长江口及其邻近陆架沉积物中226Ra和210Pb的分布特征

本文利用放射化学分析法测定了长江口及其邻近陆架沉积物中~(226)Ra和~(210)Pb的含量。结果表明,在该海区的沉积物中,~(226)Ra含量的水平分布随经度增加而直线下降,而~(210)Pb含量的水平分布则随经度增加而直线上升,二者形成明显的同步反向分布。     

海水中的18O/16O比值及其应用

氧是地球上最丰富的元素,自然界中的氧元素实际上是多个稳定同位素(~(16)O,~(17)O,~(18)O)的混合物,它们的丰度相差很大,~(18)O占0.1995％,~(16)O占99.763％,~(17)O只占0.0375％。由于氧同位素丰度大,质量差也大,因此,可以测定~(18)O/~(16)O的比值,并且通过比值的变化了解     

光照、温度对小球藻吸收60Co,137Cs影响的实验研究

本文研究了光照、温度对小球藻(Chlorella sp.)吸收~(60)Co和~(137)Cs以及对生长的影响。实验是在~(60)Co,~(137)Cs混合示踪条件下进行的,结果表明:(1)小球藻对~(60)Co有着很高的累积能力,而对~(137)Cs的累积能力较低;(2)光照无论对藻吸收~(60)Co还是吸收~(137)Cs的浓缩系数的影响都是全光照>半光照>黑暗;(3)温度升高藻吸收~(60)Co的浓缩系数增大;(4)小球藻在全光照、28℃时的生长最好,而在黑暗、35℃时的生长最差。     

海水中137Cs/90Sr的比值

在海洋环境中,放射性核素~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs的测定占有重要的位置。 研究~(137)Cs/~(90)Sr比值,有助于了解这两个核素的地球化学过程、分馏现象以及在海洋中的归宿。同时,还可以根据其比值和其中一个核素的含量,推算出另一个核素的浓度。 一、核爆炸后的~(137)Cs/~(90)Sr比值 1965年,Harley等人根据百万吨级的核     

EFFECTS OF 137Cs, 131I AND 32P ON THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF MUSSEL AND SEA-URCHIN

Preliminary investigations were recently made in laboratory on the effects of low-levelradioactivity contaminated by radioisotopes using embryonic of mussel (Mytilus edulis) andsea-urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) as the material. The gametes and various stagesof fertilized eggs of mussel and sea-urchin were maintained in seawater contaminated with~(137)Cs (~(131)I or ~(32)P) over the concentration range 10~(-10)Ci/L to 10~(-2) Ci/L. The effects     

渤海海洋环境中90Sr分布规律的研究

本文根据1980—1981年间渤海放射性调查获得的资料,探讨了渤海环境中~(90)Sr的含量分布及其变化规律。认为大陆径流以及~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs两核素被土壤吸附和从土壤中解吸的能力差异,是影响渤海环境中~(90)Sr分布及造成~(137)Cs/~(90)Sr比值严重反常的主要因素。     

冲绳海槽沉积物中U,Ra,Th,40K的地球化学研究

U,Ra,Th和~(40)K是广泛分布于自然界中的天然放射性元素,研究其形态、含量、分布和转移规律是地球化学的重要内容。海洋沉积物是一个非常复杂的体系,除自身包括许多同位素以外,还可以从海水中吸附和交换一些同位素。海洋沉积物中的同位素含量很     

冬季台湾海峡210Po和210Pb的分布特征及颗粒物的输出

~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb are increasingly used to constrain particle dynamics in the open oceans, however they are less used in coastal waters. Here, distributions and partitions of ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb were examined in the Taiwan Strait, as well as their application to quantify particle sinking. Activity concentrations of dissolved ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb(0.6 μm)ranged from 1.21 to 7.63 dpm/(100 L) and from 1.07 to 6.33 dpm/(100 L), respectively. Activity concentrations of particulate ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb varied from 1.96 to 36.74 dpm/(100 L) and from 3.11 to 38.06 dpm/(100 L). Overall,particulate ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb accounted for the majority of the bulk ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb. 210 Po either in dissolved or particulate phases showed similar spatial patterns to 210 Pb, indicating similar mechanisms for controlling the distributions of ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb in the Taiwan Strait. The different fractionation coefficients indicated that particles in the Zhemin Coastal Current(ZCC) inclined to absorb 210 Po prior to 210 Pb while they showed an opposite effect in the Taiwan Warm Current(TWC). Based on the disequilibria between ~(210) Po and ~(210) Pb, the sinking fluxes of total particulate matter(TPM) were estimated to range from –0.22 to 3.84 g/(m2·d), showing an overall comparable spatial distribution to previous reported sediment accumulation rates. However, our sinking fluxes were lower than the sedimentation rates, indicating a sediment resuspension in winter and horizontal transport of particulate matter from the Taiwan Strait to the East China Sea.     

