论中国铅锌矿床的主岩+成因综合分类

铅锌矿床分类是铅锌矿床地质学的最主要研究课题之一。在《中国矿产地质志·铅锌矿卷》研编过程中,笔者对国内外有关铅锌矿床分类的文献进行了较详细的调查、研究和梳理,并且根据对国内外许多重要铅锌矿床的研究实践,提出了中国铅锌矿床的主岩+成因分类。该分类将中国铅锌矿床划分为11个类型,包括： 沉积岩为主岩喷流沉积型、碳酸盐岩为主岩（后生）型、砂岩铅和砂砾岩铅锌矿床、火山岩为主岩块状硫化物型、与侵入岩有关的铅锌矿床、陆相火山岩型、非岩浆成因中低温热液型、非硫化物型、砂矿型、复合型和叠生型。笔者总结提出的中国铅锌矿床综合（主岩+成因）分类表能较好地涵盖全国的铅锌矿床类型、亚型、矿床式及其代表性矿床。复合型和叠生型是中国铅锌矿床特色,找矿前景良好,应加强勘查、开发和研究。     

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床成因研究中的几个问题

位于川-滇-黔铅锌多金属成矿域中南部云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床可能是一种新的铅锌矿床类型，该类铅锌矿床明显特征是规模大、品位富、伴生有用元素多，暗示其成矿环境较为特殊。从成矿时代、成矿物质来源、成矿流体来源与演化，以及峨眉山玄武岩与成矿的关系等方面分析了会泽超大型铅锌矿床的研究进展及国内外研究现状，认为矿床成矿时代与西南大面积峨眉山玄武岩成矿时代相近，成矿物质和成矿流体具有“多源性”，成矿流体存在均一化过程，区域大规模流体运移在该区铅锌成矿过程中具有重要意义，峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动与铅锌成矿具有密切的成因联系，矿床可能为“均一化成矿流体贯入成矿”的产物。     

扬子板块北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征与指示意义

马元铅锌矿床是我国近年来在扬子板块北缘探获的大型铅锌矿床,对马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素进行了高精度的LA-ICP-MS测试研究,结果表明矿床闪锌矿微量元素含量具有低Fe、Mn,高分散元素Cd、Ge、Ga,低分散元素In的特征;闪锌矿Fe、Mn含量和Ga/Ge比值特征指示了矿床成矿流体温度不高,可能为与中低温盆地流体有关的铅锌矿床;闪锌矿中分散元素In、Ge特征能有效的区分铅锌矿床的成因类型:与岩浆或火山活动有关的铅锌矿床闪锌矿具有高In或低In,低Ge的特征,而与盆地卤水有关的中低温矿床中闪锌矿则普遍富Ge贫In。依据马元铅锌矿床微量元素特征,结合矿床地质与地球化学特征,认为马元铅锌矿应属于密西西比河谷型铅锌矿床(MVT铅锌矿床)。     

中朝古元古代层控铅锌矿床类型及其比较

中朝古元古代层控铅锌矿床属海底喷气沉积铅锌矿床。以地层对比与含矿层位为基础,以铅,硫同位素为重要信息,结合后期地质事件对矿床的影响与矿床主要成矿阶段不同,将这类矿床划分４个类型;受变质沉积层控铅锌矿床,受改造沉积层控铅锌矿床,变质热液改造型层控铅锌矿床和岩浆热液叠生型层控锌矿床。     

新疆主要铅锌矿床类型及成矿规律

层控铅锌矿床是新疆最重要的铅锌矿床类型,已知大中型矿床均属此类型.铅锌矿床主要分布在阿尔泰山南缘、中天山和塔里木陆块(盆地)西缘3条重要成矿带上,特别是阿尔泰南缘和塔里木陆块西缘是新疆大中型铅锌矿床最重要的2个集中分布区.     

