Improving performance of GPS satellite DCB estimation for regional GPS networks using long-term stability

Compensation for differential code bias (DCB) is necessary because it is the major source of errors in total electron content (TEC) measurements. The DCB estimation performance is degraded when only the regional GPS network is used. Because DCB estimation is highly correlated with ionospheric modeling, this degradation is particularly evident for measurements concentrated in an area of high TEC concentration. This study proposes a DCB estimation method that uses the long-term stability of the DCB to improve the estimation performance of the regional GPS network. We estimate satellite DCBs by assuming their constancy over seven months. This extended period increases the number of measurements used in DCB estimation and changes the local time distribution of collected measurements. As a result, the unbalanced distribution of specific ionospheric conditions disappears. Tests are performed using both global and regional networks, and the estimation performance is evaluated based on the position error and pseudorange residuals. First, the difference between the global and regional networks when using the conventional method is analyzed. Second, proposed methods are applied to regional networks. The proposed method can improve the DCB estimation performance, and the results are similar to those obtained using one-day global network data.     

星载BDS/GPS低轨卫星定轨精度分析

针对低轨卫星搭载BDS/GPS接收机实现定轨将成为定轨领域热点的现状,该文讨论了基于星载BDS/GPS实时定轨和精密定轨需要考虑的数学模型,阐述了实时定轨和精密定轨的模型差异。基于自主研发程序,利用高动态信号仿真器仿真的星载BDS/GPS数据研究了基于星载BDS/GPS实时定轨和精密定轨的可行性及其能达到的精度。试验结果表明,星载BDS/GPS实时定轨位置精度为1.19m,速度精度为2.35mm/s。GPS信号发生中断时即仅采用BDS观测数据进行实时定轨时,三维位置误差达到3.73m;星载BDS/GPS精密定轨位置精度为2.30cm,仅采用BDS观测数据进行精密定轨时,三维位置误差可达到8.26cm。     

多源卫星观测的全球海洋次表层温度异常信息提取

基于表层卫星遥感观测的中深层海洋遥感对于了解海洋内部异常及其动力过程有重要意义。如何从现有的海洋表层遥感观测资料提取海洋内部关键动力环境信息场是具有挑战性的海洋遥感技术前沿。本文采用支持向量回归(SVR)方法,通过卫星遥感观测获取的多源海表参量(海表高度异常(SSHA)、海表温度异常(SSTA)、海表盐度异常(SSSA)和海表风场异常(SSWA)),选择最优参量输入组合,感知海洋次表层温度异常(STA),并用实测Argo数据作精度验证。结果表明SVR模型可准确估算全球尺度的STA(1000 m深度以浅);当SVR输入变量为2个(SSHA、SSTA)、3个(SSHA、SSTA、SSSA)、4个(SSHA、SSTA、SSSA、SSWA)时对应的平均均方差(MSE)分别为0.0090、0.0086、0.0087,平均决定系数(R2)分别为0.443、0.457、0.485。因此,除了SSHA和SSTA外,SSSA与SSWA的输入对SVR模型的估算有积极影响,有助于提高STA的估算精度。在全球增暖与减缓背景下,该研究可为从表层卫星遥感观测提取海洋内部热力异常信息研究提供重要技术支持,有利于拓展卫星对海观测范围。     

LEO星载GPS PPP定位周期误差分析及处理策略

采用GRACE卫星的星载GPS观测数据进行动态精密单点定位解算,发现定位误差存在明显的周期特性,第一个特性为每间隔四天的定位误差序列的波形基本重合,第二个特性为相邻两天定位误差序列有横坐标平移的趋势.基于此,提出了两种消除周期性误差的方法,分别为基于中位数建模的周期项误差剔除方法和基于平移预报的周期项误差剔除方法.前者对一组数据序列中的中间序列的精度提升较为明显,后者对精度的提升在整体上较为稳定,对两种方法的改善效果进行综合分析,最终可以将定位精度从5 dm提高到2 dm,三个方向的均方根（RMS）值得到显著降低.      

基于时间序列分解的GPS卫星钟差预报

根据二次多项武和灰色模型在卫星钟差预报中的特点,本文提出以ARMA(Autoregressive Moving Aver-age)模型分别进行改进;对IGS(International GPS Service for Geodynamic)提供的精密钟差进行时间序列分解,根据预报时间的长短,趋势项分别采用二次多项式和灰...     

LEO satellite clock analysis and prediction for positioning applications

The positioning service aided by low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations has become a hot topic in recent years. To achieve precise positioning, accuracy of t...     