石盐的36Cl断代法

讨论了~936)Cl的成因、~(36)Cl断代法的原理及测试方法。自1987年以来,应用该方法测得柴达木盆地尕斯库勒湖和大浪滩湖石盐的沉积年龄,并与~(14)C,~(230)Th和古地磁测年法所测得的年龄数据进行对比,结果均在误差(1δ)范围内相吻合,表明石盐的~(36)Cl断代法是可行的,获得的年龄数据是可靠的。     

渤海湾沉积物中90Sr的研究

人工放射性核素及其地球化学行为的研究已成为当前海洋科学的重要内容之一。由于~(90)Sr是重要的裂变产物,在沉积化学、地球化学、海洋环境学和生物学的研究中都具有较重要的意义,故各国均比较重视。据统计,关于海水中~(90)Sr问题的研究最多,而沉积物较少。1981年,我们对渤海湾沉积物中的~(90)Sr进行了初步调查,根据所获资料,讨论了其分布规律和转移方式以及造成不同放射水平的原因。     

南海东北部表层沉积物天然放射性核素与137Cs

用HPGeγ谱仪测定了南海东北部表层沉积物中的放射性核素.结果给出7种核素的平均比活度分别为40K:538Bq/kg,210Pb:116Bq/kg,226Ra:27.7Bq/kg,228Ra:4.49Bq/kg,228Th:42.0Bq/kg,238U:35.4Bq/kg和137Cs:1.16Bq/kg,210Pb的比活度随离岸距离增大,226Ra比活度随离岸距离没有明显变化,其余核素比活度随离岸距离减小.与对我国近海其他海域报道的沉积物放射性核素含量相比,40K和137Cs稍低于其他海域,其余核素为中等水平.     

南极长城站附近企鹅栖息地粪土沉积地层放射性核素210Pb定年

用γ谱方法测定了南极长城站附近特有生物群落栖息地沉积物中放射性核素含量,地表沉积物中40K,137Cs,210Pb,226Ra,228Ra,228Th.和238U平均比活度,分别为143,7.56,24.1,3.65,5.36,4.15和6.5Bq/kg.同时测试了阿德雷岛企鹅栖息地粪土沉积地层中放射性核素含量,利用其中的210Pb比活度,210Pb_ex垂向变化特征,推演沉积物的沉积速率和地质历史年代:其中AD1-a柱样时间跨度约为74a(1928~2002年),据此计算了沉积速率为0.063mm/a(r=0.794),并讨论了在南极特定条件下,放射性核素示踪对定年影响以及与区域现代气候环境变化的内在联系.     

沉积物中^238U等9种放射性核素γ谱法同时测定

本文报道了为测量沉积物中的γ放射性核素,用一个ＨＰＧｅ探测器γ谱仪同时记录１０－２００ｋｅＶ能区能谱和１００－２０００ｋｅＶ能区能谱的方法,一次谱数据收集可同时测定出＾２３８Ｕ、＾２３５Ｕ、＾２１０Ｐｂ、＾２３８Ｔｈ、＾２２８Ｒａ、＾２２６Ｒａ、＾４０Ｋ、＾６０Ｃｏ和＾１３７Ｃｓ等核素的比活度。     

Neutron activation analysis(NAA) and geochemical studies of 38 elements in surface sediments from lower reach and estuary of Huanghe(Yellow) River

Using a neutron activation analysis technique, which involves gamma-spectrometry with a Ge(Li) detector coupled to a S40 multichannel analyzer and interfaced to a PDP-11 computer, we determined thirty-eight elements in sediments from the lower reach (downstream from Jinan) and estuary of Huanghe. The results are discussed in this paper.From inter-elemental correlations, it ts found that a large number of metals (Mn.As, Co, Cr.Cs, Rb, Sc, Ti, Ta, V and Zn) correlate positively with Fe. Ba and Ca correlate positively with Al. Whereas some elements (e. g. , Ti and lanthanides) show no correlation with either Fe or Al. On the other hand, Hf and Zr show a negative correlation with Fe. Elements which tend to be scavenged by Fe and Al colloids or suspended particles are enriched in sediments at the Huanghe Estuary relative to its lower reach. On the other hand, the contents of some elements (e. g. , Zr,Hf,U, Ba, etc. )are higher in sediments from the lower reach of Huanghe than in the estuarine sediments,which     

