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1.
大地震在近断层场地产生强烈地震动的同时,还会由于断层错动直接导致基岩甚至上覆土层破裂,在断层两侧产生显著差异性永久位移,造成位于断层附近或跨越断层的工程结构破坏。因此,跨断层桥梁面对的地震作用是断层两侧桥墩处场地的不同地震动,包括存在永久性位移的地震动。本文以垂直跨越走滑断层的多跨简支梁桥为例,基于OpenSees有限元模拟平台建立了桥梁结构的三维计算模型,计算分析了不同地震作用输入模式下桥梁结构的地震反应及其差异。考虑的地震作用模式包括:(1)断层两侧场地的地震作用视为相同的无永久位移的地震动,即无永久位移的一致地震动作用模式;(2)断层主动盘一侧场地的地震作用具有永久位移地震动,被动盘一侧采用无永久位移地震动,即具有永久位移的非一致地震动作用模式;(3)在断层主动盘一侧场地以静力方式施加断层错动位移,而被动盘一侧场地固定不动,即断层错动位移静力作用模式。计算结果分析表明,不考虑永久位移的一致地震动作用模式的地震动输入会导致严重低估桥梁反应计算结果,这也说明地震动的断层两侧永久性位移差异会显著增大桥梁结构反应;而一致地震动作用叠加断层错动永久位移静力作用的结果与非一致地震动作用模式的结果非常接近。为此,在某种程度上说,跨断层桥梁结构地震反应可采用一致地震动作用叠加断层错动位移静力作用的桥梁结构反应来近似模拟。 相似文献
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A new neural‐network‐based methodology for generating artificial earthquake spectrum compatible accelerograms from response spectra was proposed in 1997, in which, the learning capabilities of neural networks were used to develop the knowledge of the inverse mapping from the response spectra to earthquake accelerograms. Recently, this methodology has been further extended and enhanced. This paper presents a new stochastic neural network that is capable of generating multiple earthquake accelerograms from a single‐response spectrum. A new stochastic feature to the neural network has been combined with a new scheme for data compression using the replicator neural networks developed in the original method. A benefit of this extended methodology is gaining efficiency in compressing the earthquake accelerograms and extracting their characteristics. The proposed method produces a stochastic ensemble of earthquake accelerograms from any response spectra or design spectra. An example is presented that used 100 recorded accelerograms to train the neural network and several design spectra and response spectra to test this improved methodology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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2015年4月25日尼泊尔地震波场传播及烈度初步模拟分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生Mw7.9地震.本文采用三维曲线坐标网格有限差分方法,依据USGS给出的震源运动学反演结果和震源区域地形数据,模拟了尼泊尔地震波场传播过程,得到震源区域烈度分布模拟结果,与实际观测的地表峰值速度(PGV)大体吻合.结果表明:地震烈度的空间分布整体上受控于震源的单边破裂特征,高烈度区域主要分布在破裂传播方向上,即震源东半部.震源南侧到东南侧近场,由于受到震源和地形的双重影响,形成最大烈度分布区域,最大烈度约为IX.南侧平原受低速沉积层影响形成高烈度区域.震源西侧及盆地内烈度相对较低. 相似文献
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2014年8月3日云南鲁甸地震强地面运动初步模拟及烈度预测 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
2014年8月3日云南省昭通市鲁甸县发生了Ms6.5级地震.在已知的三维介质模型、地形数据基础上,利用震源运动学初步反演模型(张勇等,2014),作者采用曲线坐标网格三维曲线有限差分方法模拟了鲁甸地震波场传播过程,并计算了模拟区域地震烈度分布.结果表明:地震最大烈度为Ⅶ度,破坏主要集中在鲁甸县以及巧家县、会泽县靠近鲁甸县的边界.另外,模拟结果还显示地震动在山峰、山脊处具有较大的幅度.计算表明断层东北侧的低速沉积盆地的波动放大效应加强了该地区的地震灾害. 相似文献
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2014年2月12日新疆于田地震强地面运动初步模拟及烈度预测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2014年2月12日新疆自治区于田县发生了MS7.3级地震.在已知的三维介质模型、地形数据基础上,利用震源运动学初步反演模型(张勇等,2014),作者采用曲线坐标网格三维曲线有限差分方法模拟了于田地震波场传播过程,并计算了模拟区域地震烈度分布.结果表明:地震最大烈度为7度,距离震中最近的于田县城烈度约为5度,断层西北侧地面震动略强于断层东南侧.另外模拟结果还显示地震动在山脊处具有较大的幅度.该地震本身主要能量释放区域在中地壳,主要滑动未及地表,因此对地表造成的破坏有限,这与目前尚无人员伤亡报告的情况相符合. 相似文献
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A fully nonstationary stochastic model for strong earthquake ground motion is developed. The model employs filtering of a discretized white‐noise process. Nonstationarity is achieved by modulating the intensity and varying the filter properties in time. The formulation has the important advantage of separating the temporal and spectral nonstationary characteristics of the process, thereby allowing flexibility and ease in modeling and parameter estimation. The model is fitted to target ground motions by matching a set of statistical characteristics, including the mean‐square intensity, the cumulative mean number of zero‐level up‐crossings and a measure of the bandwidth, all expressed as functions of time. Post‐processing by a second filter assures zero residual velocity and displacement, and improves the match to response spectral ordinates for long periods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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地震强地面运动预测对工程的抗震设计,地震危害性分析以及减轻特定地区可能发生的大地震所造成的灾害具有重要的作用.本文根据辽宁省海城地区的地质资料和发生于1975年2月4日辽宁省海城市的MS7.3地震资料,分别构造了海城地区的地下速度结构和海城地震的震源模型,并且使用可以准确描述地形起伏的曲线网格有限差分方法计算了海城地震的波场传播过程.通过对计算得到的波场快照、合成理论地震图以及地震烈度的分析表明:(1)震源模型、地下的速度结构和地形起伏对海城地震的波场传播模拟具有重要的影响,它们所产生的近断层效应、方向性效应和盆地效应明显;(2)通过计算得到的海城地震的理论烈度分布与通过震后调查得到的烈度分布大体符合,验证了本文所构造的震源模型和速度结构的合理性.
