大西洋中脊TAG热浪区硫化物中流体包裹体的He-Ne-Ar同位素组成

对大西洋中脊ＴＡＧ（Ｔｒａｎｓ－Ａｔｌａｎｔｉｃ Ｇｅｏｔｒａｖｅｒｓｅ）热液区硫化物中流体包裹体的 Ｈｅ, Ｎｅ和 Ａｒ同位素组成进行了测定,流体包裹体的~3Ｈｅ／~4Ｈｅ比值为 ２．２～１３．３ Ｒａ,均值 为７．２Ｒａ,与该区喷口热液流体（~３Ｈｅ／~４Ｈｅ＝７．５～８．２Ｒａ）和ＭＯＲＢ（~３Ｈｅ／~４Ｈｅ＝６～１１Ｒａ）相比, 其变化范围明显较大．~（２０）Ｎｅ／~（２２）Ｎｅ比值为 １０．２～１１．４,明显高于大气值（９．８）．而~（４０）Ａｒ／~（３６）Ａｒ比 值的变化范围从２８７到 ３５９,接近大气值（２９５．５）．这些结果表明,热液硫化物中流体包 裹体的稀有气体是地幔和海水端员混合的产物,热液流体捕获的地慢源稀有气体中有 部分可能来自下地幔,且流体包裹体中的Ｈｅ主要来自上地慢,Ｎｅ和Ａｒ主要来自海水．     

断层逸出气体的δHe／Ar值变化与地震活动的关系

论述了１９９０年６月底至１９９１年１２月间塔院断层气体中δＨｅ／Ａｒ值变化与几次地震的关系，从已获得的几次震例来看，有的地震δＨｅ／Ａｒ出现负异常，而有的出现正异常。δＨｅ／Ａｒ值具有较好的映震能力。     

中国东部新生代玄武岩中幔源包体和高压巨晶的氦同位素研究

对中国东部黑龙江鹿道，吉林辉南、蛟河，辽宁宽甸，河北汉诺坝，安徽女山和海南岛定安地区新生代玄武岩中幔源包体和高压巨晶的氦同位素进行了初步研究．大部分地区幔源包体和高压巨晶的～３Ｈｅ／～４ＨＥ比值分布在 １×１０～（－５）左右，与ＭＯＲＢ的～３Ｈｅ／～４Ｈｅ比值相似，反映了ＭＯＲＢ型亏损地幔的特征．蛟河地区幔源包体的～３Ｈｅ／～４Ｈｅ比值为４．８ × １０～（－６）；汉诺坝地区幔源包体的～３Ｈｅ／～４Ｈｅ比值为（０．１５～７．４）×１０～（－６）与，较ＭＯＲＢ值明显偏低，甚至低于大气的值，说明该地区曾发生过强烈的地幔交代作用．同一地区幔源包体和高压巨晶的氦同位素组成明显不同，提出幔源包体和高压巨晶不是同源的，两者可能与寄主玄武岩均无必然成因联系．在汉诺坝地区一件石榴石巨晶中发现了异常高的～３Ｈｅ／～４Ｈｅ比值     

滇西古特提斯构造带玄武岩Dupal异常

滇西古特提斯构造带某些玄武岩的Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ同位素资料显示存在富集放射成因Ｐｂ同位素的Ｄｕｐａｌ异常。五素玄武岩的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０６３，εＮｄ（Ｔ）＝５．４－６．５；铜厂街洋岛玄武岩的８７＾Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０３６－０．７０８３，εＮｄ（Ｔ）＝０．６５－６；双沟、德钦、铜厂街、勐连蛇绿岩玄武岩的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ＝０．７０３８－０．７０７３，εＮｄ（Ｔ）＝８．２－１０．     

武山铜矿层状含铜黄铁矿矿体锶同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因

武山铜矿层状含铜黄铁矿矿体与花岗闪长斑岩具有完全不同的Ｓｒ同位素组成。层状矿体中胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ比值变化于０．７１１７－０．７２４１之间，而花岗闪长斑岩中长石和磷灰石的＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ在０．７０７２－０．７０９９之间。     

滇西实验场地区断层气体的周期性变化

对滇西地震预报实验场多年来观测的Ａｒ、Ｎ２、ＣＯ２等断层气体及水氡数据进行了分析，发现与朔望月密切相关的１３．４－１５天及２７．７－３０天周期。它是断层气体的潮汐响应，可称之为“断层气体潮”。这为研究地震异常提供了一项新的对比标准。     

介形类壳体中Sr/Ca及Mg/Ca比值的ICP-AES测定

沉积物中介形类壳体的Ｓｒ／Ｃａ和Ｍｇ／Ｃａ比值可用于湖泊古盐度和古温度的重建。本文从双通道顺序扫描式ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ的特点出发,对μｇ级介形类样品中的低含量元素Ｓｒ和Ｍｇ选择最灵敏谱线和最佳通道,对各项条件进行最优化。Ｓｒ和Ｍｇ的检测限分别为１．１μｇ／Ｌ和１．４μｇ／Ｌ。本文以此法准确测定了介形类样品中Ｓｒ／Ｃａ比值和Ｍｇ／Ｃａ比值,回收率实验结果令人满意。     

