山西阳泉三矿煤层粘土岩夹矸地球化学特征

采用化学法和中子活化(INAA)法对采自山西阳泉三矿山西组3号煤层和太原组12号煤层的3件煤层夹矸粘土岩样品的8种常量元素(氧化物)和33种微量元素含量进行了测定。通过对具有示踪意义的元素及其比值的对比分析,3个样品总体上均不具有典型的沉积岩特征,应该是由酸性或酸性偏碱性火山物质(降落的或陆源搬运的)在地表覆水较浅的弱氧化条件下经原地淋滤、蚀变形成的。原岩蚀变程度较高,不稳定或较不稳定的元素大量流失,甚至一些较稳定的元素(如高岭岩中的铁、锰)也明显流失。强烈的化学蚀变以及岩石中矿物成分的变化是造成粘土岩间以及粘土岩与原岩间元素(尤其是REE)含量及REE配分模式差异的主要原因。      

四川盆地峨眉山雷口坡组底部黏土岩(绿豆岩)的年代学及地球化学特征

四川盆地峨眉山地区中三叠统雷口坡组底部发育了一层特殊的黏土岩(绿豆岩),为确定其形成时代和成因,对其进行了锆石U-Pb定年、X射线衍射分析及主、微量元素含量测试。结果表明,黏土岩(绿豆岩)的锆石U-Pb年龄为(247.6±1.1) Ma,代表了峨眉山地区雷口坡组底部黏土岩的形成年龄。镜下及X衍射特征表明黏土岩的主要矿物为伊利石,另含有少量方解石和石英。主、微量元素分析表明,黏土岩具有长英质火山岩的特征,可能与当时的华南酸性岩浆活动有成因联系。综合分析认为,该套黏土岩(绿豆岩)是由华南火山活动形成的中酸性火山物质漂移搬运至沉积盆地,在富K、Li等元素的盆地卤水作用下,经埋藏成岩作用而形成的。     

白银厂的火山碎悄岩岩石学与古海相火山作用

应用古火山地质学和岩石地球化学对白银厂中酸性火山穹隆内的凝灰岩、昌屑凝灰岩、中酸性枕状、绳状熔岩和具有特殊构造的补丁岩等火山碎屑碉进行了较快速度沉降并堆积成岩,产于火山喷口附近。海底成矿热液蚀变作用使其ＳｉＯ２、ＦｅＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＣＯ２等化学成分发生变化。凝灰质千枚岩则是细火山灰在海吕中经缓慢的沉降后形成于远离火山口的火山斜坡上的火山－沉积变质岩。根据“０补丁”的成分可将补丁岩分为两种类型：绿泥石质     

山西大同小峪煤矿煤系粘土岩夹矸地球化学特征

采用化学法和中子活化(INAA)法,对山西大同小峪煤矿山西组和太原组的3件不同粘土岩样品的8种常量元素(氧化物)和33种微量元素含量进行了测定。通过对具有示踪意义的元素及其比值的对比分析表明,3个样品总体上均不具有典型的沉积岩特征,应该是由酸性或酸性偏碱性火山物质(降落的或陆源搬运的)在地表覆水较浅的弱氧化条件下经原地淋滤、蚀变形成的。岩石总体蚀变程度较高,不稳定或较不稳定的元素大量流失,甚至一些较稳定的元素(如高岭岩中的铁、锰)也明显流失。蚀变环境及介质条件、成岩原始物质组成及其粒度大小以及粘土物质组成是造成粘土岩类型及其不同类型间元素含量差异的主要原因。      

