基于航磁矢量数据的磁源总磁化方向估算

在地质体具有较强剩磁或自退磁效应的情况下,获得地质体总磁化方向对磁法勘探的数据处理、反演及解释具有重要意义.与传统航磁总场测量相比,航磁矢量(三分量)测量能够获得地磁场的矢量信息.基于三分量磁异常一阶矩与磁源磁矩的积分关系,我们实现了基于航磁矢量数据的磁源总磁化方向估算.针对该方法易受相邻异常影响,从而使多异常的估算难...     

21世纪重力与磁法勘探的展望

对21世纪重力与磁法勘探的仪器，数据处理技术，解释理论与方法，应用领域等方面的发展方向进行了分析与展望，发展航空标量，矢量，梯度重力测量和航空全梯度磁力测量，三分量磁力测量，提高综合信息采集能力；开展卫星重磁测量，综合卫星，航空，地面重磁测量资料研究地球结构与构造；发展高精度数据处理技术；重磁异常弱信号的提取，不同深度重磁异常的划分，低纬底变倾角化磁极以及位场面延拓；发展复杂条件下三维重磁场多参数综合反演可视化技术以及快速自动反演技术；探索磁性多参数的应用新领域，充分发挥磁法在环境污染调查中的作用并开拓应用新领域。     

山东成武——曹县地区磁异常特征及铁矿预测

BIF型铁矿是发育于华北克拉通内的主要铁矿类型之一,在鲁西南多地也发育该类型铁矿.通过收集以往地质、物探、矿产等成果资料,本次研究工作优选了成武—曹县航磁异常区开展1∶2.5万高精度磁法测量,同时在磁异常重点地段辅以大比例尺重磁精测剖面来进行异常综合解译;上述测量成果查明了研究区磁异常特征和异常较高部位分布范围,即该区磁场表现为"南东、北西低;中部、西部高"的特点,同时该重、磁异常具有同源的特征,与区域上已勘查发现的单县铁矿床物探异常形态相类似.物探数据解译推断了研究区内的构造格架(NW向和NE向2条基岩断裂,分别为曹县断裂和王集断裂),圈定了泰山岩群山草峪组及古近纪地层的分布范围,前者分布于研究区北部地区,后者分布于研究区南侧和西侧地区.本次物探解译工作共圈出了4处磁异常(分别为冉堌镇磁异常、普连集磁异常、九女集磁异常、安仁集磁异常);通过对以上磁异常的对比分析和综合研究,本次研究工作共在该4处磁异常中进一步圈定了4处找矿靶区(分别为冉堌镇找矿靶区、普连集找矿靶区、九女集找矿靶区、安仁集找矿靶区).综合分析上述找矿靶区的勘查前景认为以上找矿靶区具有一定的勘查价值,其中安仁集找矿靶区的铁矿勘查前景较好.     

高密度电法结合高精度磁法在洛庄汉墓考古中的应用

在高精度磁法勘探工作基础上布置高密度电法勘探,高精度磁测在本次工作中体现了其准确、多信息、简便高效的特点。高密度电法作为剖面性分析,它体现了目标体在深度上的变化,取得的异常部分与高精度磁测有较好相关性,提高了推断的可靠性。     

利用磁异常解析方法试验研究城市断裂

文中选取北京地区作为城市断裂研究试验场,对航磁资料运用解析延拓、功率谱分析、正则化滤波、方向导数、小波分析、分形维数、视磁化强度反演及磁性界面反演等一系列磁异常解析方法进行了数据处理。在处理数据分析与对比研究的基础上,对磁法勘探的各种解释方法在城市断裂研究中所发挥的作用、功效及适应性进行了评估,对今后城市断裂探测研究工作中的磁法勘探技术方面提出了指导性意见。文中对于揭示深部断裂、浅层断裂、基底直立断裂、以及预定方向的断裂和构造两侧磁性差异较大的断裂构造所运用的方法、功效及注意事项均做了较好的说明。另外还对功率谱用于计算不同尺度磁性体场源深度的效果进行了分析     