地下气体动态特征与包头6.4级地震

初步总结了１９９６年５月３日内蒙古治区包头西Ｍｓ６．４地震前后，首都圈北京市昌平县太平庄台自流井溶解气体ＣＯ２、逸出气体Ｈｅ，河北省怀来县后郝窑台断层土壤气体ＣＯ２，北京市昌平县白浮台断层土壤气体Ｈｇ的动态特征，并对有关的问题进行了初步讨论。     

苏北盆地玄武岩地质年龄及地层时代

本文以快中子活性（＾３９Ａｒ／＾４０Ａｒ）法，Ｋ－Ａｒ法为主要手段，通过１６个玄武岩样品地质年龄的测定和分析，首次建立了苏北盆地泰州组－盐城组玄武岩喷发年代时间剖面，并对各组段的界线年龄进行了修正。提出了白垩系和第三系的界线在泰州组与阜宁组之间，古新统与始新统界线在阜宁组￣二段和三￣四段之间，始新统与渐线界线在三垛组一组段和二二段之间，本区缺失上渐新统地层。     

太湖水体中碱性磷酸酶的作用阈值

对不同ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度下,不同粒级组分中碱性磷酸酶活性的分布及其变动规律的研究表明：（１）随着水体中ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度的增加,水体中总碱性磷酸酶活性（ＴＡＰＡ）相应的减少（ｒ＝－０．５８６,ｎ＝５５）,水体中的ＴＡＰＡ增值,在ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度范围为０－０．０１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,无显著差异;而当ＰＯ＾ ３－４－Ｐ浓度〉０．０１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１时,差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,（２）水体中的碱     

用于数字化气体观测的脱气-集气装置研制与应用

介绍用于地震地下流体台站数字化气氡、气汞等气体观测中的脱气-集气装置的研究.该装置采用流体溅射的负压脱气原理,可以有效地将自流井地下水中的气体脱析出来,在脱气过程中,可实现对装置的喷射嘴堵塞等清理的功能.     

Measurement of radon gas on major faults in California,USA

ＭｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｒａｄｏｎｇａｓｏｎｍａｊｏｒｆａｕｌｔｓｉｎＣａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ，ＵＳＡＷｅｉＺＨＡＮＧ（张炜）ａｎｄＣｈｉ－ＹｕＫＩＮＧ（金继宇）（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄＰｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｓｉｍｏｌｏ...     

地气测量和射气测量的探测机理对比研究

通过对地气测量和射气测量原理的对比研究,分析其异同,总结地气测量在理论认识和实际工作中存在的问题,提出借鉴射气测量的理论和实践经验,促进地气测量方法的发展。     

Formation mechanism and geochemical characteristics of shallow natural gas in heavy oil province,China

Shallow gas reservoirs are distributed widely in Chinese heavy oil-bearing basins.At present,shallow gas resources have opened up giant potentials.The previous researches indicate the intimate genetic relationship between shallow gas and heavy oil.Shallow gas resources are generated from crude oil degraded by anaerobic microscopic organism,it belongs to biogenic gas family of secondary genesis, namely heavy oil degraded gas.Shallow gas resources are usually distributed in the upward position or the vicinity of heavy oil reservoirs.They are mainly of dry gas,which are composed of methane and only tiny C2 heavy hydrocarbon and relatively higher contents of nitrogen gas.Generally,methane isotopes are light,whose values are between biogenic gas and thermal cracking gas.Ethane isotopes are heavy,which mixed possibly with thermogenic gas.Carbon dioxide bear the characteristics of very heavy carbon isotope,so carbon isotopic fractionation effects are very obvious on the process of microscopic organism degradation crude oil.The heavy oil degraded gas formation,a very complex geological,geochemical and microbiological geochemical process,is the result of a series of reactions of organic matter-microbes and water-hydrocarbon,which is controlled by many factors.     

Natural gas leakage of Mizhi gas reservoir in Ordos Basin, recorded by natural gas fluid inclusion

