粉煤灰作为路堤填料的动力特性试验研究

粉煤灰用作路堤填料时,其动力特性是大家较为关注的问题。在扬州电厂粉煤灰动三轴试验的基础上,对影响粉煤灰动强度的若干影响因素进行了分析,对粉煤灰路堤在饱水条件下的抗液化性能进行了探讨。研究结果表明：振次、初始静应力水平、含水量等对粉煤灰的动强度都有显著的影响;粉煤灰路堤在饱水条件下的抗液化性能则与地震动峰值加速度、初始静应力水平等有密切关系。     

百色膨胀土用作路堤填料的试验验证

基于膨胀土可以直接用作路堤填料的分类指标体系,在室内开展了3种不同膨胀土的物理性质、击实性状、强度特性试验研究,验证广西百隆高速公路膨胀土路段的膨胀土也可以直接用作路堤填料,并结合现场实体工程的效果验证用改进CBR值、改进CBR膨胀量和稠度3指标作为膨胀土路堤填料的分类指标体系的合理性。通过对标准CBR试验和改进CBR试验的对比,进一步验证了用改进CBR试验法评定膨胀土承载强度的合理性。由百色膨胀土的不浸水CBR试验,说明可以用封闭包盖对百隆路膨胀土路堤进行物理处治。实体工程中采用土性最差的1号膨胀土做填芯和用红黏土包边,得到的工程效果令人满意。由室内外试验结果,可以得出这3种百色膨胀土都可以直接用作路堤填料。     

膨胀土工程特性及其石灰改性试验研究

系统地开展了弱、中膨胀土及石灰稳定土的物理力学试验.试验表明:中膨胀土具有较强的吸水膨胀软化特性,其CBR值低于3%,不能满足路基对填料的强度要求,用作路基填料必须改性;当压实含水量控制得当,弱膨胀土CBR可满足规范要求,其压实含水量宜按最优含水量+(3～4)%控制;用石灰对中膨胀土改性效果显著,能有效抑制其胀缩潜势和提高土体强度,能满足路堤填筑的要求.中膨胀土石灰改性的质量掺合比宜按5.0%控制.     

粉煤灰填筑高速公路路堤的可行性研究

粉煤灰具有自重轻、抗剪强度高、抗压性能好、渗透性能好固结快、容量大技术要求低等优点。作为高速公路路基填料可同时解决其存放占地及高速公路路堤填土需征地的问题。此项施工中应充分利用粉煤灰的活性、在最佳含水量下压实及采用相应措施加强排水.     

昔格达土混合填料最优含水量研究

昔格达地层的沉积地质历史环境决定了昔格达地层的多旋回性及其泥岩的近饱和特性。因此昔格达土填料作为一种混合填料，具有与其它一般单一岩土填料不一样的工程特征。随着混合填料中各组分的变化，尤其是粘粒百分含量的变化，其含水量也将发生变化，对直接填料最优含水量的确定带来困难。而最优含水量的确定，既是路、坝基填方工程选料的需要，也是工程施工质量检验的需要。因此，填料最优含水量的研究具有一定的工程意义和实践价值。文章运用工程地质反分析的方法，从昔格达土的物理性质着手，通过对昔格达土混合填料工程力学性质特性与其含水量的关系的研究，发现昔格达土混合填料的最大干密度Pdmax、压实度及力学强度(c、Ф)值与含水量之间具有较好的相关性。从而得到了昔格达混合填料的最优含水量，并且这个最优含水量与随机混合的昔格达土填料的天然含水量较为接近。由此得出具有稳定混合比的天然昔格达土混合填料适于用作路、坝基填料的结论。并为工程选料和施工质量检验提供了参考依据。     

武广客运专线软岩填筑路基的模型试验研究

采用模型试验方法,对不同颗粒级配、不同含水量软岩路基在不同竖向准静荷载作用下的沉降和应力的分布规律进行了研究,得出了一定的颗粒级配与含水量软岩填筑的路堤,通过压实可以满足路基设计规范技术要求,并通过两种填料级配和含水量情况下的填筑路堤进行较高荷载试验研究,分析了其变形破坏特征。研究成果可充分利用铁路沿线软岩资源、节省工程投资、少占耕地农田、保护环境,社会和经济同时受益。     

高速公路路基膨胀土改性处理的实验研究

膨胀土工程地质性质很差,在被用作高等级公路的路基填料时,要进行改性处理.通过对一种典型膨胀土物理力学性质的研究及掺加石灰进行改性处理试验,得出了不同掺灰量、不同含水量及不同压实度对膨胀土性能的影响规律.在采用掺灰土填筑路基时,最好在大于最佳含水量的条件下压实,并且在可压实的情况下尽可能提高压实含水量及压实度,这样可大大减少路基的膨胀量及膨胀力.     

含水量对昔格达土填料工程地质性质的影响研究

昔格达地层的沉积地质历史环境决定了昔格达地层的多旋回性及其中泥岩的近饱和特性 ,因此昔格达土填料具有一般其他岩土填料不一样的工程特征。本文通过对昔格达土工程特性的论述 ,以含水量为锲入点 ,分析了含水量变化对昔格达土填料工程性质的影响 ,得出昔格达土混合填料最大干密度 dmax、压实度及强度c、 值都与含水量存在一致的相关性 ,即存在一个最优含水量 ,这个最优含水量接近随机混合的昔格达填料的天然含水量的结论。     

红层填料蠕变特性及工程应用研究

为了保持轨道的平顺性和稳定性,高速铁路要求路堤的工后沉降为0。红层属于C类填料,易崩解、软化,依据单轴压缩蠕变（粒径小于2 mm和压实度为95 %）试验结果,对红层填料的蠕变特性进行了分析,同时基于工程应用的目的,根据蠕变曲线对路堤的工后沉降进行了预测,论证了采用红层作为填料在一定的施工工艺下能满足路堤工后0沉降的要求。     

花岗岩残积土填料路用工程特性室内试验研究

为了研究花岗岩残积土的路用工程特性,通过击实试验、承载比CBR试验、固结试验以及室内基床系数试验分析了该类材料压实性能及基本力学特性,对压实度为92%的最优含水率和饱和压实土样进行了循环加载试验,研究了动力荷载作用下土体的变形特性。结果表明,花岗岩残积土在K为91%～97%时压实功效率较高,提高压实度对于增强土体局部抗变形能力较为有效;采用室内三轴法得到的基床系数K30值为188.25 MPa/m;最优含水率下花岗岩残积土动力变形稳定性较好,但含水率增加会大幅度增加土体塑性变形,降低土的动弹性模量,不利于变形稳定。所以作为路堤填料,应考虑作为受气候与动荷载影响较小的下路堤备用填料,作为铁路路堤本体及公路上、下路路床填料,应在进行土性改良且满足要求的论证基础上取舍。研究成果可为花岗岩残积土填料的工程应用及土体改良提供技术参考。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.