中国铅锌矿床成矿规律概要

中国铅锌资源十分丰富,目前全国铅锌矿产地数据3000多处,铅锌金属储量1亿多吨,铅锌储量均居世界第二位。鉴于铅锌矿床的分类一直以来极具争议,应矿产资源定量预测需求建立了铅锌矿床预测类型分类方案,并将成因类型和工业类型结合,提出了以成矿作用为一级要素,容矿围岩为二级要素的5类13亚类铅锌矿床类型划分方案。总结了全国铅锌矿床时空分布规律,提出多期次、多旋回的造山带环境是铅锌矿床发育的最有利部位,元古代是火山岩型矿床发育的主要时期,古生代是沉积型铅锌矿床发育的重要时期,中、新生代是岩浆型铅锌矿床发育的全盛期。在此基础上,分析了构造演化与铅锌成矿的关系,并提出了成矿时代确定、成矿关键地质要素厘定、构造环境分析等因素是影响成矿类型划分、时空分布规律研究重要因素。     

黄沙坪矿床矿物组合分带规律研究

黄沙坪铅锌矿床围绕３０１号和３０４号花岗斑岩体出现矿物组合分带的特点。矿物组合呈正向带状分布，由复杂到简单。从花岗斑岩体至远离岩体的地层，矿床分带表现为接触交代矽卡岩型铁（锡）矿床→气化高温热液矽卡岩型钨钼矿床→高中温热液含铁（锡）铅锌矿床或铜铅锌矿床。成矿顺序为Ｆｅ→Ｆｅ（Ｓｎ）→Ｗ、Ｍｏ→（Ｃｕ）ＰｂＺｎ。并分析了矿液形成、运移演化、成矿过程中的硫、氧与温度的相互联系，相互制约，共同作用构成了矿物共生组合分带的规律。     

湖南水口山铅锌矿田地质特征及找矿思路

从分析湖南水口山矿田所处区域地质背景和深部构造对矿田内岩浆活动的控制作用入手,阐述了矿田内表层构造与岩浆侵位、岩体产状及成矿的关系,讨论了矿床基本地质特征、成矿地质条件、矿床成因,研究了矿田内两类基本矿床（接触交代型铅锌矿床和热液交代充填型铅锌矿床和热液交代充填型铅锌金银矿床）与火成活动的关系,提出应在火成岩周围找矿。     

贵州天柱云洞地区铅锌矿的发现及其找矿意义

通过贵州天柱重晶石矿整装勘查,在天柱云洞重晶石矿床下部发现铅锌矿体,矿体产于陡山沱组地层中,呈层状产出,规模较大,具有"上部重晶石矿,下部铅锌矿"的分布规律。从矿床地质、地化特征等方面研究,获得该矿床属于热水喷流沉积成因的初步证据。通过与典型SEDEX铅锌矿床对比,云洞地区铅锌矿的矿体形态、矿物组合、矿石组构、围岩蚀变,以及沉积、构造环境等,都与典型SEDEX铅锌矿床具有相似性。根据沉积、构造背景分析,认为湘西黔东具备热水喷流沉积(SEDEX)型铅锌矿床的成矿条件,预测天柱坪地—新晃—玉屏一带具有寻找大型铅锌矿床的前景。     

滇中荒田铅锌矿床Rb-Sr同位素年代学与C-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学特征

滇中荒田铅锌矿床赋存于下二叠统碳酸盐岩与上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩接触界面上,矿体主要呈似层状、透镜状产出。矿石矿物组合以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,脉石矿物以石英、方解石、白云石为主。热液方解石C、O同位素组成表明荒田铅锌矿床成矿流体中CO_2的碳具有多元性,主要来源于幔源与海相碳酸盐岩的混合碳;硫化物硫同位素组成表明荒田铅锌矿床硫以岩浆硫为主,可能混有其他硫源(可能包括地层硫酸盐),铅同位素表明赋矿围岩、玄武岩和燕山期花岗岩均有可能为成矿提供了成矿物质,是多源混合后的产物;闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为(83.2±3.4)Ma,指示荒田铅锌矿床形成于晚燕山期,荒田铅锌矿床成矿动力学背景可能与右江褶皱带在中生代末期发生了大规模的岩石圈伸展有关。而晚二叠世海相喷发火山岩对矿区铅锌矿床的形成起了重要的盖层、赋矿层及矿化作用。综上,荒田铅锌矿床成矿流体中的不同组分来源不同,矿床类型为沉积-改造型矿床。     

