西部地下水勘查的基础地质问题与关键地球物理技术

介绍了基础地质问题研究对西部深层地下水文地质研究的重要意义，就西部地下水研究的特殊性，针对性地提出了地球物理的解决方法和思路，在利用已有的地球物理资料研究基础地质问题的过程中，介绍重要的地球物理方法技术及研究工作步骤，针对这些方法技术在应用中面临的问题和技术本身存在的不足，提出了具体解决方案和研发部署，针对已有资料的局限性和西部地下水的特殊性，提出研究高精度地震静校正、全波处理等方法技术。     

国内外地震安全性评价中地震地质工作的现状

在我国，地震地质工作在地震安全性评价中已得到充分应用，但也存在着没有统一标志、断层分段活动性重视不够等一些问题，提出了地震安全性评价中地震地质工作的主攻方向及需要深入研究的问题。     

在国民经济建设中地震勘探技术新前景

在国民经济建设中地震勘探技术新前景应用地震勘探技术，以解决油气勘探方面的诸多地质问题，在我国可以追朔到本世纪五十年代。在那时，我国年青的地质工作者即以这种方法进行各种类型储油构造的详查工作，为后来我国东部突破石油大关发挥了核心作用，留下了我国地质工作...     

昌马断裂带触冻泥石流的基本特征

根据详细的野外地质调查和地质探槽资料，本文讨论了昌马断裂带融冻泥石流的形态特征，内部结构特征以及雪蚀洼地的特征及其形成机理等问题。     

辽宁核电站温坨子厂址的地震地质研究

辽宁省瓦房店温坨子是东北地区第一个被选用的核电站厂址。但在厂址认定过程中对一些地震地质问题存在不同看法，为此，进行了一两年的深入研究。本文着重介绍了这个认定过程中的几个地震地质问题；针对这些问题进行的三方面的研究以及研究工作取得的认识。     

浅地层剖面仪在水域工程勘察中的应用

扼要介绍了水上浅地层剖面仪的方法技术，列举了该法在浅海，内河和湖泊减种典型环境及相应的地质条件下勘测所得到的剖面记录及地质解释结果，指出了运用该方法所能解决的工程地质问题。     

甘肃定西公路建设中的工程地质问题分析

定西市处于祁—吕—贺兰山字型构造与河西构造两大地质构造体系的复合部位，滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害与不良地质发育。依据地质调查、新建公路的规划勘察等资料，系统分析气象水文、地形地貌、地质构造与公路建设中的若干工程地质问题。分析发现：特殊的地理位置和地质环境决定了不同的气象水文与地貌类型。按气候特征将定西地区划分为渭河以北的黄土丘陵沟壑区和以南的高寒阴湿区，前者频繁发生滑坡、崩塌、黄土陷穴等地质问题，后者主要发生泥石流，同时广泛分布滑坡、崩塌等，湿陷性黄土、疏松砂岩、软岩破碎与大变形等特殊岩土与不良地质问题影响严重制约着公路走廊带选择、路线方案的地质安全和构筑物布置与施工。针对上述公路沿线的工程地质问题，深入探讨工程地质问题的分布规律与发育特征，并给出了调查分析与防治措施，为区域内工程施工与防灾减灾提供依据与理论支撑。     

面向21世纪的中国工程地质

本文结合学科学发展，国民经济建设，资源开发及地质环境保护，评述了面向２１世纪中国工程地质学的发展方向和主题，提出了面向２１世纪工程地质学在基础理论与技术及重点应解决的重大工程地质问题等方面的一些建议和措施。     

矿山环境地质研究与预防

中国是世界上矿山环境地质问题多发的国家之一。矿山环境地质问题关系到国计民生,关系到社会的可持续发展,文章指出了问题发生的原因有客观原因和主观原因两类,并系统分析了常见矿山环境地质问题各类型的特征。矿山环境地质问题是项综合的系统工程,阐述了对问题的防治和保障矿业开发及生态环境保护协调发展应重视的问题。     

筼筜湖--钟宅湾运河开通的环境地质影响

论述了筼筜港形成的地质构造成因、演化简史和筼筜港-钟宅断裂带的活动性。指出筼筜湖-钟宅湾运河开通可能存在相关的不良环境地质影响及区内普遍存在的对抗震不利的软土地基等问题。认为筼筜湖-钟宅湾运河的开通不能急于求成，要等有了解决可能产生的影响环境地质问题的办法和防范措施后，才可实施。     

