高的辐射能和发射率。     

电气石红外光谱和红外辐射特性的研究

精确测试和研究了不同种属电气石的红外光谱特征及不同种属、不同温度条件下热处理电气石的红外辐射特性。结果表明：电气石具有高红外发射率的本质在于其晶体结构中的分子振动具红外活性;铁、镁电气石红外发射率相近,且都大于锂电气石的红外发射率;电气石热处理的温度与红外发射率之间存在一定的对应关系,随着热处理的温度的增加,红外发射率减小,当温度增大到800℃红外发射率达到最大值,超过900℃,电气石开始分解,红外发射率开始下降;电气石在室温下最大单色辐出度相应的波长为9~10μm 与绝对黑体9.72 μm 吻合较好,为良好的红外吸收与发射材料。     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物种类划分及指示意义

晶体矿物学理论认为不同成岩环境金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物由于形成物理化学条件不同,其晶体结构和化学成分会发生明显的变化,通过对无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩岩管中的尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数和化学成分的测定,研究尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数变化与无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩的内在关系,可以提高金伯利岩型金刚石矿床找矿效率。为了确定辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物种属,探讨辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数与金伯利岩含矿性关系,本文运用电子探针波谱仪对50件尖晶石族矿物中的MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO及Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,运用单晶X射线衍射仪对136个尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数进行测定。数据统计显示:瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物为铬铁矿和镁铬铁矿,以化学分子式中A、B组主要阳离子占位特征为基础,可把矿区的尖晶石族矿物划分为10个亚种;如果用尖晶石族矿物化学成分中Cr2O3与(Cr2O3+Al2O3)含量的比值Cr'来表示尖晶石族矿物与金伯利岩含矿性的关系,金伯利岩岩体含矿性由富矿→中等含矿→贫矿,相应岩体中尖晶石族矿物Cr'值分别为89.5%、83.4%~87.1%和70.2%,逐渐变低;从无矿金伯利岩岩体→贫矿和中等含矿金伯利岩岩体→富矿金伯利岩岩体,金伯利岩体中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数分别为0.831~0.832 nm、0.834~0.836 nm、0.837 nm,有逐渐变大的趋势。本文认为,辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数大小和Cr'参数可以作为判断辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩含矿性的指示标型。     

不同亚类硅酸盐矿物的中红外光谱学特征

利用热红外发射光谱研究了不同亚类硅酸盐矿物镁橄榄石、透闪石、蛇纹石和钠长石的红外发射光谱特征。在120oC时,通过对400～1650 cm-1的红外波段进行积分计算,发现硅酸盐矿物中镁橄榄石的发射率最高,可达到0.988,钠长石最低为0.947。硅酸盐矿物在850～1300cm-1区间均产生宽的低发射带,该发射带与硅氧四面体层中(Si,Al)-O的伸缩振动相关;在470 cm-1左右则形成相对尖锐的低发射带,与硅氧四面体层中(Si, Al)-O的弯曲振动相关。从岛状、链状、层状到架状硅酸盐矿物由于Si O2聚合程度依次增加,最强发射谷的位置依次向高频方向偏移,说明硅氧四面体中Si-O伸缩振动带的位置受到了n(Si)/n(O)比值的制约。此外,在辐射能量谱里,镁橄榄石、透闪石、蛇纹石和钠长石的最强辐射谷范围趋于变宽,依次为115、162、225和247 cm-1,反映了吸收的辐射能增加。综上可推测,硅酸盐矿物强的发射率可能与硅氧四面体中Si-O的振动模式、Si O2的聚合度、辐射能量谱中最强辐射谷的波长范围有关。     

基于Hapke模型的矿物红外发射光谱随粒度与发射角的变异规律

矿物红外发射光谱随粒度与发射角的变异是热红外地质遥感中的基础性问题之一, 温度与发射率反演以及矿物信息提取均需要考虑发射光谱的变异.常规实验室矿物发射光谱测量技术难度较大, 限制了对矿物发射光谱变异规律的深入研究.利用Hapke岩矿辐射传输模型对石英、白云母和钙长石3种矿物的发射光谱进行了模拟, 将模拟结果与实测光谱进行了对比, 总结了矿物发射光谱随粒度、发射角的变异规律, 分析了Hapke发射率模型存在的问题.Hapke模型可较好地模拟矿物发射光谱整体谱形与主要光谱特征及其变异规律, 但在某些光谱细节上与实测光谱仍有一定差异, 其原因可能是模型中矿物介质中多次散射辐射为“各向同性”的假设所致; 随粒度增加, 吸收特征会增强, 且位置可能发生漂移; 随发射角增加, 发射率逐渐减小, 透射特征和吸收特征逐渐增强, 但光谱的整体形状和透射特征、吸收特征、克里斯琴森特征的位置与形态均基本保持不变.      

塔里木盆地柯坪隆起典型沉积岩类的热红外光谱特征研究

塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪隆起一些典型碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩及蒸发岩的热红外发射光谱曲线的分析表明:利用残余辐射谱带（又叫低发射率带）的中心波长位置可以确定沉积岩中的主要矿物成份，并可利用残余辐射谱带的强度判断矿物成份含量的多少。这对于利用热红外多光谱遥感技术直接找矿具有重要意义。     

塔里木盆地柯坪隆起典型沉积岩类的热红外光谱特征研究

塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪隆起一些典型碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩及蒸发岩的热红外发射光谱曲线的分析表明：利用残余辐射谱带（又叫低发射率带）的中心波长位置可以确定沉积岩中的主要矿物成份，并可利用残余辐射谱带的强度判断矿物成份含量的多少。这对于利用热红外多光谱遥感技术直接找矿具有重要意义。     

山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物特征及种类划分

山东蒙阴金刚石矿区金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物究竟是铬铁矿还是尖晶石一直倍受争议,为了确定山东蒙阴矿区形态复杂的尖晶石族矿物种类,项目组对矿区的尖晶石族矿物进行了系统的采样,利用电子探针对50件尖晶石族矿物MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO、Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,结果显示,山东蒙阴金刚石矿区金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物A、B端元成分复杂,不存在单纯的铬铁矿或尖晶石矿物种,以化学分子式分类为基础得到的尖晶石族矿物种类主要有:铁镁-铬铁钛、镁铁-铬铁铝钛、铁镁-铬铝铁、镁铁-铬铝铁、铁镁-铬铁钛铝、镁铁-铬铝、铁镁-铬铝7个亚种。山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物的主要端元组分为MgAl2O4、MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4,矿物化学成分分析表明,Mg质量分数较高(7.3%~11.8%),其中Fe、Mg离子数比近于1:1,构成富镁的铬铁矿。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861