单县龙王庙铁矿地质地球物理特征及找矿意义

鲁西南地区发育有沉积变质型铁矿,且与航磁异常密切相关.龙王庙航磁异常位于山东省单县东南部地区,该异常具有寻找隐伏铁矿的潜力.为了进一步查明该异常区的异常源属性和铁矿地质特征,对以往地质、物探等资料进行了综合研究,并投入了大比例尺重磁测量等物探工作;通过优选区内成矿有利部位的基础上,利用钻探施工进行异常查证.区内物探测量工作将龙王庙航磁异常区进一步分解为大刘庄异常和龙王庙西南异常2个次级异常.龙王庙西南异常和大刘庄异常的重磁特征较为相似,总体呈现NW-SE向.与大刘庄异常区相比,龙王庙异常区的面积较大,且磁异常强度总体较高(磁测值约为420 nT).在综合分析该异常的基础上,在龙王庙西南异常选定了成矿有利部位,并施工了LZK01孔.在钻孔在—740.80~—1653.03 m标高处陆续揭露了12层铁矿体,累计厚度为58.37m矿体呈层状、似层状,矿石类型为条带状磁铁石英岩、磁铁透辉石英岩和磁铁角闪石英岩等.矿石平均品位为全铁—28.09%,磁性铁22.81%.龙王庙西南异常区的铁矿勘查工作表明,该异常是由隐伏铁矿体引起,铁矿类型与大刘庄铁矿床一致,均属沉积变质型铁矿.通过对区域重磁异常的对比分析认为,龙王庙西南异常的铁矿资源潜力巨大;此外,单县龙王庙地区的铁矿勘查工作也表明,磁法测量是区内的最重要的铁矿勘查手段,重力测量工作是区内的重要找矿手段之一.     

高精度磁测在多金属矿整装勘查区成矿规律研究中的应用

以最新成矿理论为指导,在多金属矿整装勘查区开展1:5万地面高精度磁法测量,为进一步地层、构造划分及矿产勘查工作提供有力地球物理依据.在充分收集并研究前人成果资料的基础上,对磁测数据进行化极、延拓等处理,并对采集的物性标本磁化率及剩磁进行分类统计,查明工作区磁场分布特征,圈定局部磁异常,研究磁异常与中酸性岩体、地质构造、成矿条件等之间的关系,从而圈定隐伏-半隐伏中酸岩体13处,划分构造26条,划定成矿有利靶区2处.对部分重点高磁异常布置1:1万的综合剖面测量,利用二度半人机交互反演,拟出了异常体埋深和形态.后经地质矿产检查证实推测结果与实际情况相吻合,因此证明高精度磁测在该区对构造相关的多金属矿成矿规律的研究有良好的效果.     

铁矿采空区的地球物理探测

由于铁矿采空区围岩导电,给采空区的有效识别造成一定的困难.本文根据瞬变电磁的电磁场理论和磁法勘探原理,对铁矿采空区的综合地球物理特征进行研究,结合测区内铁矿采空区的特点,给出铁矿采空区的评判原则,认为充水后的铁矿采空区的瞬变电磁响应会表现为低电阻值特性,同时,磁异常特性会表现为高磁背景下的相对低磁响应.使用V8电法仪对...     

多因复成矿区磁异常偏位解释法

分析了多因复成矿床磁性体的典型特征,总结了该类型矿区磁异常反演解释存在的主要问题,通过提取磁异常基本特征、引入解释偏角和剖面位移等概念,提出了以磁异常共轭解释法为基础的偏位解释法,模型试算及实例分析表明该方法能获得较高的反演精度和符合实际的反演结果,能实现复杂磁异常的反演解释.对比分析认为该方法相对传统方法在一些特殊情况下具有明显优势,是磁法勘探领域中一种新的反演方法,能较好解决多生产实际中一些以往不能解决的重要问题.     