Swarm低轨卫星星座的GPS接收机差分码偏差估计

差分码偏差(differential code bias,DCB)是指由全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)信号接收和发射硬件导致的频率相关的偏差项,对电离层估计有显著的影响,在利用GNSS观测数据提取电离层总电子含量时需要被精确修正,研究利用低轨卫星的星载GNSS观测数据估计DCB尤为重要。使用Swarm星座3颗卫星GPS接收机2016年1月的双频观测值,设计了独立估计和联合估计两种估计方案,采用附加限制条件的间接平差方法对GPS卫星以及星载接收机的DCB进行估计。以中国科学院和德国宇航中心的DCB产品作为参考,分析了两种估计方案的精度和稳定性,相较于独立估计方案,联合估计方案得到的GPS卫星DCB的稳定性较独立估计方案提高了16.6%,且与参考DCB具有更好的一致性。     

利用高频GPS数据反演地震要素

介绍了利用高频GPS观测数据反演地震要素的原理和方法. 以2019年7月4日和7月6日发生在美国加州里奇克莱斯特的地震为研究对象,首先利用PRIDE PPP-AR软件进行动态精密单点定位解算以获得测站的位移时间序列,然后使用S变换对位移时间序列去噪,再根据去噪后的时间序列提取地震波的振幅与周期,并提出双重3-sigma法则以分别提取地震波的体波和面波到达时,最后据此反演出地震的震中位置、震级以及发震时刻. 根据本文提出的方法反演得到的震中位置与美国地质勘探局（USGS）发布的位置偏差在10 km左右,震级偏差在0.2级左右,发震时刻偏差在20 s以内. 结果表明,利用高频GPS数据可以较为准确地反演出地震要素.      

傅里叶级数拟合LEO轨道误差下的BDS/GPS/LEO精密单点定位

针对目前多数低轨道地球卫星(LEO)设计处于初步论证阶段,LEO轨道无法精确获取,轨道误差难以准确表述的问题,提出了一种傅里叶级数拟合LEO轨道误差下的BDS/GPS/LEO精密单点定位(PPP)分析方法.该方法根据LEO精密定轨后的轨道误差呈现准周期正弦特性,利用傅里叶级数拟合LEO轨道误差,并仿真生成LEO观测数据...     

北斗三号卫星多频多通道差分码偏差估计与分析

差分码偏差(DCB)是电离层建模与导航定位授时的主要误差源,北斗多频多通道信号衍生出一系列新的DCB.本文首先分析了北斗三号卫星的码观测值组合及可估的DCB类型,建立了北斗三号卫星多频码偏差估计的数学模型,利用IGS实测数据首次估计得到了22种不同类型的北斗DCB.在此基础上,全面比较分析了各类DCB的内符合精度、外符...     

基于RT-PPP的低轨卫星实时高精度时间同步方法

实现低轨导航增强的关键前提是实现低轨星座的整网时间同步,本文针对低轨导航增强系统,提出了一种基于实时精密单点定位(RT-PPP)的低轨卫星高精度时间同步方法,以解决低轨星座实时高精度时间同步的问题. 本文分析了在处理过程中存在的各类误差,介绍了低轨卫星采用状态空间(SSR)改正信息通过精密单点定位(PPP)实现实时高精度时间同步方法的处理流程,将此方法应用于气象、电离层与气候星座观测系统(COSMIC)卫星实测数据的处理,并将该方法与采用广播星历伪距的方法以及事后精密星历的方法进行了比较分析. 结果表明:采用SSR改正信息PPP的方式对2颗COSMIC卫星进行GPS双频观测值的解算,得到的轨道误差的标准差在分米级,钟差误差标准差分别在2.4 ns和2.3 ns左右,可以达到纳秒级. 通过对不同方法解算的结果进行比较可以看出,采用SSR改正信息PPP的方法明显优于采用广播星历伪距方法的解算精度,且与事后精密星历PPP的方法解算精度相当.      

Further observations of GPS satellite oscillator anomalies mimicking ionospheric phase scintillation

An incident has previously been reported where the signal from the Navstar 43 Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite contained phase anomalies in such a way as to mimic ionospheric scintillation. We have observed another 25 events from the same satellite, plus events from three more satellites. Our data includes simultaneous observations from widely spaced receivers (up to 6,590 km apart), from different manufacturers, further ruling out the possibility of local effects. Two of the events involved a satellite (GPS IIF SV-2) broadcasting the L2C signal. This signal contained phase deviations matching those of the L1 signal, but with a 120/154 multiplicative factor. This rules out the possibility of a genuine ionospheric scintillation event, as it does not match the plasma dispersion relation. It does, however, agree with what can be expected from an anomaly in the satellite’s oscillator. While the previously reported event could be dismissed as a freak occurrence, it is now apparent that these events are a persistent phenomenon. They have the potential to corrupt geophysical research with false data and to generate false alarms in systems to forewarn of GPS outages due to scintillation.     

