秦岭钼矿带斑岩体锶氧同位素特征与岩石成因机制和类型

秦岭造山带大量发育中生代深成花岗岩基和浅成斑岩体．长期以来,前者被作为改造型或Ｓ型;后者伴随钼矿化,被作为同熔型或Ｉ型．统计表明,浅成斑岩体Ｓｒｉ＝０．７０５－０．７１４, δ１８Ｏ＝７．２％。－１２．１‰,深成花岗岩基 Ｓｒｉ＝ ０．７０５－０．７１０, δ１８Ｏ＝ ６．１‰－１０．４‰,二者基本一致．锶氧同位素组成的一致性指示浅成斑岩与深成花岗岩之物质来源和成岩机制的相似性．通过分析成岩构造背景、岩石矿物学特征、地球化学特征和区域地球物理资料,认为浅成斑岩与深成花岗岩基同属中生代华南与华北古板块碰撞造山的产物,均属碰撞型或陆壳重熔型花岗岩类．     

河南铁炉坪银矿成矿流体研究及其对碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模式例证

铁炉坪银矿定位于河南熊耳山变质基底内ＮＥ向断层中,属蚀变破碎带型矿床． 矿化自早到晚分为３个阶段,温度集中在３７３°,２２３°和１６５°．早期流体δＤ＝－９０‰, δ^１３Ｃｃｏ２＝２．０‰Ｏ,δ^１８Ｏ＝８．９４‰,源于富碳酸盐建造的改造－变质;晚期流体ＳＤ＝－７０‰, δ１３Ｃ_ｃｏ^２＝－１．２‰,δ^１８Ｏ＝－１．８９‰,属大气降水热液：中期流体δＤ＝－１０９‰,δ^１３Ｃ_ｃｏ^２＝ ０．１‰,δ^１８Ｏ＝１．７９‰,是变质热液与大气降水热液的混合流体．中期矿物快速结晶于流 体沸腾与混合的复合作用下,捕获流体多,流体离子浓度、Ｈ_２Ｏ／ＣＯ_２和ＫＮ／ＭＣ等最高, 含矿性最好．中生代华北与华南古板块碰撞时沿马超营断裂向北的陆内俯冲诱发熊耳 山区大规模流体和岩浆作用,形成了铁炉坪银矿等１０多处大中型矿床;铁炉坪银矿成 矿流体研究证实了碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模式的科学性．     

中国西部湖泊水体δD与δ18O的空间变化特征及其影响因素

湖泊水体的氢氧同位素(δD、δ~(18)O)是研究区域大气降水和水文循环的重要手段之一,目前对其的研究主要以单一湖泊为主.以2016年夏季在中国西部地区采集的33个湖泊水体为研究对象,分析其氢氧同位素的变化特征,并结合当地夏季大气降水、湖水盐度、海拔与纬度等资料,探讨中国西部33个湖泊水体δD、δ~(18)O的空间分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:33个湖泊水体的δD与δ18O组成主要受控于大气降水,但受蒸发分馏的影响,湖水线的斜率与截距低于大气水线.湖泊水体与夏季大气降水氢氧同位素存在明显的空间分异,这种分异与湖水盐度无关,主要受到区域降水水汽来源不同的影响.青藏高原南北两侧由于水汽来源及蒸发条件的不同,使得青藏高原湖泊水体的氢氧同位素呈现出"北高南低"的特点,新疆西北部受西风影响,湖泊水体的氢氧同位素明显偏负,内蒙古及邻近地区受东南季风的影响,湖水受到蒸发分馏作用使其δD与δ~(18)O偏正.不同区域湖泊水体的氘盈余(d_excess)反映了不同的水汽源地的湿度状况而不能指示湖水的蒸发状况.受降水影响,青藏高原地区湖水氢氧同位素组成与海拔高度呈负相关,与纬度呈正相关.     