224,223Ra和137Cs在吕宋海峡及周边海域的分布以及其对“彩虹”台风的响应

本文报道2015年9月和2016年5月期间天然放射性核素²²⁴Ra和²²³Ra在吕宋海峡及周边海域表层和垂向水体的分布特征。为理解日本福岛核事故的影响,本文亦分析研究区域内人工放射性核素¹³⁷Cs的分布特征。结果表明,^224,223Ra和¹³⁷Cs比活度水平均处于我国南海海洋天然放射性本底变化范围之内。²²⁴Ra在吕宋海峡以西南海北部海域比活度较高,在吕宋海峡以东菲律宾海域比活度较低。¹³⁷Cs没有明显的分布趋势。基于三站位（LS3,LS5和LS8）²²⁴Ra、¹³⁷Cs以及温盐的垂向分布特征,本文揭示²²⁴Ra和¹³⁷Cs在热带表层水、次表层水和中-深层水中比活度水平和梯度变化的差异特征。彩虹台风事件扭转了整个吕宋海峡及周边海域的海流循环过程。大量以低水平²²⁴Ra为特征的西太平洋海水涌入南海,降低水体²²⁴Ra比活度水平。但是,西太平洋和南海北部海域水体¹³⁷Cs比活度水平没有明显差异,台风导致的海流变化对水体¹³⁷Cs比活度没有明显影响。     

Plutonium and cesium radionuclides in sediments of the Savannah River estuary

A study was made of the ²³⁹Pu, ²⁴⁰Pu, ²³⁸Pu and ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in tidal marsh sediments of the Savannah River estuary. Tidal marshes are identified as special locations for plutonium deposition because of the high biological productivity and relative stability of sediments as compared to channel sediments. The ^239,240Pu deposition averaged 3·2 mCi km⁻², which is higher than land-based fallout values of about 2 mCi km⁻². The ^239,240Pu to ¹³⁷Cs ratio was about three times higher than fallout deposition estimates, indicating a more rapid desorption of ¹³⁷Cs from sediment in the saline waters of the area.     

Geochemical cycling in the Hooghly estuary, India

U–Th decay series isotopes, δ¹⁸O and Si measurements in the river estuarine waters and sediments of the polluted Hooghly estuary as well as the surface waters of the Bay of Bengal, its high salinity end member, are reported. Dissolved Si indicates that there are probably two mixing regimes, dissolved U behaviour is nonconservative and δ¹⁸O behaves conservatively in the overall estuarine region. Isotopes of reactive elements, viz. ²³⁴Th and ²¹⁰Po, are removed from the estuarine waters in <2 days and <1 month, respectively, which is due to high suspended matter (30–301 mg l⁻¹). ²²⁸Ra and ²²⁶Ra are profusely released into the estuarine waters in the low to mid-salinity regions.As expected, the opposite trend is observed in the case of estuarine sediments and suspended matter. Reactive isotopes of Th, ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po are enriched, whereas Ra isotopes are depleted with respect to their parent nuclides in the estuarine sediments and suspended matter. ²³²Th/Al ratio appears well suited to study the distribution and mixing of the bed load sediments of the Ganga–Brahmaputra (G–B) and the Hooghly rivers with those from other rivers on the Bay of Bengal floor.     

南海近海海水中放射性总α、总β的研究

本文对南海近海海水中的放射性总α、总β的含量和分布进行了研究。结果表明:南海近海海水中的总α、总β含量,略高于东海,稍低于渤海。南海近海海域的主要放射性物质是铀、钍天然放射系和~(40)K。     

Horizontal and vertical distributions of <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs in seabed sediments around the river mouth near Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

Investigations including a bathymetric survey, sonic prospecting, and vibrocoring were performed to understand the horizontal and vertical distribution of ¹³⁷Cs in seabed sediments in shallow seas with depths less than 30 m near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Especially, features of ¹³⁷Cs distributions in deeper sections of the seabed sediments were studied to evaluate the vertical heterogeneity of ¹³⁷Cs distribution in the seabed sediments in shallow seas. The distribution area of the seabed sediments was less than half of the investigation area, and the locations of the seabed sediments were divided into flat and terrace-like seafloors based on their topographical features. The thicknesses of the seabed sediment layers were mostly <2 m. The ¹³⁷Cs inventories in the seabed sediments varied from 13 ± 1 to 3,510 ± 26 kBq m^?2, and continuous distributions of ¹³⁷Cs at depths greater than 81 cm were observed. The ¹³⁷Cs distributions were not uniform; however, the ¹³⁷Cs inventories tended to be larger near the base of the steeper ascending slopes than in the terrace-like seafloors themselves. Based on the relationship between the ¹³⁷Cs inventories and mean shear stress, features of the seafloor topography were inferred to be significant control factors governing the horizontal and vertical distribution of ¹³⁷Cs in the seabed sediments. Rapid changes and multiple peaks in the vertical profile of the ¹³⁷Cs distributions suggest that they are related to pulse input caused by heavy-rain events. Change in the ¹³⁷Cs inventories with depth in this study are larger than those reported in previous studies, indicating earlier results of ¹³⁷Cs inventories per unit in seabed sediments in shallow seas, especially near the river mouth, which drains a radiologically highly-contaminated basin, were underestimated.