非静压波浪模型无反射造波

非静压波浪模型是一种近年来得到迅速发展且有望在工程计算中获得广泛应用的波浪模型。为了在非静压波浪模型中实现无反射造波,在连续性方程中添加了质量源项进行域内源造波,并采用阻尼消波方法进行数值消波。数值算例结果表明,所建立的无反射造波方法可以较好地避免非静压波浪数学模型中的二次反射,实现长时间稳定波浪模拟。     

非静压水波模型研究综述

水波数值模拟一直是水利、海岸、海洋工程和物理海洋等学科关注的重要研究领域之一。在诸多的水波模型之中,非静压水波模型以其计算精度和效率较为平衡的特点受到青睐。非静压水波模型经过近三十年的发展,为科学研究、工程设计分析和海洋资源开发等提供了重要的技术手段。然而,如何开发更为高效的非静压模型,拓宽模型的应用领域一直是研究的主要研究方向。文章综述了非静压模型概念的提出以及数值开发的难点,介绍了非静压模型在波浪传播演化和波浪与结构物相互作用这两方面的应用进展,将有助于研究者了解非静压水波模型的研究和应用现状。     

刚性植物对聚焦波爬坡影响的数值模拟

基于开源程序非静压模型NHWAVE(Non-Hydrostatic Water Wave Model),建立了高精度二维数值波浪水槽,系统研究了非淹没刚性植物对聚焦波爬坡的影响规律,并分析了有效波高、植物区密度和长度等因素对局部最大波高衰减系数、总波能耗散系数和最大波浪爬高的影响。研究结果表明：当聚焦波向岸传播时,局部最大波高衰减系数和总波能耗散系数均随有效波高、植物区密度和植物区长度的增大而增大。聚焦波的最大爬高随有效波高的增大而增大,随植物区密度和植物区长度的增大而减小。随着植物区密度和长度的增大,波峰聚焦的聚焦波相比波谷聚焦的聚焦波有着更大的最大波浪爬高。结果可为进一步认识沿岸防浪林对聚焦波浪的衰减效应和沿海地区的防灾减灾建设提供参考依据。     

斜坡上波浪破碎与越浪非静压数值模拟

为合理确定防浪建筑物的越浪量,基于含非静水压力梯度项的非线性浅水方程建立了近岸波浪越浪数值模型。通过采用域内造波、消波并结合波前静压假定的破碎模型,模拟了规则波和不规则波在斜坡上的波浪传播变形,并在此基础上进行了越浪量数值计算。数值计算结果与物理模型实验结果表明,非静压模型可合理地描述波浪破碎点位置、破碎后的波高、增减水以及斜坡上的堤后越浪量。数值模型具有较高的计算精度和计算效率,可为实际工程防浪建筑物越浪以及堤顶高程的设计提供一种新的数值研究手段。     

聚焦波作用下透水潜堤消波特性数值模拟研究

基于非静压数值计算模型,本文系统研究了聚焦波作用下透水潜堤的消波特性,通过设置合理的计算工况,详细分析了波高、堤顶水深、谱峰周期、孔隙率以及堤顶宽度5种因素对透水潜堤消波特性的影响。与此同时,本文将透水潜堤的计算结果同不透水潜堤的计算结果进行了对比分析。计算结果表明：透水潜堤对聚焦波的消减作用要强于不透水潜堤,从而说明,透水潜堤能更有效地降低畸形波对海岸基础设施的影响;波高和堤顶水深是影响潜堤消波特性的重要因素,随入射波高增加、堤顶水深减小,透水潜堤对波浪的消减作用逐渐增强。透水潜堤对长周期波浪的消波效果较差。在本文考虑的孔隙率范围内,孔隙率越大,透水潜堤消波效果越好;当孔隙率为0.4,堤顶宽度为0.612 5 m时,透水潜堤可消减54%的入射波能,比不透水潜堤对入射波能的消减增加36.1%。本文研究结果可为进一步认识透水潜堤的消波特性和海岸防护工程设计提供相应的参考。     