动力三角翼平台航磁测量系统及其在卡拉塔格勘查区的应用

航空磁法是航空物探常用的测量方法之一,具有探测深度大、效率高、成本低等优点.为满足地质填图与矿产勘查对大比例尺高精度磁测资料的需要,本次将AARC510航磁补偿和收录系统与高精度CS-VL铯光泵磁力仪搭载于动力三角翼平台上,集成了一套灵活、高效、经济、高精度的航磁测量系统.通过对卡拉塔格勘查区获得的数据的质量评价,验证了该测量系统采集、补偿数据的能力.通过对比分析勘查区航空磁测数据与地表地质和地面磁测结果,验证了利用该航磁测量系统进行区域性磁法测量的可行性和可靠性.通过解析延拓、水平梯度及斜导数等位场数据处理方法,分析了勘查区磁性构造等特征,认为勘查区发育的小规模高磁异常主要为浅源异常;区内磁性构造线主要以北西向为主,部分北东向断裂与北西向断裂切割,局部伴生的许多小规模、延伸短的构造线,推测为在构造—岩浆活动中形成的次级断裂构造或侵入岩体与围岩的接触带.     

Summary of technology for a comprehensive geophysical exploration of gold mine in North China Craton

The North China Craton is the oldest continental block, and has suffered from large-scale lithospheric thinning and destruction, which in turn led to gold deposits in northern China. The decratonic gold deposits in the North China Craton became the most important gold deposits in China, and geophysical methods are key means to detect and discover gold deposits there. In this paper, based on the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the North China Craton, the geological model of the decratonic gold deposits is transformed into a geophysical model. At present, two methods of geophysical exploration of decratonic gold deposits are in use: rapid and efficient exploration on the scale of the ore concentration area, and large depth exploration on the scale of the deposit area. In detail, the airborne electromagnetic,magnetic and gravity methods are used to detect the shallow(1,500 m) anomaly area on the scale of the ore concentration area.Through the ground-controlled source electromagnetic and ground magnetotelluric methods, explorations for targets at significant depth(5,000 m) are carried out in the mining area. Then, taking the Liaodong ore concentration area as an example,geophysical methods are used to discover two prospecting areas around the Jianshanzi Fault in the Qingchengzi ore concentration area, Baiyun-Xiaotongjiapuzi deep prospecting area, and Qingchengzi deep prospecting area. Next, three prospecting areas are delineated around the Jixingou Fault in the Wulong mining area, Wulong deep prospecting area, Weishagou deep prospecting area, and Chang'an deep prospecting area. The anomalies in the ore concentration area and mining area are revealed by means of three-dimensional exploration methods, thereby providing technical support for the exploration of metal minerals such as decratonic gold deposits.     

反演磁性地质界面的意义与方法

磁性地质界面的反演是地球物理勘探的重要课题之一,对于提高磁测资料的地质解释效果有重要意义.通过磁测资料反演磁性地质界面主要分两步：第一步,从总异常中分离有磁性界面起伏引起的磁异常;第二步,由分离的磁异常反演磁性界面的深度.本文分别从这两个方面回顾了提取异常和反演界面的较有代表性的技术.     

给定观测精度下的点(线)源模型重力与磁力垂向识别能力研究

重、磁勘探具有效率高、成本低、工作范围广等优点,已在地球物理勘探中得到了广泛应用.前人大多在不考虑重、磁勘探观测精度的条件下进行了垂向识别能力的研究,但在考虑重、磁观测精度条件下,重力（重力异常、重力张量）与磁力（磁力异常、磁力三分量、磁力张量）对孤立异常的垂向识别能力如何则需要进行深入的理论研究.本文从重、磁场正演理论出发,以球体（点源模型）和无限延伸水平圆柱体（线源模型）为例,考虑给定观测精度条件下,以重力和磁力幅值大小与观测精度的关系来研究垂向识别能力,从而消除了背景场的影响,提高了研究结果的可靠度.通过研究表明,对于孤立异常,重力张量在浅部一定深度内比重力异常的垂向识别能力强,该深度与重力异常和重力张量观测精度的比值成正比;垂直磁化磁力张量在浅部一定深度内比化极磁力异常的垂向识别能力强,该深度与磁力异常与磁力张量观测精度的比值成正比;磁力在浅部一定深度内比重力的垂向识别能力强,该深度与地质体的磁化强度和剩余密度比值、重力观测精度和磁力观测精度比值成正比.通过重力和磁力垂向识别能力的研究将为重、磁勘探的实际应用起到指导作用.