相似文献8.
通过回顾地震工程研究领域的文献,对研究中采用的地震动脉冲分量表征模型进行了收集与整理.针对各类模型的特点进行了比较与讨论,并对其研究意义以及在结构抗震研究中所发挥的作用进行梳理总结,提炼出了研究框架.根据现有的研究结果指出:考虑地震动脉冲效应的地震危险性分析是研究框架中的核心环节;对于反映相同脉冲特征的不同脉冲表征模型,尽管它们采用的数学表达形式存在差异,但是在动力学上的表现是接近的;具有滑冲效应特征的脉冲表征模型和具有前方向性效应特征的脉冲表征模型之间存在相似性.最后,对结构地震反应计算分析中地震动选取的相关考虑因素进行了讨论. 相似文献
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Traditionally, seismic torsional provisions have been evaluated based on the assumption that the strength of the lateral load resisting elements can be adjusted without changing their stiffness. There is an important class of elements that a change of their lateral strength implies a corresponding change of stiffness, as exemplified by reinforced concrete flexural walls. This would imply that when torsional provisions are applied to adjust the strengths of these elements, the stiffness distribution, and also the eccentricity of the system, will change. This paper re-evaluates the consequences of applying the torsional provisions of the Uniform Building Code (UBC, 1997) and also the Eurocode (Eurocode 8, 1994) to single mass eccentric systems supported by elements having such characteristics. In conjunction with the results based on the traditional assumption, the effectiveness of the two provisions to mitigate torsional effects is discussed from a broader perspective. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
从集集地震看建筑物震害与地震动参数的关系 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
本文根据9.21台湾集集大地震中南投县、台中县、台北县和苗栗县的建筑物震害调查资料确定出这4个主要受害地区的平均震害指数,然后义计算出这4个地区的地震动峰值加速度、峰值速度、峰值谱加速度、峰值谱速度、峰值谱位移的平均值。将这些均值分别与平均震害指数进行基于最小二乘法的线性回归,发现峰值速度和震害指数有非常好的相关性,相关系数接近1.0,而峰值加速度与震害指数相关性只有0.8,这说明地震动峰值速度能够体现地震动对脆性结构的破坏势,与以往将不同次地震的记录和资料混淆在一起研究而获得峰值加速度与震害有很好相关性形成了对比。 相似文献
11.
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with Mw7.9 occurred at Yingxiu County in Longmenshan thrust fault belt, southwest China, having triggered a huge amount of slope failures. This paper applied a detailed inventory with more than 190,000 slope failures and strong ground motion records of 187 seismic stations to analyze the qualitative and quantitative relations between slope failure distribution and seismic parameters. The results revealed that slope failure distribution was exponentially decreased with the increment of epicentral distance and distance from surface fault rupture; peak ground acceleration (PGA) on the hanging wall side was apparently larger than that on footwall side. Linear correlation between concentration of slope failures (LNC) and the percentage of the area affected by slope failure (LAP) and PGA was demonstrated by statistical analysis, which revealed that 0.18~0.21 g horizontal PGA was the threshold value of the occurrence of slope failure. Furthermore, this paper presented an empirical model for the attenuation relation of slope failure distribution. 相似文献
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2008年11月10日在青海柴达木盆地北缘发生了大柴旦M_W6.3地震,为了研究该地震的区域地震波传播与地面运动特征,本文利用地质资料和地壳速度结构研究成果,构建了柴达木盆地及周边区域三维传播介质模型,采用有限差分方法模拟了大柴旦地震波场传播过程以及地面运动分布特征.结果表明,柴达木盆地对波场传播有明显影响,表现为地震波传入盆地后在边界产生次生面波,盆地沉积物对地震波具有围陷作用,地震地面运动在盆地内振幅增大、持时延长.模拟结果给出的地震地面运动峰值速度分布以及理论地震图均和观测结果符合较好,反映数值模拟较好地给出了观测地面运动的主要特征以及传播介质模型的合理性. 相似文献
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The study aims at investigating the structural behavior of the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Suspension Bridge, i.e. the second Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey, under multi-point earthquake excitations, and determining the earthquake performance of the bridge based on the results obtained from this analysis. For this objective, spatially varying ground motions in triple direction were produced for each support of the bridge considering the Mw=7.4 scenario earthquakes on the main Marmara Fault. In order to simulate the ground motions, modified stochastic finite-fault