黄河口浅水波浪变形的数值计算及淤泥质海底摩阻系数的探讨

为解决位于黄河口水下三角洲上海洋钻井平台及钻探船受波浪的破坏问题,我们对黄河口以北的五号桩海域进行了浅水波浪变形数值计算,并提出了黄河口区波浪作用下海底摩阻系数与波浪要素和水质条件(粘滞性)的经验关系式。通过对计算结果的分析,讨论了黄河口五号桩地区的波浪传播特性。     

风压作用下非线性极端波浪的数值模拟

本文在时域非线性数值波浪水槽中,研究了不同风速条件下极端波浪的特性。采用推板造波的方式生成非线性波浪,基于Jeffrey遮蔽理论将风压项引入自由面动力学边界条件来模拟风压作用,通过高阶边界元法和混合欧拉-拉格朗日时间步进法来求解初边值问题。通过与已发表的聚焦波群实验结果对比验证了该数值模型的准确性,并研究了风压对极端波浪的最大波高、聚焦位置的偏移和波浪谱的演变等波浪性质的影响。本文进一步在数值波浪水槽中引入均匀水流,来模拟风生流对波浪演变的影响。结果表明,风压的存在会少量增大极端波浪的最大波高,波浪的聚焦和解焦过程伴随着明显的能量传递,并且风生流进一步导致了波浪聚焦位置的偏移。     

聚焦波浪在浅堤上传播变形高精度数值模拟研究

基于开源程序REEF3D,通过建立高精度二维数值波浪水槽,系统研究了聚焦波浪在浅堤上传播变形的规律,着重分析了聚焦波浪通过浅堤的水动力过程及能量变化规律,讨论了不同波浪要素对聚焦波浪传播特性的影响。除此之外,还考虑了双浅堤布置对聚焦波浪传播变形的影响。研究结果表明:极端波浪通过浅堤时,堤顶水深越小,波浪主频能量衰减越显著。在给定堤顶水深条件下,聚焦点与浅堤的相对位置对聚焦波浪能量的衰减影响较小。在双浅堤布置条件下,随着浅堤间距的增加,上下游浅堤的相互影响逐渐减弱,高频段的波浪能量也随之减小。     

极端瞬态波浪的特征分析

介绍了与海上结构物“ringing”现象产生有关的极端瞬态波浪问题的提出、研究现状、波浪特征及其物理模拟方法等现有的研究成果。     

高阶谱方法建立三维畸形波聚焦模拟模型

三维波浪方向聚焦是畸形波形成机理之一.为了模拟和分析这一现象,在势流理论内基于改进的高阶谱(HOS)方法,给出了时空聚焦方式生成畸形波的三维波浪模型.利用满足周期性边界条件的具有不同频率、不同传播方向的各独立组成波,分隔了计算域内的能量;使各组成波采用等振幅能量分布的形式,聚焦模拟了实验尺度畸形波;把高阶谱方法拓展到大尺度的开敞海域,考虑波浪方向分布的影响,聚焦模拟了大尺度畸形波的发展和形成过程.     

Physical Investigation of Directional Wave Focusing and Breaking Waves in Wave Basin

An experimental scheme for the generation of directional focusing waves in a wave basin is established in this paper. The effects of the directional range, frequency width and center frequency on the wave focusing are studied. The distrihution of maximum amplitude and the evolution of time series and spectra during wave packet propagation and the variation of water surface parameters are extensively investigated. The results reveal that the characteristics of focusing waves are significantly influenced hy wave directionality and that that breaking criteria for directional waves are distinctly different from those for unidirectional waves.     

A Hybrid Finite-Volume and Finite Difference Scheme for Depth-Integrated Non-Hydrostatic Model

A depth-integrated, non-hydrostatic model with hybrid finite difference and finite volume numerical algorithm is proposed in this paper. By utilizing a fraction step method, the governing equations are decomposed into hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic parts. The first part is solved by using the finite volume conservative discretization method, whilst the latter is considered by solving discretized Poisson-type equations with the finite difference method. The second-order accuracy, both in time and space, of the finite volume scheme is achieved by using an explicit predictor-correction step and linear construction of variable state in cells. The fluxes across the cell faces are computed in a Godunov-based manner by using MUSTA scheme. Slope and flux limiting technique is used to equip the algorithm with total variation dimensioning property for shock capturing purpose. Wave breaking is treated as a shock by switching off the non-hydrostatic pressure in the steep wave front locally. The model deals with moving wet/dry front in a simple way. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the proposed model.     

