北斗区域卫星导航系统基本导航定位性能初步评估

北斗区域卫星导航系统(也称北斗2代1期)于2012年12月27日正式开始运行,系统由14颗卫星组成,包括5颗地球静止轨道卫星、5颗倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和4颗中圆地球轨道卫星.本文初步评估了北斗区域卫星导航系统建成运行后的基本导航定位性能,包括卫星可见性、位置精度衰减因子、伪距和载波相位观测量精度、单点定位和差分定位精度以及模糊度解算性能等.通过实验分析可知:北斗伪距和载波相位测量精度已与GPS处在同一水平,伪距测量精度约为33 cm,载波测量精度约为2 mm;北斗伪距单点定位水平精度优于6 m,高程精度优于10 m,已满足设计要求;北斗区域卫星导航系统已具备独立的双频RTK定位能力,其单历元双频模糊度解算成功率几乎与GPS相当;北斗载波相位差分定位精度与GPS相位差分定位处在同一水平,超短基线情况下,定位精度优于1 cm,而在短基线情况下优于3 cm;北斗与GPS组合定位时,模糊度解算的固定率和可靠性均显著提高;在短基线情况下,北斗/GPS组合载波相位差分动态定位精度相对于单一的GPS定位的改善可达20%以上;北斗单频伪距差分定位精度优于2.5 m,与GPS相比仍存在较大差距,其主要原因可能为北斗GEO卫星伪距多路径误差较大.     

北斗导航定位系统（BDS）下地壳运动监测精度分析

为分析北斗导航定位系统（BDS）在地壳运动监测领域的数据精度,选取中国大陆构造环境监测网络（陆态网络）2018—2019年川滇地区GPS、BDS多系统观测站点数据,分别对GPS、BDS记录的数据进行解算,从三维坐标解、位置时间序列及速度场等方面,对比分析二者在地壳运动监测中的不同,综合分析BDS对地壳运动监测精度。结果表明,BDS定位精度达到cm级,但仍低于GPS精度,BDS、GPS速度场模型运动方位和速度值有所不同,垂向差异较为明显。总体来看,北斗系统数据满足高精度定位解算要求,可用于监测形变量较大的区域地壳运动。     

基于BDS-3的定位性能与区域参考框架维持分析

随着北斗卫星导航系统组网成功,分析北斗系统的定位性能及在区域参考框架维持中的应用具有重要意义.本文以陕西和西部某区域北斗基准站为基础,从卫星数据质量、覆盖能力、网解模式和PPP解模式分析了北斗三号卫星定位性能及在区域高精度参考框架维持的可行性与可靠性.结果表明:BDS-3卫星的位置精度衰减因子(PDOP)优于BDS-2...     

BDS/GPS/GLONASS多模融合伪距单点定位性能比较与分析

利用最小二乘法原理推导了多系统组合伪距单点定位的数学模型.然后,对不同组合模式(BDS、GPS、GLONASS、BDS/GPS、BDS/GLONASS、GPS/GLONASS和BDS/GPS/GLONASS)的单点定位进行解算和试验比较分析.试验结果表明:多系统(BDS/GPS/GLONASS)组合单点定位与单系统相比,多系统组合具有更多的可视卫星,从而获得了较小的PDOP值,随着截止高度角的增加,可见卫星数逐渐减少,定位精度也会随之降低.然而,在观测条件恶劣、截止高度角较大情况下,单系统和双系统定位精度都较差,三系统组合仍能获得比较好的定位精度,1 d内的定位精度均在10 m以下,优于GPS单点定位精度.使其在建筑物密集区、山区和卫星遮挡较为严重的恶劣条件下具有实际应用价值.     

高频BDS/GPS融合PPP确定2021年玛多MW7.4地震三要素

基于GREAT程序,利用GPS和BDS/GPS融合PPP(精密单点定位)获取了2021年玛多M_W7.4地震10个高频GNSS测站的地震时间序列,并通过历元间差分法获得了震前30 min的速度时间序列。分析发现,相对于GPS,BDS/GPS速度时间序列在东西、北南、垂直3个方向的精度分别提高了14.8%、15.2%和3.5%。利用STA/LTA(短时窗平均/长时窗平均)方法,从各测站GPS和BDS/GPS时间序列中提取了地震波初至时刻;利用2种时间序列计算得到的震中位置和发震时刻分别为(34.6°N,98.54°E),18:04:28.8和(34.63°N,98.51°E),18:04:29.2(UTC);利用GPS和BDS/GPS峰值地面位移,根据经验公式反演了玛多地震震级分别为M_W7.34和M_W7.36,BDS/GPS震级与GCMT公布的结果(M_W7.4)更为接近。结果表明：BDS/GPS融合PPP解算可提高时间序列稳定性并降低噪声,更真实地描述震时地表位移变化,从而提高震级解算准确性,更好地为地...     