     

给定观测精度下的点(线)源模型重力与磁力垂向识别能力研究

重、磁勘探具有效率高、成本低、工作范围广等优点,已在地球物理勘探中得到了广泛应用.前人大多在不考虑重、磁勘探观测精度的条件下进行了垂向识别能力的研究,但在考虑重、磁观测精度条件下,重力（重力异常、重力张量）与磁力（磁力异常、磁力三分量、磁力张量）对孤立异常的垂向识别能力如何则需要进行深入的理论研究.本文从重、磁场正演理论出发,以球体（点源模型）和无限延伸水平圆柱体（线源模型）为例,考虑给定观测精度条件下,以重力和磁力幅值大小与观测精度的关系来研究垂向识别能力,从而消除了背景场的影响,提高了研究结果的可靠度.通过研究表明,对于孤立异常,重力张量在浅部一定深度内比重力异常的垂向识别能力强,该深度与重力异常和重力张量观测精度的比值成正比;垂直磁化磁力张量在浅部一定深度内比化极磁力异常的垂向识别能力强,该深度与磁力异常与磁力张量观测精度的比值成正比;磁力在浅部一定深度内比重力的垂向识别能力强,该深度与地质体的磁化强度和剩余密度比值、重力观测精度和磁力观测精度比值成正比.通过重力和磁力垂向识别能力的研究将为重、磁勘探的实际应用起到指导作用.     

The inversion of density structure by graphic processing unit (GPU) and identification of igneous rocks in Xisha area

Organic reefs, the targets of deep-water petroleum exploration, developed widely in Xisha area. However, there are concealed igneous rocks undersea, to which organic rocks have nearly equal wave impedance. So the igneous rocks have become interference for future exploration by having similar seismic reflection characteristics. Yet, the density and magnetism of organic reefs are very different from igneous rocks. It has obvious advantages to identify organic reefs and igneous rocks by gravity and magnetic data. At first, frequency decomposition was applied to the free-air gravity anomaly in Xisha area to obtain the 2D subdivision of the gravity anomaly and magnetic anomaly in the vertical direction. Thus, the distribution of igneous rocks in the horizontal direction can be acquired according to high-frequency field, low-frequency field, and its physical properties. Then, 3D forward modeling of gravitational field was carried out to establish the density model of this area by reference to physical properties of rocks based on former researches. Furthermore, 3D inversion of gravity anomaly by genetic algorithm method of the graphic processing unit (GPU) parallel processing in Xisha target area was applied, and 3D density structure of this area was obtained. By this way, we can confine the igneous rocks to the certain depth according to the density of the igneous rocks. The frequency decomposition and 3D inversion of gravity anomaly by genetic algorithm method of the GPU parallel processing proved to be a useful method for recognizing igneous rocks to its 3D geological position. So organic reefs and igneous rocks can be identified, which provide a prescient information for further exploration.     

The inversion of density structure by graphic processing unit （GPU） and identification of igneous rocks in Xisha area

Organic reefs, the targets of deep-water petroleum exploration, developed widely in Xisha area. However, there are concealed igneous rocks undersea, to which organic rocks have nearly equal wave impedance. So the igneous rocks have become interference for future exploration by having similar seismic reflection characteristics. Yet, the density and magnetism of organic reefs are very different from igneous rocks. It has obvious advantages to identify organic reefs and igneous rocks by gravity and magnetic data. At first, frequency decomposition was applied to the free-air gravity anomaly in Xisha area to obtain the 2D subdivision of the gravity anomaly and magnetic anomaly in the vertical direction. Thus, the distribution of igneous rocks in the horizontal direction can be acquired according to high-frequency field, low-frequency field, and its physical properties. Then, 3D forward modeling of gravitational field was carried out to establish the density model of this area by reference to physical properties of rocks based on former researches. Furthermore, 3D inversion of gravity anomaly by genetic algorithm method of the graphic processing unit(GPU) parallel processing in Xisha target area was applied, and 3D density structure of this area was obtained. By this way, we can confine the igneous rocks to the certain depth according to the density of the igneous rocks. The frequency decomposition and 3D inversion of gravity anomaly by genetic algorithm method of the GPU parallel processing proved to be a useful method for recognizing igneous rocks to its 3D geological position. So organic reefs and igneous rocks can be identified, which provide a prescient information for further exploration.     