北京石花洞地区水系氢氧同位素及氚含量研究──石花洞研究系列之一

北京石花洞地区水系的δＤ平均值为（－６５．４±３．０）‰（ＳＭＯＷ），δ１８Ｏ平均值为（－９．４±０．３）‰（ＳＭＯＷ），氚含量平均值为（３０．８±４．５）ＴＵ。石花洞洞内滴水是由地表水很快下渗得来，受古老地下水的混合作用很小。因此，洞内滴水的稳定同位素组成能够灵敏地反映地表水同位素组成（即重量加权的年平均雨水的同位素组成）的变化。影响洞内滴水的稳定同位素组成的因素主要是年平均气温、年降雨量以及降水气团的来源的变化。利用高分辨率的洞穴碳酸盐的稳定同位素记录．可以建立以湿度变化为主的古气候信息．尤其是我国季风气候的变化历史     

九江地震台观测井水氢氧同位素特征及意义

在地震地下流体观测研究中,基于氢氧同位素示踪技术研究地下水补给源及循环过程是常用的技术方法之一。本文给出了九江地震台2号观测井水、大气降水、周边水库水及高山泉水等样品的氢氧同位素测定结果,表明地下水δ~(18)O测值介于-7.59‰～-6.09‰,平均值-6.99‰,δD测值介于-45.22‰～-39.69‰,平均值-42.32‰,变异异数分别为0.09、0.16;大气降水δ~(18)O测值介于-13.00‰～-1.27‰,平均值-4.74‰,δD测值介于-96.13‰～-4.74‰,平均值-46.87‰,变异异数分别为0.40、0.56,与降水相比,地下水氢氧同位素变化更为稳定。大气降水氢氧同位素2017年5～10月表现为明显的降水效应,2018年11～4月表现为明显的温度效应,而地下水氢氧同位素并未表现出明显的降水效应和温度效应。氢氧同位素及过量氘揭示地下水在下渗补给前经历了明显的蒸发分馏作用,并与围岩进行~(18)O交换,δ~(18)O与δD计算得出的补给高程分别约为647、440m。九江台观测井的观测层地下水为大气降水成因的构造裂隙水,属于大气成因型且循环过程为较稳定的裂隙水补给并形成承压自流井。     

新疆北部花岗岩─水~18O/~16O交换反应动力学──对于造山带岩浆熔融与流体循环的意义

对新疆北部花岗岩的两个典型岩体-阿拉尔和二台北岩体进行了系统的氧同位素组成测定,以探讨造山带的流体循环以及岩浆源区的熔融两个岩体的岩浆源区相对亏损18OZ它们在上部地壳侵位的次团相冷凝过程中共生矿物向富集18O的方向不平衡偏转推覆到阿尔泰山区热板片之下的晚古生代沉积物冷板片,通过进变质过程中的脱水反应提供了大量的含水流体．在倒转地温梯度驱动下,含水流体从下伏冷板片释放到上覆热板片,与富18O的早古生代变质沉积物发生18O／16O交换反应,并且最终导致造山花岗岩源区的熔融,产生相对亏损18O的过铝质花岗岩浆．对于以二台北岩体为代表的非造山花岗岩而言,幔源岩浆的下垫诱导的进变质反应造成流体对流,促进了幔源岩浆与花岗岩源区岩石的18O／16O交换反应,从而降低了后者的δ18O值．流体循环是深熔作用的先驱事件．与两个岩体侵位相联系的流体具有围绕岩体分布的外封皮性质．当岩浆温度下降到某一数值时,它们迅速进入岩体,瞬间流动速率较大．随着18O／16O交换反应的进行,流体来源迅速枯竭.     