GPS单历元定位新算法用于滑坡监测di

在滑坡变形较大时，常规GPS静态观测方式满足不了滑坡实时监测的需要. 本文结合滑坡变形的特点，利用GPS单历元定位新方法frac34;单历元阻尼LAMBDA方法，对滑坡实时形变进行了监测试验. 该方法不需要考虑GPS载波相位测量中棘手的周跳问题，每一历元即可搜索到正确的整周模糊度，从而获得监测点厘米级精度的坐标. 采用平滑方法后可以分辨出毫米级精度的坐标和滑动速度，扩大了GPS形变监测的应用范围. 本文简要介绍了新方法的原理，并使用低价位的单频GPS接收机，在江西省一个实测滑坡中取得了较好的应用效果.       

GPS天线相位中心变化精确检测试验研究

天线相位中心误差是高精度地壳形变监测中制约定位精度的重要误差源,天线相位中心改正已成为提高观测精度的有效手段.文中对基于精密测量机器人的GPS天线相位中心变化精确检测方法进行了试验研究,并对试验数据进行初步分析,得到的天线平面校正精度约为2mm,高程方向校正精度约为3mm.研究结果表明,天线相位中心的精确校正除了可以提高GPS测量定位精度之外,还可为中国自主北斗导航系统提供精确的天线相位中心校正参数,推动北斗导航系统在高精度地壳形变监测领域的应用.     

Beidou/GPS/GLONASS多系统卫星定位数据质量比较分析

本文在运用TEQC软件结合QCVIEW32和DOSBox 0.74两款软件对GPS/GLONASS定位数据分析的基础上,引入朱静然等人设计的多系统GNSS数据质量分析软件对Beidou/GPS/GLONASS定位数据进行质量分析,并对北斗卫星(Beidou)、双星(GPS/GLONASS)和多星(Beidou/GPS/GLONASS)定位数据的多路径效应、电离层延迟、数据利用率与信噪比、卫星可见数和精度因子PDOP值等几个方面进行比较分析.试验分析表明:双星系统下的L1、L2两大频率兼容性良好;双星系统下的双频数据质量和稳定性良好,接收机周跳修复能力较强;多星融合的多路径误差明显小于北斗单系统,平均mp1和mp2分别减小了18%和6%,多星融合增加的卫星在一定程度上可以相互补偿从而削弱多路径效应对定位结果的影响;在观测条件复杂,截止高度角较高的情况下,单一系统无法满足高精度定位需求,而组合系统可以保持较低并且变化平缓的PDOP值,提供了高精度的定位服务.     

汶川大地震前后GPS观测的精密单历元解得到的震区地壳运动

利用BERNESE软件的单历元观测值双差定位功能,获取了接近2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0大地震震中5个GPS观测站(PIXI,CHDU,JYAN,NEIJ和LUZH站)震前的短临位移过程及震后短时间的位移.通过拟合和对比分析,讨论了单历元解的精度.计算结果表明,以YANC站为固定站,LUZH站震前5月9日N(南北...     

利用GPS三频数据计算电离层垂直总电子含量变化率

研究了通过采样间隔为1 s的GPS三频载波相位观测数据计算1 Hz电离层垂直总电子含量变化率(RVTEC)的方法,推导了直接采用双频载波相位观测量计算RVTEC的公式,对一般空间环境与电离层活动剧烈两种条件下L1L2、L1L5、L2L5三种载波相位组合计算的RVTEC进行了一致性分析,给出了通过三频载波相位观测数据计算电离层RVTEC的修正方法,比较了X射线太阳耀斑期间RVTEC与由传统方法计算的总电子含量变化率(ROT)响应,在双星串飞编队测高模式下对计算方法进行了应用.结果表明,L1L2、L1L5两种组合之间的一致性较好,由L1L2、L1L5组合计算的RVTEC的中误差约为0.004 TECu/s,RVTEC较ROT更能体现TEC变化的细节,在双星串飞编队测高模式下海面高梯度的计算中,电离层延迟之差可以忽略.     