Abundant natural gas inclusions were found in calcite veins filled in fractures of Central Fault Belt across the centre of Ordos Basin. Time of the calcite veins and characteristics of natural gas fluid inclusion were investigated by means of dating of thermolum luminescence (TL) and analyzing stable isotope of fluid inclusion. Results show that natural gas inclusion formed at 130―140℃ with salinity of 5.5 wt%―6.0 wt% NaCl. It indicates that natural gas inclusion is a kind of thermal hydrocarbon fluid formed within the basin. Method of opening inclusion by heating was used to analyze composition of fluid inclusion online, of which the maximal hydrocarbon gas content of fluid inclusion contained in veins is 2.4219 m3/t rock and the maximal C1/Σci ratio is 91%. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) was used to analyze chemistry of individual fluid inclusion in which the maximal hydrocarbon gas content is 91.6% compared with little inorganic composition. Isotope analysis results of calcite veins show that they were deposited in fresh water, in which the δ13CPDB of calcite veins is from -5.75‰ to 15.23‰ andδ18OSMOW of calcite veins is from 21.33‰ to 21.67‰. Isotope results show thatδ13C1 PDB of natural gas fluid inclusion is from -21.36‰ to -29.06‰ and δDSMOW of that is from -70.89‰ to -111.03‰. It indicates that the gas of fluid inclusion formed from coal source rocks and it is the same as that of natural gas of Mizhi gas reservoir. Results of TL dating show that time of calcite vein is (32.4±3.42)×104 a, which is thought to be formation time of gas inclusion. It indicated that natural gas inclusion contained in calcite veins recorded natural gas leakage from Mizhi gas reservoir through the Central Fault Belt due to Himalayan tectonic movement.     

Preliminary study on the origin identification of natural gas by the parameters of light hydrocarbon

The light hydrocarbon composition of 209 natural gas samples and individual light hydrocarbon carbon isotopes of 53 natural gas samples from typical humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas in the four basins of China have been determined and analyzed.Some identification parameters for humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas are proposed or corrected.The differences of compound-specificδ13C value of individual light hydrocarbon between humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas have been founded.The humic-sourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene > -24‰,δ13C toluene >-23‰,δ13C cyclohexane >-24‰andδ13C methyl cyclohexane >-24‰,while the sapropelicsourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene <-24‰,δ13C toluene <-24‰,δ13C cyclohexane <-24‰and δ13C methyl cyclohexane <-24‰.Among the components of C7 light hydrocarbon compound,such as normal heptane(nC7),methyl cyclohexane(MCH)and dimethyl cyclopentane(ΣDMCP),etc,relative contents of nC7 and MCH are influenced mainly by the source organic matter type of natural gas.Therefore,it is suggested that the gas with relative content of nC7 of more than 30%and relative content of MCH of less than 70%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while gas with relative content of nC7 of less than 35%and relative content of MCH of more than 50%is humic-sourced gas.Among components of C5-7 aliphatics, the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of more than 30%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of less than 30%is humic-sourced gas.These paremeters have been suggested to identify humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas.     

Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of gases from the large tight gas fields in China

By the end of the year 2010,a total of 15 large tight gas fields have been found in China,located in the Ordos,Sichuan,and Tarim basins.The annual production and total reserves of these fields in 2010 were 222.5×108and 28657×108m3,respectively,accounting for 23.5%and 37.3%,respectively,of the total annual production and reserves of natural gases in China.They took a major part of all natural gas production and reserves in China.According to the analyses of 81 gas samples,the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of tight gases in China have following characteristics:(1)Plots of 13C1-13C2-13C3,13C1-C1/C2+3and 13C1-13C2demonstrate the coal-derived origin of tight gases in China;(2)For the primary alkane gases,both carbon and hydrogen isotopic values increase with increasing molecular mass,i.e.,13C113C213C313C4and2H12H22H3;(3)The isotopic differences of 13C2-13C1,13C3-13C1,2H2-2H1and 2H3-2H1decrease with increasing Ro(%)and C1/C1–4;(4)There are seven causes for the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal,however,the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal of tight gases in China is caused mainly by multiple stages of gas charge and accumulation.     

濮阳地震台断层土壤气采气率对气氡观测结果影响的探讨

地震流体观测在水资源过度开采的形势下,发展断层土壤气观测成为必然趋势.介绍了濮阳台土壤气氡观测的集气、导气装置,对濮阳台土壤气氡模拟观测及数字化观测结果进行分析.模拟观测与数字化观测结果有较大差异,分析产生差异的原因.提出"采气率"这个概念来定量衡量断层土壤气氡观测系统的实用效果.模拟观测和数字化观测结果与"采气率"有较好的对应关系,观测结果表明,集气室体积过大,会造成"采气率"太低,使观测结果偏低,气氡观测结果不适合进行地震前兆观测.在实际工作中, 要通过实验确定采气率的大小,设计合理的集气、导气装置,提高观测质量.     

断层气测量在工程地震工作中的应用

通过实例说明了断层气测量方法在工程地震工作中查找隐伏断裂并进而判断已查出隐伏断裂的现今活动性上简便可行。同时介绍了用“集气瓶”从土壤中采取H_2样品的方法。     

我国防止矿井瓦斯事故的地球物理探测技术进展

瓦斯事故是煤矿井开采作业面临的第一大灾害,它具有发生突然、动力巨大、伤亡力强、波及面宽等突出特点.瓦斯不均匀地的贮存在煤层中,突出于采动破坏的岩壁段,防止煤矿瓦斯事故是一个典型的地学问题.通过测量岩体物性差异预测瓦斯动力赋存的地质条件,通过测定物性差异体的三维空间位置可确定采矿作业的安全岩体隔离厚度,等等.近十年来地球物理探测技术为防止煤矿瓦斯事故发生发挥着关键作用.