近60a来南京季节变化特征分析

利用1951年1月-2010年12月南京市逐日气温观测资料,依据张宝堃应用候平均气温稳定通过某一临界值划分四季的标准,建立了近60 a南京的季节平均气温的时间序列,分析了近60a南京春、夏、秋、冬四季开始、结束及持续时间的变化特征,给出了季节气温的变化趋势以及候平均与入季时间、季节持续时间的相关分析.结果表明:近60a,南京入冬时间推迟,入夏时间提前.冬季变短,缩短的平均速率为2.9 d/10a;夏季变长,增加的平均速率为4.1d/10a;秋季变短,缩短的平均速率为1.5d/10a;春季略有些变长.南京冬、春季平均气温升高,且冬季气温升高更为显著,而夏、秋季平均气温下降,秋季气温下降略明显于夏季.冬季最低气温有升高的趋势,夏季最高气温与年较差有下降的趋势.春季入季时间与春季的平均气温成正相关,而秋季的入季时间与秋季平均气温成负相关;夏季的平均最低气温和平均气温与夏季的长度成负相关,冬季的平均最高气温和冬季的长度成正相关.     

丽水市1953—2010年气温变化对四季长度的影响

根据丽水市国家气象观测站1953-2010年逐日气温资料,按照国家季节划分标准对四季长度进行划分,运用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验和滑动t检验对四季长度和气温变化的趋势演变、突变转折进行研究,从而探讨气温变化对四季长度的影响。结果表明：丽水市四季长度表现为夏季最长,冬季次之,春季和秋季相接近,秋季略短。四季长度的变化趋势为春、秋季长度延长缓慢,夏季变长明显,冬季长度缩短显著。近58 a丽水市气温呈明显的上升趋势,气候倾斜率为0.17℃/10a。气温变化对四季长度有较大的影响,尤其以冬季最为显著。突变检验表明,气温上升与冬季长度缩短的突变时间都在20世纪90年代中期;相关性检验显示气温与冬季长度的负相关最明显,通过α=0.01的显著性检验。     

丽水市1953—2010年气温变化对四季长度的影响

根据丽水市国家气象观测站1953-2010年逐日气温资料,按照国家季节划分标准对四季长度进行划分,运用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验和滑动t检验对四季长度和气温变化的趋势演变、突变转折进行研究,从而探讨气温变化对四季长度的影响。结果表明：丽水市四季长度表现为夏季最长,冬季次之,春季和秋季相接近,秋季略短。四季长度的变化趋势为春、秋季长度延长缓慢,夏季变长明显,冬季长度缩短显著。近58年丽水气温呈明显的升温趋势,气候倾斜率为0.17℃/10a。气温变化对四季长度有较大的影响,尤其以冬季最为显著。突变检验表明,气温上升与冬季长度缩短的突变时间都在90年代中期;相关性检验显示气温与冬季长度的负相关最明显,突破99%置信度检验。     

杭州市四季气候变化特征分析

利用1951年1月—2019年3月杭州市国家基准气候站历史观测资料,参照《气候季节划分》气象行业标准,对过去68 a来杭州常年和历年四季的起止日、长度、气温和降水气候特征进行分析,结果表明:1)杭州四季中,夏季最长、秋季最短;夏季入季呈提前趋势、入秋呈推后趋势,使夏季长度变长,每10 a约增加4.31 d;2)冬天入季呈推迟趋势、春季开始呈提前趋势,致冬季长度缩短,每10 a约减少2.76 d;3)冬季气温升高明显,每10 a增温0.24℃;4)四季中,春季降水呈减少趋势、夏季呈增加趋势,变化幅度分别为每10 a 18.5和28.8 mm。     

近56 a湖北荆州四季初日与季节长度变化特征

利用1960—2015年湖北省荆州市6个国家地面气象观测站的逐日平均气温资料,采用候气温分析荆州春、夏、秋、冬四季初日与长度变化特征,结果表明:荆州近56 a四季初日表现为春季和夏季提前,秋季和冬季推迟;春、夏和秋季初日随年代变化显著,而冬季初日随年代变化不显著。季节平均长度夏季和冬季为120 d左右,春季和秋季为60 d左右,夏季日数冬季日数春季日数秋季日数。从年际变化来看,夏季变长,冬季缩短,春秋季变化不明显;从年代际变化来看,夏季明显变长,秋季和冬季缩短较明显,而春季变化不明显。     