Sea-floor positioning with global positioning system–acoustic link system

The present study describes a new system designed and developed for observing crustal deformation on the sea floor. The system consists of two parts, the kinematic positioning by global positioning system (GPS) and acoustic ranging techniques. Since the location of a site at the ocean bottom relative to a reference site on land cannot be determined directly, the procedure was divided into two steps. First, the position of a vessel was determined using differential and kinematic GPS techniques, and then the position of a reference point at the ocean bottom was located relative to the vessel using the acoustic ranging technique. Thus, the location of the ocean-bottom station is determined relative to the reference sites on land in the global reference system. The accuracy was tested in several ways. In one experiment, a buoy was used as the surface station which linked the positions of a GPS receiver to the acoustic transponder. Assuming a simple sound velocity profile of the seawater, the position of an ocean-bottom reference point was estimated with an accuracy of several meters. Thus, with the present system, it is difficult to observe ocean-bottom crustal deformations generated by typical plate motions. Methods are being investigated to improve the observation system for more accurate sea floor positioning.     

Global precision analysis of carrier phase relative positioning in BeiDou navigation satellite system and United States global positioning system

In this paper, we derived a high-efficiency formula for calculating the precision of carrier phase relative positioning,analyzed the various factors that affect the positioning accuracy using the carrier phase, and proposed the concept of using a frequency dilution of precision to describe the quantitative effect of different frequency combinations on the positioning precision. To this end, we computed and plotted the global spatial distribution map of the relative positioning dilution of precision for single-day solution, half-hour solution, and single-epoch solution of the global positioning system(GPS), regional Beidou navigation satellite system(BDS2), future global Beidou navigation satellite system(BDS3), and their fusion systems.Using processing software with autonomous intellectual property rights(GCN and VENUS/ARSNet), we solved the measurement data and examined the positioning precision of the single-day solution and single-epoch solution of GPS and BDS2.The analysis demonstrated that the B1/B2 frequency positioning precision of BDS2 was better than that of L1/L2 frequency positioning of GPS, but the positioning precision of the BDS2 is worse than that of GPS over most of the service region of the BDS2. Further, the positioning precision of BDS3 is better than that of GPS in the Asia-Pacific region, while it is the opposite in other regions. Based on these conclusions, we put forth some optimization recommendations regarding the signal frequency of the navigation system and GPS measurement standards to serve as references for optimizing the system performance and formulating standards.     

安徽省震中快速定位查询系统

基于VB6.0软件开发平台,以MapInfo GIS软件为数据支撑平台,建立了安徽省震中快速定位查询系统。系统主要实现了震中快速定位查询显示功能、基于GIS数据的空间分析和定量计算分析功能。为地震应急响应提供辅助决策,为震后资源调度、伤员输送、人员疏散等提供科学信息,提高了应急救援的效率。     

山东数字地震台网地震自动定位系统运行分析

山东数字地震台网自主研制了一套地震自动定位软件系统,2008年5月在山东地震台网中心试运行,运行稳定。本文对该系统运行期间自动定位结果进行了统计与分析,结果表明,山东数字地震台网自动定位系统对于网内天然地震定位结果可靠,震中平均偏差4．09km,震级偏差±0．08,平均速报用时63s。     

Global positioning system: An effective way to map a small area or catchment

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is an established method for establishing high accuracy horizontal and vertical control points over large areas. Recent improvements in receiver technology, differential surveying and software have made the use of GPS technology more practical for smaller projects. This paper compares different GPS methods with occupation times of 2 s, 2 min and 12 min using an existing control network, and the gathering of topographic data from a difficult field site. Two examples are given, one in East Texas, demonstrating the speed and accuracy of different techniques, and the other in the Quantock Hills in Somerset.     