technique was utilized. Taking the ground motions into account, non-linear time-history analysis was carried out, and the results obtained from the analysis were compared to those from uniform support earthquake excitation to identify the effects of multi-point earthquake excitations on the seismic performance of the bridge. From the analysis, it was determined that modal response of the towers and the deck was mostly effective on dynamic response of the entire bridge rather than other structural elements, such as cable and approach viaduct. Compared to the results obtained from simple-point earthquake excitation, noticeable axial force increase in the cable elements was obtained under multi-point earthquake excitation. The changes at the main cable and the side span cable were determined as 21% and 18%, respectively. This much increase in the cable elements led to increase in axial force at the towers and in shear force at the base section of the tower column. These changes in the structural elements were closely related to response of the deck and the towers since they had considerable contribution to response of the entire bridge. Based on the findings from the study, spatially varying ground motions has to be considered for long span suspension bridges, and the multi-support earthquake analysis should be carried out for better understanding and obtaining reliable results necessary for retrofitting and performance evaluation. 相似文献
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旋转分量是地震波场的重要组成部分,可以为地球内部结构成像和震源参数测定等研究提供基础信息,然而缺少高精度的观测仪器,其应用受限.新发展的高精度光纤陀螺为测量旋转分量提供了一个较为可行的方案,其性能需要进一步验证.为此,武汉大地测量国家野外科学观测研究站利用两个光纤陀螺和一个宽频带地震仪组成了多分量观测系统,并开展了观测工作,记录到了云南漾濞地震的Love波信号.基于Love波信号的垂向旋转速度记录和切向加速度记录,开展了Love波视速度和到达方位角度测算分析.结果表明视速度存在明显频散特性,测算值与其他方法测算值相当,到达方位角接近大圆路径预测值,尾波部分到达角偏离较大.由此表明高精度的光纤陀螺可以用于区域震监测,结合地震仪可形成多分量观测系统,为地震学研究提供有效数据. 相似文献
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传统高层建筑地震损伤模型不能反映构件极限滞回耗能随累积幅值的改变情况,无法有效确定组合参数,离散性较大。为此,设计一种远场长周期地震下高层建筑的地震损伤模型。针对不同层次高层建筑结构,依据广义力-广义变形曲线,构建变形损伤模型。结合累积能量比、远场长周期地震瞬时输入能比构建能量损伤模型。从变形与能量两方面综合评价损伤,依据钢筋混凝土结构构建最大反应变形与耗损能量的线性组合地震损伤模型,并对其进行改进。实验选用ILA003、ILA048和TCU115三种长周期地震波,计算不同构件和高层建筑结构整体损伤结果,验证所提模型的可靠性。将所提模型应用于实际高层建筑中,发现其实用性强。 相似文献
16.
成都盆地不同工程地质分区内场地地震动参数的计算分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
场地条件对地震动幅值和频谱特性均有影响, 现行的中国地震动参数区划图根据场地类别调整地震动反应谱特征周期, 但尚未考虑到对地震动峰值和反应谱平台值的调整. 以成都盆地为例, 广泛收集了盆地范围内的工程钻孔资料. 考虑到不同工程地质分区内场地地震动参数可能存在较大差异, 在研究区工程地质分区的基础上, 利用等效线性化方法对钻孔进行了土层地震反应分析, 给出了成都盆地内不同工程地质分区的地震动参数调整系数建议值. 相似文献
17.
A new method is proposed for generating artificial earthquake accelerograms from response spectra. This method uses the learning capabilities of neural networks to developed the knowledge of the inverse mapping from the response spectra to earthquake accelerogram. In the proposed method the neural networks learn the inverse mapping directly from the actual recorded earthquake accelerograms and their response spectra. A two-stage approach is used. In the first stage, a replicator neural network is used as a data compression tool. The replicator neural network compresses the vector of the discrete Fourier spectra of the accelerograms to vectors of much smaller dimension. In the second stage, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network learns to relate the response spectrum to the compressed Fourier spectrum. A simple example is presented, in which only 30 accelerograms are used to train the two-stage neural networks. This example demonstrates how the method works and shows its potential. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于ArcView GIS软件开发平台,建立了设计地震动参数和最不利设计地震动数据库,建成了基手性态设计和考虑最不利设计地震动因素的设计地震动查询系统,该系统主要为基于PC机工作的结构抗震设计人员提供相应的设计地震动参数和最不利设计地震动的设计地震动信息查询服务. 相似文献
20.
建筑结构基础隔震分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本文详细地阐述了基础隔震的基本原理与特性,分析了隔震体系的类型及其特点。提出了隔震结构基于位移设计的设计指标和设计准则,并给出了设计步骤和实例。 相似文献