中国东南部晚中生代花岗质火山-侵入杂岩特征与成因

晚中生代期间,中国东南部岩浆活动十分强烈。 由内陆向沿海,花岗岩、火山岩的时代越来越新。花岗岩 与酸性、中酸性火山岩在成因上存在密切联系。在时间、空间和成岩物质来源一致的条件下 ,花岗岩可视为流纹岩、英安岩所构成的中心式火山机构的“根”,形成所谓的花岗质火山-侵入杂岩。中国东南部的花岗质火山-侵入杂岩可以区分为同熔型、陆壳重熔型和A 型三类,它们具有不同的构造环境、形成机制和物质来源。同熔型火山-侵入杂岩主要分布 于沿海,陆壳重熔型火山-侵入杂岩一般分布于内陆,而 A型花岗质火山-侵入杂岩主要受浙闽沿海长乐-南澳断裂带控制。 以桐庐和相山两个典型杂岩体为代表剖析了花岗质火山-侵入杂岩 体的时、空、源一致性,所揭示的规律对于认识整个中国东南部晚中生代花岗质火山-侵入 杂岩的成因具有普遍意义。     

中国东南部晚中生代花岗质火山-侵入杂岩特征与成因

晚中生代期间,中国东南部岩浆活动十分强烈。 由内陆向沿海,花岗岩、火山岩的时代越来越新。花岗岩 与酸性、中酸性火山岩在成因上存在密切联系。在时间、空间和成岩物质来源一致的条件下 ,花岗岩可视为流纹岩、英安岩所构成的中心式火山机构的“根”,形成所谓的花岗质火山-侵入杂岩。中国东南部的花岗质火山-侵入杂岩可以区分为同熔型、陆壳重熔型和A 型三类,它们具有不同的构造环境、形成机制和物质来源。同熔型火山-侵入杂岩主要分布 于沿海,陆壳重熔型火山-侵入杂岩一般分布于内陆,而 A型花岗质火山-侵入杂岩主要受浙闽沿海长乐-南澳断裂带控制。 以桐庐和相山两个典型杂岩体为代表剖析了花岗质火山-侵入杂岩 体的时、空、源一致性,所揭示的规律对于认识整个中国东南部晚中生代花岗质火山-侵入 杂岩的成因具有普遍意义。     

韩城矿区11号煤层粘土岩夹矸的地球化学特征

韩城矿区１１号煤层夹矸为高岭石粘土岩夹矸。通过对夹矸中ＩＮＡＡ测试的３０多种元素,尤其是对那些在岩浆作用中分异明显、表生作用中稳定的微量元素分析表明,夹矸主要由酸性火山物质在聚煤盆地内原地蚀变形成;盆地内的酸性还原条件在一定程序上控制着元素的分异特征．     

富火山物质烃源岩评价方法——以北疆石炭系为例

正新疆北部石炭系发育一套巨厚的混杂有火山物质的烃源岩。有机质丰度以及类型等指标显示具有作为烃源岩的潜力。笔者综合运用薄片等分析资料将其划分为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质泥岩、含碳质泥岩,并分类研究了其地球化学特征。针对富火山物质烃源岩成熟度高、有机质丰度低的特点,首次运用生烃模拟实验结合数值模拟开展其有机碳含量恢复,建立了不同火山物质含量烃源岩有机     

安徽马鞍山的“焊接凝灰岩”(игнимбрит)

在火山杂岩的地区,尤其是在中酸性火山杂岩发育的地区,有时可以看到一种“斑点状熔岩”,是由斑点(角砾)和基质(胶结质)所组成的,斑点呈扁豆状、球状、大饼状,大致呈平行排列和鱼贯相连,常常呈暗色,致密状;而基质则为淡灰色,玻基斑状。岩石外貌     

开展一项科研工作的倡议——利用自然γ测井曲线资料进行大区域煤层和微细地层对比以研究古地理和预测有关矿床

煤层中有些黏土岩夹矸(Tonstein)依地质产状和现代高精测试方法研究，已证实其成因与酸性火山事件有关。因其分布范围甚广，层位稳定，故为煤层和微细地层对比的极佳等时标志层。但由于岩矿和微量元素测试经费昂贵、时间长，影响此项科学研究的进展。利用自然γ测井曲线研究酸性火山事件岩层的分布，既经济又省时间。将此项研究成果用于大区域煤、地层     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861