大别山榴辉岩氢氧同位素组成及其地球动力学意义

对大别山东部超高压榴辉岩氧同位素研究表明,这些榴辉岩的δ~(18)O值分布表现出显著不均一性,从低达一2.6‰变化至十7.0‰.榴辉岩中各矿物之间的氧同位素分馏达到并保持了平衡,表明岩石在遭受超高压变质作用之前与亏损~(18)O的流体进行过相互作用.含羟基矿物的δD值为一 5l‰～一83‰,指示参与的流体是古大气降水,它与榴辉岩原岩(某种玄武质岩石)发生过显著的氧同位素交换.超高压变质榴辉岩中大气降水同位素信息的保存表明,这种榴辉告的原岩曾经出露于大陆地壳表面,并且当包含榴辉岩原岩的板块俯冲至地幔深度时,地壳与地幔之间的物质交换非常有限,因此滞留时间非常短暂(<20 Ma).不同矿物对的氧同位素平衡温度基本一致,反映出这种超高压变质榴辉告在地幔深度下形成之后,经历了一个快速的冷却和上升过程.     

淮南采煤沉陷区积水水文地球化学及氢氧稳定同位素特征

以安徽淮南采煤沉陷积水为研究对象,通过样品采集与测试,研究不同沉陷年限及类型积水水文地球化学和氢氧稳定同位素组成特征及影响因素.结果表明：（1）研究区水化学类型主要为Cl-Na、HCO₃·Cl-Na型,沉陷积水中常量离子主要来源于蒸发岩溶解和硅酸盐风化,受蒸发作用和人为活动的影响明显,水化学组成随沉陷时间和类型变化不大.（2）淮南大气降水线方程为：δD=8.85δ¹⁸O+18.73,沉陷区积水氢氧稳定同位素值在淮南大气降水线右下方依次分布并接近降水线,表明沉陷积水主要来源于大气降水.（3）在降水稀释、水体蒸发及地下水补给的作用下,随着沉陷年限的增加,积水中重同位素越来越贫化,同一年限不同类型的积水同位素值变化较小.     

青藏高原东部玉树降水中稳定同位素季节变化与水汽输送

青藏高原东部玉树降水中稳定同位素的季节变化特征与青藏高原南部的西南季风区和北部的内陆地区有显著不同, 降水中δ¹⁸O波动幅度大季节变化特征不明显. 降水中稳定同位素变化的差异反映了水汽来源变化的差异. 通过降水中稳定同位素的空间对比以及结合NCAR/NCEP再分析数据研究了形成该地区降水的水汽来源变化与降水中稳定同位素之间的关系. 研究发现青藏高原东部降水的水汽来源受夏季西南季风直接带来的水汽以及北部内陆与局地蒸发水汽的共同影响; 水汽来源以西南季风为主, 但西南季风的输送强度较青藏高原南部地区偏弱, 而北方的大陆水汽输送与局地水汽增强. 其结果导致夏季玉树降水中δ¹⁸O波动幅度增加, 而季节变化特征减弱.     

内蒙古高原岱海接受远程深循环地下水补给的环境同位素及水化学证据

利用环境同位素及水化学分析方法研究发现,岱海除了接受降水的直接补给之外,还接受泉水的补给.岱海周边泉水与井水的δD、δ¹⁸O值比当地降水明显贫化,泉水、井水显然不是来自于当地降水的补给;通过对岱海周边包气带土壤水中的氢氧稳定同位素分析发现,土壤水中的δD、δ¹⁸O值比当地降水值贫化,在地表埋深1 m附近,土壤中的盐分发生了累积,土壤水中的含盐量明显超过了土壤受蒸发所引起的增加量.研究表明岱海周边地区的大气降水不能入渗补给到潜水中,补给岱海的泉水不是来自于当地降水,而是具有同位素贫化特征的外源水.由此推断,在地层中可能存在一种地下水深循环的跨流域补给方式.在内蒙古高原地区,深循环地下水是维系湖泊不可或缺的补给源.     

Role of mantle-derived magma in genesis of early Yanshanian granites in the Nanling Range,South China: <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> zircon Hf-O isotopic constraints

Although a number of petrographic observations and isotopic data suggest that magma mixing is common in genesis of many granite plutons, it is still controversial whether the mantle-derived magmas were involved in granites. We carried out in this study a systematic analysis of in situ zircon Hf-O isotopes for three early Yanshanian intrusions dated at ca. 160 Ma from the Nanling Range of Southeast China. The Qinghu monzonite has very homogeneous zircon Hf-O isotopic compositions, εHf(t) =11.6±0.3 and δ18O=5...     