中国四川地区地球磁场强度的长期变化

运用 Thellier 逐步热退磁法,主要测定了我国四川一些地区新石器时期至明、清各朝代的地球磁场总强度值。本文结果表明,在过去5000多年里,该地区地球磁场的总强度随时间呈较大幅度的变化。将该地区与我国其它相关地区地球磁场总强度的长期变化曲线进行对比研究的结果表明:变化的总趋势大致可比,但最高值出现的时间不同.从过去四千年间,新疆、四川、广东、福建及洛阳一些地区的地球磁场强度变化曲线中最高峰和跨时千余年的"M"型变化中低峰出现的时间推得的滞后速度在0.01°—0.03°/a 之间。     

中国四川地区地球磁场强度的长期变化

运用 Thellier 逐步热退磁法,主要测定了我国四川一些地区新石器时期至明、清各朝代的地球磁场总强度值。本文结果表明,在过去5000多年里,该地区地球磁场的总强度随时间呈较大幅度的变化。将该地区与我国其它相关地区地球磁场总强度的长期变化曲线进行对比研究的结果表明:变化的总趋势大致可比,但最高值出现的时间不同.从过去四千年间,新疆、四川、广东、福建及洛阳一些地区的地球磁场强度变化曲线中最高峰和跨时千余年的"M"型变化中低峰出现的时间推得的滞后速度在0.01°-0.03°/a 之间。     

Variations in geomagnetic intensity and temperature in the second Millennium B.C. in Spain

The Bronze ceramics of the Baeza archeological monument in Spain is studied by archaeomagnetic methods. In the 19th and 18th centuries B.C, the intensity of the geomagnetic field varied from 40 to 60 mkT. The variations are smooth; they attained their maximum in the 16th to 15th centuries B.C. The obtained data on the variations in the geomagnetic intensity perfectly agree with the results of previous investigations for the ceramics from the Bronze Age multilayered archeological monuments Azuer and Ubeda. The temperature in the region of the Baeza monument is estimated in the interval from the 18th to the 13th centuries B.C. It experiences wave-like variation, ranging from ??15 to 23°C and attains its maximum in the 16th century B.C.     

用不完整的地震资料估计地震矩年变化率

在充分考虑现有地震资料的不完备性和震级服从两端截去泊松分布的条件下,建立了用历史地震资料和现代地震资料及考古地震资料计算地震矩年变化率的方法。计算了西南地区几个地震带的地震矩年变化率,并与地质资料得到的结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法是切实可行的     

High-temperature archeointensity measurements from Mesopotamia

We present new archeointensity results obtained from 127 potsherds and baked brick fragments dated from the last four millennia BC which were collected from different Syrian archeological excavations. High temperature magnetization measurements were carried out using a laboratory-built triaxial vibrating sample magnetometer (Triaxe), and ancient field intensity determinations were derived from the experimental procedure described by Le Goff and Gallet [Le Goff and Gallet. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 229 (2004) 31–43]. As some of the studied samples were previously analyzed using the classical Thellier and Thellier [Thellier and Thellier . Ann. Geophys. 15 (1959) 285–376] method revised by Coe [Coe. J. Geophys. Res. 72 (1967) 3247–3262], a comparison of the results is made from the two methods. The differences both at the fragment and site levels are mostly within ± 5%, which strengthens the validity of the experimental procedure developed for the Triaxe. The new data help to better constrain the geomagnetic field intensity variations in Mesopotamia during archeological times, with the probable occurrence of an archeomagnetic jerk around 2800–2600 BC.     

G7公路甘肃段爆破施工对土遗址震动影响的检测与分析

近年来土遗址受城市建设和交通施工损害的现象时有发生,对于这些人为因素对遗址的影响缺乏有效的检测与评估手段。本文基于G7高速公路的爆破振动观测,进行质点峰值加速度和峰值速度的衰减分析,开展爆破震动对附近明水军事要塞土遗址震动影响的研究。通过对竖向、水平向的振动加速度和速度的观测和数据分析,得出不同药量条件下,对应相同质点的震动峰值加速度衰减规律。提出了公路爆破附近土遗址震动控制范围和最大药量的施工建议,为爆破附近有土遗址的施工提供了数据支持,相应的结论和建议可以在同类土遗址保护中参考使用。     

On traces of a strong earthquake in walls of the Sary-Bulun medieval sites along the great silk route (western Issyk-Kul Lake region,Northern Tien Shan)

The Sary-Bulun archeological sites located along the Great Silk Route of medieval times are studied. The study revealed a number of the deformations of seismogenic origin: tilts, shifts, and collapse and lateral bends of walls as well as long fissures in corner parts of the rooms. Judging by archeological artifacts, the seismic event occurred at the end of the 12th–beginning of the 13th century AD. Judging by degree of damage, the intensity of this ancient earthquake was I ≥ VIII on the MSK-64. The source of the seismic oscillations was apparently located in the faults cutting the active Boz-Barmak anticline. The studied archeological sites are located on the western limb of this anticline structure. In the medieval period, the Sary-Bulun settlements were the largest metallurgic centers of the Issyk-Kul depression and, thus, they are of a great significance for studying industrial processes of that time.     

Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves and Down-Hole Tests in the Archeological “Palatine Hill” Area (Rome,Italy): Evaluation and Influence of 2D Effects on the Shear Wave Velocity

A joint analysis of down-hole (DH) and multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) measurements offers a complete evaluation of shear wave velocity profiles, especially for sites where a strong lateral variability is expected, such as archeological sites. In this complex stratigraphic setting, the high “subsoil anisotropy” (i.e., sharp lithological changes due to the presence of anthropogenic backfill deposits and/or buried man-made structures) implies a different role for DH and MASW tests. This paper discusses some results of a broad experimental program conducted on the Palatine Hill, one of the most ancient areas of the city of Rome (Italy). The experiments were part of a project on seismic microzoning and consisted of 20 MASW and 11 DH tests. The main objective of this study was to examine the difficulties related to the interpretation of the DH and MASW tests and the reliability limits inherent in the application of the noninvasive method in complex stratigraphic settings. As is well known, DH tests provide good determinations of shear wave velocities (Vs) for different lithologies and man-made materials, whereas MASW tests provide average values for the subsoil volume investigated. The data obtained from each method with blind tests were compared and were correlated to site-specific subsurface conditions, including lateral variability. Differences between punctual (DH) and global (MASW) Vs measurements are discussed, quantifying the errors by synthetic comparison and by site response analyses. This study demonstrates that, for archeological sites, V_S profiles obtained from the DH and MASW methods differ by more than 15 %. However, the local site effect showed comparable results in terms of natural frequencies, whereas the resolution of the inverted shear wave velocity was influenced by the fundamental mode of propagation.     

Georadar studies on St. Benedict’s Church on Lasota Hill,Kraków,Poland

Georadar methodology has a considerable potential as a tool for verification of archeological hypotheses. I applied it in the present study to resolve a discussion on the importance of a Proto-Romanesque structure located on Lasota Hill. It is one of the oldest structures on the right bank of Vistula River in Kraków in Poland and some archeologists believe that it was the first seat of the rulers of Lesser Poland in the 9th century. After few decades, the prince’s castle was built on Wawel Hill, where subsequently the royal castle was constructed. On the place of the abandoned Proto-Romanesque edifice, a small St. Benedict’s Church was raised, but the importance of its predecessor was discussed. Archeological excavations suggested that it served as the prince’s residence, but this view would be much strengthened if traces of a prince’s building — palatium — could be found. With this in mind, I undertook a search for traces of palatium, employing georadar methodology. I carried out the measurements using Georadar PROEX produced by MALA Geoscience with a set of shielded antennas of frequencies 500 and 800 MHz. They permitted to construct echogram profiles, whose interpretation suggested the existence of palatium. Thus, the georadar data supported the archeological hypothesis about the important role of the Proto-Romanesque structures on Lasota Hill in the early medieval era in Poland, and at the same time demonstrated the usefulness of introducing geophysical methods to archaeology.     

利用瞬变电磁和多频电磁方法监测地下水位及其对Hawara遗址的影响

利用瞬变电磁（TEM）和地面电磁（GEM）方法,本文研究了埃及Hawara遗址区的地下水对遗址的影响.这个遗址包括Hawara金字塔、北区墓地、以及被称作“迷宫”的南区墓葬场所.现今Hawara遗址已经完全荒废,被耕作区和Bahr Wahba运河包围.地表水和地下水会破坏Hawara金字塔和“迷宫”遗址的地基,现在金字塔入口已被淹没至地面下约6 m深处.本文在耕作区、金字塔以及“迷宫”等三个地区进行了TEM勘察;在“迷宫”地区进行了GEM勘察.综合分析以上两种勘察数据,我们发现,农业灌溉是浸入到地下的水的主要来源;本地区地下水位随着观测点及海拔的不同,在地面以下2~7 m之间变化.