华北克拉通北缘与盆地流体有关的若干矿床实例

与华南一样,在华北克拉通北缘及其增生带也有与盆地流体有关的矿床产出。矿床的生成总是与张裂型沉积盆地有关。根据基底大地构造性质和盆地动力学演化特征,可划分出两个与盆地流体有关的、特征各异的金属成矿省：1)华北克拉通北部元古代金．多金属成矿省,在克拉通内部,边缘元古代裂谷增生期生成沉积喷流型硫多金属矿床和沉积岩容矿的微细浸染型金矿床;2)大兴安岭中南段古生代锡．多金属成矿省,在克拉通北缘早／晚古生代增生带的张裂型沉积盆地内分别生成各具特征的铅锌/锡-多金属矿床。     

Role of extracellular polymeric substances in metal ion complexation on Shewanella oneidensis: Batch uptake, thermodynamic modeling, ATR-FTIR, and EXAFS study

The effect of cell wall-associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the Gram-negative bacterium Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 on proton, Zn(II), and Pb(II) adsorption was investigated using a combination of titration/batch uptake studies, surface complexation modeling, attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Both unmodified (wild-type (WT) strain) and genetically modified cells with inhibited production of EPS (ΔEPS strain) were used. Three major types of functional groups (carboxyl, phosphoryl, and amide groups) were identified in both strains using ATR-FITR spectroscopy. Potentiometric titration data were fit using a constant capacitance model (FITEQL) that included these three functional groups. The fit results indicate less interaction of Zn(II) and Pb(II) with carboxyl and amide groups and a greater interaction with phosphoryl groups in the ΔEPS strain than in the WT strain. Results from Zn(II) and Pb(II) batch adsorption studies and surface complexation modeling, assuming carboxyl and phosphoryl functional groups, also indicate significantly lower Zn(II) and Pb(II) uptake and binding affinities for the ΔEPS strain. Results from Zn K-edge EXAFS spectroscopy show that Zn(II) bonds to phosphoryl and carboxyl ligands in both strains. Based on batch uptake and modeling results and EXAFS spectral analysis, we conclude that the greater amount of EPS in the WT strain enhances Zn(II) and Pb(II) uptake and hinders diffusion of Zn(II) to the cell walls relative to the ΔEPS strain.     

The mixing of multi-source fluids in the Wusihe Zn–Pb ore deposit in Sichuan Province,Southwestern China

The Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) metallogenic province of southwest China is one of the most important Zn–Pb ore zones in China, with ~ 200 Mt Zn–Pb ores at mean grades of 10 wt.% Zn and 5 wt.% Pb. The source and mechanism of the regional Zn–Pb mineralization remain controversial despite many investigations that have been conducted. The Wusihe Zn–Pb deposit is a representative large-scale Zn–Pb deposit in the northern SYG, which mainly occurs in the Dengying Formation and yields Zn–Pb resources of ~ 3.7 Mt. In this paper, Zn and S isotopes, and Fe and Cd contents of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit were investigated in an attempt to constrain the controls on Zn and S isotopic variations, the potential sources of ore-forming components, and the possible mineralization mechanisms. Both the δ⁶⁶Zn and δ³⁴S values in sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit increase systematically from the bottom to the top of the strata-bound orebodies. Such spatial evolution in δ⁶⁶Zn and δ³⁴S values of sphalerite can be attributed to isotopic Rayleigh fractionation during sphalerite precipitation with temperature variations. The strong correlations between the Zn–S isotopic compositions and Fe–Cd concentrations in sphalerite suggest that their variations were dominated by a similar mechanism. However, the Rayleigh fractionation mechanism cannot explain the spatial variations of Fe and Cd concentrations of sphalerite in this deposit. It is noted that the bottom and top sphalerites from the strata-bound orebodies document contrasting Zn and S isotopic compositions which correspond to the Zn and S isotopic characteristics of basement rocks and host rocks, respectively. Therefore, the mixing of two-source fluids with distinct Zn–S isotopic signatures was responsible for the spatial variations of Zn–S isotopic compositions of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit. The fluids from basement rocks are characterized by relatively lighter Zn (~ 0.2 ‰) and S (~ 5 ‰) isotopic compositions while the fluids from host rocks are marked by relatively heavier Zn (~ 0.6 ‰) and S (~ 15 ‰) isotopic compositions.

