大菱鲆红体病虹彩病毒体外增殖条件的研究

探讨大菱鲆病毒疫苗的研制,以牙鲆鳃细胞(FG细胞)为增殖体系,利用细胞病变效应(CPE)为判断指标,对大菱鲆红体病虹彩病毒(Turbot reddish body iridovirus,TRBIV)的体外最适增殖条件等进行了研究。结果表明,病毒接种量、病毒吸附时间、细胞培养条件对TRBIV的体外增殖均有明显的影响,以0.2 mL病毒液接种FG细胞、吸附2 h、用含10%胎牛血清的MEM培养液于22℃培养时,病毒的增殖速度最快。研究还发现,病毒的收获时间和病毒液冻融次数对所得病毒的感染力均有显著影响,在最佳增殖条件下,病毒在FG细胞中增殖至第4天时进行收获,且只冻融1次,其感染活性最强,反复冻融后病毒的感染活性会显著降低。     

Spatiotemporal characteristics of sea ice transport in the Baffin Bay and its association with atmospheric variability

Sea ice export through the Baffin Bay plays a vital role in modulating the sea ice cover variability in the Labrador Sea.In this study,satellite-derived sea ice products are used to obtain the sea ice area flux (SIAF) through the three passages in the Baffin Bay (referred to as A,B,and C for the north,middle,and south passages,respectively).The spatial variability of the monthly sea ice drift in the Baffin Bay is presented.The interannual variability and trends in SIAF via the three passages are outlined.The connection to several large-scale atmospheric circulation modes is assessed.Over the period of 1988–2015,the average annual (October to the following September) SIAF amounts to 555×10~3 km~2,642×10~3 km~2,and 551×10~3 km~2 through Passages A,B,and C,respectively.These quantities are less than that observed through the Fram Strait (FS,707×10~3 km~2) of the corresponding period.The positive trends in annual SIAF,on the order of 53.1×10~3 km~2/(10 a) and 43.2×10~3 km~2/(10 a)(significant at the 95%confidence level),are identified at Passages A and B,respectively.The trend of the south passage (C),however,is slightly negative (–13.3×10~3 km~2/(10 a),not statistically significant).The positive trends in annual SIAF through the Passages A and B are primarily attributable to the significant increases after 2000.The connection between the Baffin Bay sea ice export and the North Atlantic Oscillation is not significant over the studied period.By contrast,the association with the cross-gate sea level pressure difference is robust in the Baffin Bay (R equals 0.69 to 0.71,depending on the passages considered),but relatively weaker than that over FS (R=0.74).     

基于水下自主航行器（AUV）的神狐峡谷谷底块体搬运沉积特征及其对深水峡谷物质输运过程的指示

海底峡谷是陆源物质向深海运移的重要通道。对于远离陆地的海底峡谷,通常认为浊流是物质搬运的主要营力。受限于探测精度和复杂作业环境影响,使用常规地球物理资料对深水海底峡谷尤其是对谷底沉积体的形态和结构特征的刻画不够精细。基于水下自主航行器（AUV, Autonomous Underwater Vehicle）采集的高分辨率多波束、旁扫声呐和浅地层剖面资料,对神狐峡谷群中的一条峡谷的谷底表面及部分浅部地层的沉积特征进行了分析。结果表明,峡谷谷底浅部地层并不像它平滑的表面那么简单,而是由大量内部杂乱弱反射、厚度在8.4 m及以下的块体搬运沉积体组成。峡谷中下游块体搬运沉积体大都沿峡谷走向整体呈条带状展布,不是直接来源于相邻的峡谷脊部。研究认为在特定沉积环境下（例如高海平面时期）,陆坡限定性峡谷谷底的块体搬运沉积过程的重复进行是峡谷谷底物质输运的重要途径,与浊流共同雕刻了峡谷的地形地貌。基于AUV的地球物理探测技术将是研究海底浅表层沉积过程和保障海底工程施工的重要手段。     

Distribution and retention of Petrolisthes armatus in a coastal plain estuary: The role of vertical movement in larval transport

Since transport of planktonic larvae is essential to the maintenance and expansion of many marine species, we examined the spatial and temporal distribution of green porcelain crab Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850) larvae and the possible underlying physical and behavioral mechanisms using a combination of field observations and numerical modeling. The field study consisted of observations of larval abundance and distribution as well as hydrographic surveys of the Satilla River estuary on the east coast of the USA in August 2006. Larvae were found throughout the water column within the tributaries but primarily at depth in the main river. A numerical model was used to examine the effect of flow and possible larval behavior responsible for the observed distribution and the consequences for larval retention in the estuary. Model results that included downward larval movement are consistent with the field observations, supporting the hypothesis that P. armatus larvae vertically migrate within the water column, which aids in their retention within the estuary.