Preliminary assessment of the navigation and positioning performance of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system

BeiDou regional navigation satellite system(BDS)also called BeiDou-2 has been in full operation since December 27,2012.It consists of 14 satellites,including 5 satellites in Geostationary Orbit(GEO),5 satellites in Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit(IGSO),and 4 satellites in Medium Earth Orbit(MEO).In this paper,its basic navigation and positioning performance are evaluated preliminarily by the real data collected in Beijing,including satellite visibility,Position Dilution of Precision(PDOP)value,the precision of code and carrier phase measurements,the accuracy of single point positioning and differential positioning and ambiguity resolution(AR)performance,which are also compared with those of GPS.It is shown that the precision of BDS code and carrier phase measurements are about 33 cm and 2 mm,respectively,which are comparable to those of GPS,and the accuracy of BDS single point positioning has satisfied the design requirement.The real-time kinematic positioning is also feasible by BDS alone in the opening condition,since its fixed rate and reliability of single-epoch dual-frequency AR is comparable to those of GPS.The accuracy of BDS carrier phase differential positioning is better than 1 cm for a very short baseline of 4.2 m and 3 cm for a short baseline of 8.2 km,which is on the same level with that of GPS.For the combined BDS and GPS,the fixed rate and reliability of single-epoch AR and the positioning accuracy are improved significantly.The accuracy of BDS/GPS carrier phase differential positioning is about 35 and 20%better than that of GPS for two short baseline tests in this study.The accuracy of BDS code differential positioning is better than 2.5 m.However it is worse than that of GPS,which may result from large code multipath errors of BDS GEO satellite measurements.     

Prediction of global positioning system total electron content using Neural Networks over South Africa

Global positioning system (GPS) networks have provided an opportunity to study the dynamics and continuous changes in the ionosphere by supplementing ionospheric studies carried out using various techniques including ionosondes, incoherent scatter radars and satellites. Total electron content (TEC) is one of the physical quantities that can be derived from GPS data, and provides an indication of ionospheric variability. This paper presents a feasibility study for the development of a Neural Network (NN) based model for the prediction of South African GPS derived TEC. Three South African locations were identified and used in the development of an input space and NN architecture for the model. The input space included the day number (seasonal variation), hour (diurnal variation), Sunspot Number (measure of the solar activity), and magnetic index (measure of the magnetic activity). An analysis was done by comparing predicted NN TEC with TEC values from the IRI-2001 version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), validating GPS TEC with ionosonde TEC (ITEC) and assessing the performance of the NN model during equinoxes and solstices. For this feasibility model, GPS TEC was derived for a limited number of years using an algorithm still in the early phases of validation. However, results show that NNs predict GPS TEC more accurately than the IRI at South African GPS locations, but that more good quality GPS data is required before a truly representative empirical GPS TEC model can be released.     

Deterioration in the accuracy of GPS system positioning due to the effect of ionospheric bubbles

The state of the ionosphere affects the operational stability of satellite radio navigation systems. The dense network of GEONET GPS sites on the territory of Japan allows to conduct a thorough investigation of the stability of system operation at mid-latitudes in different heliogeophysical conditions. This paper considers deterioration in the accuracy of GPS system positioning due to the effect of a large-scale ionospheric disturbance (an ionospheric bubble) over Japan on February 12, 2000.     

Shear partitioning in the Philippines: Constraints from Philippine Fault and global positioning system data

Abstract The Philippine Fault is a major left-lateral structure formed in an island arc setting. It accommodates a component of the oblique convergence between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Philippine archipelago. This observation is quantified through a series of global positioning satellite experiments between 1991 and 1996. The formation of the Fault marks the onset of a new geodynamic regime in the Philippine region. In the central Philippines, this event corresponds to the creation of a new tectonic boundary separating the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Philippine Sea Plate, following the latter's kinematic reorganization that occurred around 4 Ma ago. During this event, the Philippine Sea Plate changed its relative movement with respect to Eurasia from a northward to a north-westward motion, favoring the formation of a Philippine Fault–Philippine Trench system under a shear partitioning mechanism.     

包头地震自动速报系统地震漏报分析

将包头自动地震速报系统2013年6月—10月地震自动定位结果与全国地震统一编目进行对比,分析包头自动地震速报系统监控能力,统计该系统对不同区域、不同震级范围地震的漏报率。结果发现,该系统对M 2.0以下地震漏报率较高,对M 4.0以上地震的监控与速报具有实际意义,可为其他地市、县建设自动地震速报系统提供借鉴作用和技术支撑。