老挝万象省爬立山(PHaLek)铁矿磁异常特征及找矿评价

老挝万象省爬立山铁矿床位于长山褶皱带北西端,是长山成矿带内与岩浆作用有关的一个大型铁矿床.矿床类型以矽卡岩型为主,其次为热液型,成矿作用与花岗岩类侵入作用有关,矿区内发育致密块状磁铁矿、孔洞状赤铁矿、砂砾土状铁矿.该区地球物理工作研究程度较低,仅有部分航磁资料,难以准确控制矿化异常;老挝热带雨林气候植被覆盖严重,地表露头难寻,圈定矿体规模和划分地层界线难度较大.为了获得该区铁矿体地表规模及深部延展,笔者在该区开展了1:10000地面高精度磁法测量,运用解析延拓、水平总梯度模、垂向导数、2.5D人机交互反演等方法有效克服了低纬度地区磁异常化极不稳定形成假异常的问题,解译了爬立山矿区磁异常特征,提高了磁异常的解译分辨率,更加准确的控制了爬立山铁矿区铁矿体的范围、深部延展.后期钻探验证结果表明,在老挝地质勘查程度低、覆盖严重的爬立山地区开展高精度磁法是控制该地区铁矿的有效地球物理方法.     

金矿勘查中的地面高精度磁法测量——以黑龙江乌拉嘎金矿外围十三公里勘查区为例

地面高精度磁测是可以间接找金的.它能够可靠地反映控矿地质体的磁性变化,了解隐伏的控矿岩体、构造和含矿蚀变破碎带的分布.为了提高黑龙江乌拉嘎金矿外围十三公里区的金矿勘查效果,利用地面高精度磁测在该区进行了扫面测量.通过该项研究表明了含矿构造破碎带的存在.在矿化带上方表现为正值磁测异常区与负值磁测异常区的接触带,尤其是梯度较大部位.矿体一般位于负值一侧的低缓正异常处.通过对优选靶区的工程查证,探槽、浅井双双见矿,共获得黄金资源量1.5吨.由此证明了应用该方法找金的有效性.     

Magnetic investigation and 2½ D gravity profile modelling across the Beattie magnetic anomaly in the southeastern Karoo Basin,South Africa

The southeastern Karoo Basin is considered to be one of the most prospective areas for shale gas exploration in South Africa. An interesting magnetic anomaly, the Beattie magnetic anomaly (BMA), and geologic intrusions are seen on the magnetic map. To date, the source of the BMA and interconnectivity of the igneous intrusions are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the interconnectivity of the igneous intrusions and possible location of the source of the BMA using gravity and magnetic methods. The gravity model results showed that igneous intrusions are interconnected at depth, which probably pose threat by increasing the risk of fracking the Karoo for shale gas exploration. The magnetic results revealed that the BMA becomes stronger with depth. The average depths to the top of the shallow and deep magnetic sources were estimated to be approximately 0.6 and 15 km, respectively.     

分形滤波(S-A)技术在物探数据异常分解中的应用

分形滤波(S-A)技术能够有效地揭示地球物理场的空间相关性,对背景场以及异常场进行分解。应用分形滤波(S-A)技术分解内蒙古某银矿区地面高精度磁测异常,结果表明:对研究区高精度磁异常进行了有效分解,获得了研究区背景场以及异常场特征,并剖析所获得的异常场,分解异常8处,并据此结合地质情况提出研究区的成矿有利区。