     

山西省塔儿山—二峰山地区破碎带型金矿地质特征及找矿标志

通过找工作的实践,证实塔儿山－二峰山财区金矿体产于破碎带内,并认为破碎带构造复杂,硅化,黄铁矿,褐铁矿化,蚀度强裂地段是找金矿的重要标志。     

成都市某蔬菜基地重金属污染状况分析

分别用原子吸收和原子荧光光谱法，研究了成都市蔬菜基地蔬菜中Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Hg、As的含量和相应的土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量。研究结果表明蔬菜中重金属含量均低于国家食品卫生标准。蔬菜中Cd、Zn、Cu、Hg主要来自土壤，Pb、As主要来自大气降尘。温室种植能有效地避免蔬菜Pb、As的污染。温室无土栽培应注液培养基中的重金属含量，以免导致二次污染。     

火山与环境研究的进展

火山与环境的关系,是火山学研究的一个重要方面,近年来已引起人们的普遍重视。本评述了目前国阿外学对火山与环境关系研究的进展情况。     

内蒙古东升庙、甲生盘中元古代SEDEX矿床同生断裂活动及其控矿特征

东升庙Zn -Pb -Cu矿床和甲生盘Zn -Pb矿床具有鲜明的层控特征, 前者产在中元古界狼山群二组中, 后者则局限在中元古界渣尔泰山群阿古鲁沟组第二岩段内.二者产出层位相当, 根据(1) 含矿地层有岩相(性) 的突变; (2) 含矿岩段地层厚度顺走向和倾向变化性大、厚度突变现象明显, 并存在层间砾岩和滑塌角砾岩, 角砾成分为大小不一的白云石大理岩块、碳质千枚岩、石英团块、凝灰岩块、变粒岩块、变质火山岩碎块、黑云母片岩碎块; (3) 矿体总体呈层产出, 但有一些Zn -Pb -Cu矿体突然变薄, 甚至消失, 形成鱼头状矿体, 且发育角砾状矿石, 角砾成分与层间砾岩的相同, 且还含Pb -Zn矿石或Py矿石角砾; (4) 火山岩或凝灰岩夹层顺同生断裂带分布, 确认其唯一容矿岩组形成过程中有明显的同生断裂活动.同生断裂系统是含矿热水和火山熔浆进入沉积盆地的通道, 是两大矿床形成的有利因素, 但其活动频率、规模与持续时间的差异, 也造成不同的矿床规模和矿体分布.东升庙矿床同生断裂活动时限相对长、矿床规模大、矿种多.甲生盘矿床同生断裂活动时间短, 矿床规模为大型.      

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Calcite from the World-class Huize Pb-Zn Deposits, Yunnan Province, China

The world-class Huize Pb-Zn deposits of Yunnan province, China, is located in the center of the Sichuan-Yun-nan-Guizhou Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenic province, has Pb+Zn reserves of more than 5 million tons at Pb+Zn grade of higher than 25% and contains abundant metals, such as Ag, Ge, Cd, and Ga.     

Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in dust in main living areas of Guiyang City,Southwest China

Guiyang is a famous tourist city located in southwestern China. In this study, dust from eleven residential areas, seven city squares, and nine schools was collected to measure the heavy metal levels and evaluate its risk. At each sampling site, 4-5 sub-samples were taken as a bulk sample. All samples were air-dried, ground, passed through a 0.105 mm nylon sieve, digested with HNO3-HC104 to determine the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-MS, and digested with 1：1 aqua regia to determine As by AFS. The results show that the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in dust of Guiyang City follow normal distribution with means of 16.1, 1.54, 138, 47.7, 129 and 479 mg/kg, respectively. Levels of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceed the background level of soil in Guizhou Province by 33%, 96%, 100%, 78%, 96%, and 100%, respectively. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn are heavily accumu- lated in dust of living areas with accumulation factors of 4.10, 5.12, 4.12 and 5.51, respectively. City square pos- sesses the highest geometric means of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The risks of heavy metal exposure to teenagers are not obvious and in an order ofAs〉Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Zn （Cd）.     

水下混凝土灌注桩常见事故及预防处理

本文介绍了钻孔灌注桩实用范围,阐述了水下混凝土灌注桩常见的事故及预防处理办法。