Oxygen isotopic composition of alkaline anorogenic granites as a clue to their origin: the problem of crustal oxygen

The primary isotopic characteristics of alkaline granites are often obscured by secondary processes enhanced by their unusual chemical compositions. This is true for radiogenic as well as for stable isotopes. For example, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios can vary drastically in closed systems because of very high Rb/Sr ratios and can also be easily modified by direct or indirect interaction with continental crust because of low Sr concentrations. Moreover, the frequent occurrence of the granitic massifs as hypovolcanic complexes increases the probability of interaction with meteoric waters which is a common source of important isotopic variability.The investigation of oxygen isotope systematics in alkaline acidic rocks from various environments shows the¹⁸O content of their quartz to be highly invariable, and the δ¹⁸O values to be close to the mantle range of values. This is due to the resistance of quartz to isotopic exchange, which makes it a good tracer of primary isotopic composition. If we eliminate the quartz δ¹⁸O values for which interaction with meteoric water is well documented (five samples), the total range of variation (seventeen samples) is from 6.0 to 7.3‰ relative to SMOW. The values can easily be accounted for by, and correspond to, equilibrium with mantle-type material in a temperature range of 1200-800°C. If we consider possible effects of fractional crystallization, this temperature range can probably be reduced to its lower limit which is much more likely for rocks of acidic composition.The present oxygen isotope study strongly supports an origin for alkaline anorogenic granites from mantle-dominated sources.     

浅海海洋盐度、温度和深度调查的精确度与海水密度计算的关系

一、本文目的海水密度系海水的盐度、温度和压力的连续函数,而在海水的压力每增加1分巴值深度几增加1米的极近似情况下,海水密度即系海水的盐度、温度和深度的连续函数。在必须精确获知海水密度值的要求下,海水的密度是藉它与盐度、温度和压力三者的函数关系计算而得的。为了要使计算所得的海水密度值有一定的精确度,所以海洋盐度、温度和深度调查的精确度就必须有一定的要求。由於中国海皆系浅海,所以本文仅就浅海海洋盐度、温度和深度调查的精确度与海水密度计算的关系加以论述。     

广东南山花岗岩形成时代、地球化学特征与成因

广东南山花岗岩体位于陂头复式岩体西端,锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为158.1±1.8Ma,是燕山早期岩浆活动的产物。岩石化学特征显示岩体以高硅、富碱、贫Ca和Mg以及高TFeO/MgO、低CaO/Na2O为特征。其K2O/Na2O〉1,A/NK=7.8~11.92,A/CNK=1.33~1.68,属过铝质碱性岩石。在稀土和微量元素组成上,岩石富含稀土元素（除明显的负Eu异常,δEu=0.09~0.16）以及Zr、Y、Th、U、Nb等高场强元素,贫Ba、Sr、Ti等,高10000x Ga/Al（比值大于2.6）。在Zr、Nb、Ce、Y对10000×Ga/Al以及TFeO/MgO-SiO2等A型花岗岩多种判别图上,投影点主要落在A型花岗岩区,而与高分异的I、S型花岗岩明显不同。这些特征均指示,南山岩体具有铝质A型花岗岩的特点。通过Y-Nb-3Ga和Y-Nb-Ce构造环境判别图解将其进一步划分为A2型花岗岩,代表其形成于拉张的构造背景之下。本文在此研究基础上,认为南山花岗质岩浆可能形成于相对挤压的中侏罗世。而在晚侏罗世早期相对拉张的作用下,岩石圈减薄,软流圈地幔上涌,地壳的泥质岩和少量砂质岩受到幔源流体富集后发生部分熔融后上侵形成铝质A型花岗岩,且有较强的结晶分异作用。     

Isotopic geochemistry (O,Sr, Pb) of the Golda Zuelva and Mboutou anorogenic complexes,North Cameroun: mantle origin with evidence for crustal contamination