贵州玉屏四季气候季节的划分及特征分析

利用玉屏国家地面气象观测站1961—2016年逐日平均气温资料,采用《气候季节划分》(QX/T15—2012)方法,对玉屏县四季起始日期及长度进行分析。结果表明:(1)玉屏县常年四季起始日期:入春3月5日,入夏5月23日,入秋9月22日,入冬11月28日;四季长度:春季79 d,夏季122 d,秋季67 d,冬季97 d。(2)56 a来玉屏县春季起始日期呈提前趋势,长度呈增加趋势,两者均在20世纪90年代前后出现了转折,但未发生气候突变;夏季起始日期及长度趋势变化不明显;秋季起始日期呈推后趋势,长度变化不明显;冬季起始日期变化不明显,长度呈减少趋势;春季长度增加、冬季长度减少主要为春季起始日期提前所致。(3)玉屏县四季起始日期的年际变幅大,起始日期比常年偏早(晚)连续2候以上的异常年份,春季为23%,夏季为27%,秋季为32%,冬季为25%。(4)玉屏县春季开始后出现低于季节指标≥1候的概率达41%,表明玉屏县春季出现倒春寒天气的概率很大。(5)比较气象行标法与稳定通过法的四季起始日期及长度,气象行标法对玉屏县的四季划分更能满足于农业生产的需要。     

1961—2017年云南季节变化特征分析

参照《中华人民共和国气象行业标准-气候季节划分》（QX/T 152-2012）中关于气候季节的定义标准,利用1961-2017年云南122个气象站的气温资料,分析了云南的气候季节区域的空间分布和季节开始日期及长度的变化趋势。云南共有4种气候季节区域,分别是四季分明区、无夏区、无冬区和常春区。无夏区范围最广,无冬区其次。不同年代四种季节气候区域空间分布范围不尽相同,无夏区和无冬区空间范围变化最显著。2011年以后云南出现四季分明区范围明显增大的现象,这与近年来气候变暖背景下云南气温年较差增大的观测事实相一致。云南四季分明区春季和秋季较长,夏季和冬季较短。无夏区秋季最长、春季次之、冬季最短。无冬区夏季最长、春季和秋季长度接近。不同气候季节区域间春季和夏季开始日期的变化均呈提早趋势,秋季和冬季开始日期有推迟的趋势;在季节长度变化上,夏季增长,冬季变短,但春秋季长度的变化不尽相同。     

近44a济南市四季变化气候分析

利用济南市所属6个国家级地面气象观测站的1971—2014年44a的逐日气温资料,从气象角度分析了济南市近44a四季开始时间和持续期的变化特征。结果显示：近44a来,济南春季、夏季和秋季开始时间呈现出提前的趋势,春季开始时间变化在四季中变化最为明显,秋季开始时间变化在四季中变化最为缓慢;冬季开始时间呈现出推迟的趋势。济南春季、夏季和秋季持续时间呈现出增长的趋势,夏季持续时间变化在四季中变化最为缓慢;冬季持续时间呈现出缩短的趋势,冬季持续时间变化在四季中最为明显。     

贵阳地区气候季节变化对心脑血管发病人数占比的影响研究

利用1961—2020年贵阳市所辖8个地面站点逐日气象观测资料,根据中国气象行业气候季节划分标准（QX/T152—2012）对其进行气候季节划分并分析季节漂移现象,基于“黄金分割率”的人体舒适度计算方法分析贵阳地区人体舒适度等级变化,结合贵阳地区2016—2020年心脑血管疾病发病人数门诊资料就当地气候季节漂移和舒适度等级变化对居民心脑血管疾病发病人数占比影响进行探究。结果表明：（1）贵阳地区春季的起止时间呈提前态势,秋季的起止时间有推迟态势,由此造成当地夏季正逐渐延长,冬季正逐渐缩短,从年代际看,夏季从44 d增加到76 d,冬季从130 d缩短到100 d;春季和秋季在长度上无明显变化,但在时间段上有漂移现象,经计算,春季的起始时间漂移度为16.3%,结束时间漂移度为18.3%,秋季的起始时间漂移度为25.6%,结束时间漂移度为14.6%。（2）贵阳地区夏季心脑血管疾病发病人数日占比为0.24%,冬季发病人数日占比为0.31%,随着气候变暖造成的夏季增长、冬季缩短,对贵阳地区居民心脑血管疾病发病人数占-1.62%;不同舒适域等级日数的改变对心脑血管发病人数占-0.87%,两者均表明...     

建瓯市48a四季长短及极端气温变化特征

在全球气候变暖的背景下,近些年建瓯气温明显升高,使得建瓯四季的起止时间和长度发生了明显的改变.通过对1961-2008年建瓯温度资料分析发现:建瓯夏季起始日提早,冬季起始日推迟,春、秋季起始日相对稳定;夏季持续时间延长,春、冬季时间缩短,秋季持续时间稳定.日极端最低气温的增温幅度明显高于日极端最高气温的增温幅度,且日极端最低气温＜3.0 ℃的天数(即霜日)明显减少、日最高气温＞35 ℃的天数(即高温日数)变化不明显.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.