风能方向性参量遥感反演

目前可遥感反演的海上风能参量主要为平均风速和平均风功率密度,缺乏对风能方向性参量的反演。本文建立了以风向频率、风能密度方向分布为核心的风能方向性参量体系及相应的反演方法,使用2007年—2016年ASCAT星载散射计观测数据进行了反演实验,并利用海上现场观测数据对反演结果进行比较验证,通过理论分析和模拟实验对反演方法的数据量需求和误差传递进行了分析。结果表明,90%的反演结果通过了所有的同一性检验,验证了其有效性和准确性;风向频率和风能密度方向分布准确反演所需的最小数据量分别为350条和800条;遥感反演的风速风向数据的误差使得最终反演的风能方向性参量趋于离散,真实的风能方向分布越集中,对其影响越敏感。     

Estimation of elevation-dependent satellite antenna phase center variations of GPS satellites

A method for the estimation of the phase center variations of GPS satellite antennas using global GPS data is presented. First estimations have shown an encouraging repeatability from day to day and between satellites of the same block. Thus, two different satellite antenna patterns for Block II/IIA and for Block IIR with a range of about 4 cm and an accuracy of less than 1 mm could be found. The present approach allows the creation of a consistent set of receiver and satellite antenna patterns and phase center offsets. Thereby, it is possible to switch from relative to absolute phase center variations without a scale problem in global networks. This changeover has an influence on troposphere parameters, reduces systematic effects due to uncorrect antenna modeling and should diminish the elevation dependence of GPS results. AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Prof. G. Seeber (University of Hannover) and Dr. G. Wübbena (Geo++ GmbH) and their groups for their kindness in making available the absolute field calibration results derived from robot measurements.     

应用Kalman滤波实时求解硬件延迟

采用均方根信息滤波(SRIF)方法,对IGS站实时观测数据进行了单历元解算,以便将卫星钟差等相关信息及时播发给用户,以进行实时精密定位。试验结果表明,GPS实时单历元解算的精密卫星钟差与IGS事后精密钟差相比,互差优于0.2ns,其精度与国际IGS各分析中心估计的卫星钟差精度相当。     

Fast error analysis of continuous GPS observations

It has been generally accepted that the noise in continuous GPS observations can be well described by a power-law plus white noise model. Using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) the numerical values of the noise model can be estimated. Current methods require calculating the data covariance matrix and inverting it, which is a significant computational burden. Analysing 10 years of daily GPS solutions of a single station can take around 2 h on a regular computer such as a PC with an AMD Athlon^TM 64 X2 dual core processor. When one analyses large networks with hundreds of stations or when one analyses hourly instead of daily solutions, the long computation times becomes a problem. In case the signal only contains power-law noise, the MLE computations can be simplified to a process where N is the number of observations. For the general case of power-law plus white noise, we present a modification of the MLE equations that allows us to reduce the number of computations within the algorithm from a cubic to a quadratic function of the number of observations when there are no data gaps. For time-series of three and eight years, this means in practise a reduction factor of around 35 and 84 in computation time without loss of accuracy. In addition, this modification removes the implicit assumption that there is no environment noise before the first observation. Finally, we present an analytical expression for the uncertainty of the estimated trend if the data only contains power-law noise. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

GPS卫星钟噪声类型分析

介绍了原子钟的噪声模型及表征原子钟稳定度的Allan方差,给出了两种(斜率法和两种Allan方差比较法)确定原子钟噪声类型的方法,并利用这两种方法分析了几颗GPS卫星钟的噪声类型,得出不同种类卫星钟的噪声类型不同,同一种类卫星钟的噪声类型也不完全相同。     

基于广播星历和神经网络的GPS卫星坐标计算方法

通过在开普勒轨道模型中加入神经网络算法,得到一种全新的卫星坐标计算的混合模型:基于广播星历和神经网络混合模型,从而提高了利用广播星历计算卫星坐标的精度.计算结果表明:混合模型较传统的开普勒轨道模型在X、Y、Z3个方向上卫星坐标计算的精度提高了约10％.     

Denoising effect of multiscale multiway analysis on high-rate GPS observations

GPS Solutions - In general, high-rate GPS data sets are subject to common mode error (CME), multipath error, and high-frequency random noise, which adversely affect the GPS positioning accuracy. In...     

抗差估计在GPS网平面坐标转换中的应用

为了消除转换基准点中存在的显著位移对求解转换参数的影响,基于最小二乘原理,给出了抗差估计理论求参的转换模型、处理流程及转换后的地面网精度评定的方法。通过实例分析,验证了运用该模型进行坐标转换的准确性和可靠性。