The annular (6–8 km diameter) Golda Zuelva and Mboutou anorogenic complexes of North Cameroun are composed of a suite of alkaline plutonic rocks ranging from olivine gabbro to amphibole and biotite granite. For the Mboutou complex there are two overlapping centres. In the Golda Zuelva complex the plutonic rocks are associated with a later hawaiite to rhyolite volcanic suite. A Rb/Sr whole rock isochron gives an age of 66±3 Ma for the Golda Zuelva granites, with initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7020, and demonstrates that plutonism and volcanism were essentially contemporaneous and probably cogenetic. For Golda Zuelva and the north Mboutou centre¹⁸O/¹⁶O (5.6–6.2),⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7030–0.7045) and Pb isotopic ratios (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.60–15.64) support a mantle origin for the initial magmas. Unlike Sr isotopes, the O isotopic ratios of the granitic end members at Golda Zuelva (～7.5) indicate crustal contamination. Post-magmatic alteration was not significant.For the younger south Mboutou centre the O-, Sr- and Pb-isotopic data indicate more extensive magma-crust interaction and in a different (higher level?) crustal environment with δ¹⁸O granite=3.3‰,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios up to 0.706 and Pb isotopic ratios more markedly displaced from the oceanic volcanic field. The low-¹⁸O granites probably record, at least in part, a magmatic process with subsequent minor post-magmatic alteration effects. The major and trace element systematics between the north and south Mboutou centres are directly comparable. The evolution of the magmas were dominated by fractional crystallisation and progressive crustal contamination processes.     

Geodynamic significance of the A-type granites in the Sawuer region in west Junggar, Xinjiang: Rock geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon age evidence

Northern Xinjiang has been an idea and focus re-gion for post-collisional tectonic-metallogenic re-search. The time span of post-collisional stage, as well as the time span of extrusion and extension gyration of a post-collisional stage, and the process and dynamicssetting of Paleozoic continental growth are the key problems[1-7]. According to the definition by Liegeois[8], Wang et al. (in press)1) proposed that the taphrogeosyncline sedimentary formation that unconformably overliesthe main c…     

利用洞穴石笋的δ18O和δ13C重建3000a以来北京地区古气候和古环境——石花洞研究系列之三

首次提出用石笋中稳定同位素记录重建由降雨量和降水气团同位素组成所反映的古气候历史，从而为研究高分辨率的古季风气候信息开辟了新的途径。利用Ｈｅｎｄｙ准则、洞穴温度、研究区水系的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值以及温度公式，证实了同位素分析结果的可靠性，ＣａＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ之间存在同位素平衡分馏。对采自石花洞的石笋样品进行了分辨率约为２５ａ的δ１８Ｏ和δ１３Ｃ的分析测量，从而得到３０００ａ以来，北京地区古气候和古环境的变化信息     

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of eclogites from the Dabie Mountains and geodynamic implications

Heterogeneous δ¹⁸O values as low as - 2.6‰ to+7.0% are observed for ultrahigh pressure eclogites from the Dabie Mountains in East China. Oxygen isotope equilibrium has been approached between the eclogite minerals, suggesting that the rocks would have acquired the unusual δ¹⁸O values prior to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism by interaction with¹⁸O-depleted fluid. δD values of hydroxyl-bearing are between — 51% and - 83‰, precluding the possibility of paleoseawater involvement. The only likely fluid is ancient meteoric water that exchanged oxygen isotopes with the eclogite precursor (a kind of basaltic rocks) formerly resident on the continental crust. This suggests a crustal recycling process in the suture zone of late subduction. Because silicate minerals undergo rapid oxygen isotope exchange at mantle pressures, preservation of the isotopic signature of meteoric water in the eclogites indicates limited crust-mantle interaction and thus a short residence time (<20 Ma) when the plate containing the eclogite precursor was subducted to mantle depths. The agreement in oxygen isotope temperatures for different mineral pairs suggests a rapid cooling and ascent process for the eclogites subsequent to their formation at mantle depths. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.