Numerical Study of Influence of Currents on Nonlinear Focusing Waves

In this paper,a numerical model for nonlinear wave propagation in currents is formulated by a set of enhanced fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations with ambient currents.This model is verified by comparison with the published results.Then the influence of currents on nonlinear focusing waves is studied by use of the numerical model.It is found that the effect of currents on the surface elevations at the focal location is negligible.Following currents can augment the maximum crest of focusing wave while decre...     

极端波浪对海洋导管架平台的作用及其模型试验研究

通过极端波浪对海洋导管架平台作用力的模型试验,对极端波浪的作用进行了探讨。首先在常规波浪力计算公式的基础上,提出了极端波浪作用下的简易计算方法,并结合国外相应研究成果,提出了三个简易计算表达式;在对模型试验数据的分析基础上,给出了上述三个简易计算公式中的系数,从而得到极端波浪作用下的波浪力计算表达式。     

A Higher-Efficient Non-Hydrostatic Finite Volume Model for Strong Three-Dimensional Free Surface Flows and Sediment Transport

In order to accurately simulate strong three-dimensional (3-D) free surface flows and sediment transport, the fully 3-D non-hydrostatic pressure models are developed based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and convection–diffusion equation of sediment concentration with the mixing triangle and quadrilateral grids. The governing equations are discretized with the unstructured finite volume method in order to provide conservation properties of mass and momentum, and flexibility with practical application. It is shown that it is first-order accurate on nonuniform plane two-dimensional (2-D) grids and second-order accurate on uniform plane grids. A third-order approximation of the vertical velocity at the top-layer is applied. In such a way, free surface zero stress boundary condition is satisfied maturely, and very few vertical layers are needed to give an accurate solution even for complex discontinuous flow and short wave simulation. The model is applied to four examples to simulate strong 3-D free surface flows and sediment transport where non-hydrostatic pressures have a considerable effect on the velocity field. The newly developed model is verified against analytical solutions with an excellent agreement.     

Efficient Focusing Models for Generation of Freak Waves

Four focusing models for generation of freak waves are presented. An extreme wave focusing model is presented on the basis of the enhanced High-Order Spectral (HOS) method and the importance of the nonlinear wave-wave interaction is evaluated by comparison of the calculated results with experimental and theoretical data. Based on the modification of the Longuet-Higgins model, four wave models for generation of freak waves (a. extreme wave model + random wave model; b. extreme wave model + regular wave model...     

Numerical Wave Tank Based on A Conserved Wave-Absorbing Method

Recently the numerical wave tank has become a widely-used tool to study waves as well as wave-structure interactions, and the wave-absorbing method is very important as its effect on the quality of waves generated. The relaxation method and the derived momentum source method are often utilized, however, the damping weight is constant during calculation and repeated trials are required to obtain an acceptable wave-absorbing effect. To address the above- mentioned issues, a conserved wave-absorbing method is developed. The damping weight is determined by solving the mass conservation equation of the absorbing region at every time step. Based on this method, a two-dimensional numerical wave tank is established by using the VB language to simulate various waves by which the validation of this method is evaluated.     

Wave Runup-Rundown Ampu''''tude on Slopes

This paper gives an overall discussion about water level change on slopes under wave action, including wave runup, wave rundown and wave up-down amplitude, and a suggested formula for their calculation.     

Numerical Model of Cnoidal Wave Flume

The volume of fluid(VOF)method is used to set up a wave flume with an absorbing wavemaker of cnoidal waves.Based on the transfer function between wave surface and paddle velocity obtained bythe shallow water wave theory,the velocity boundary condition of an absorbing wave maker is introduced toabsorb reflected waves that reach the numerical wave maker.For H/d ranging from 0.1 to 0.59 and T(g/d)~(1/2)from 7.9 to 18.3,the parametric studies have been carried out and compared with experiments.