The structure of the global solar magnetic field excited by the turbulent dynamo mechanism

A mixing-length approximation is used to calculate Kλ for a Parker dynamo wave excited by the dynamo mechanism near the base of the solar convection zone (K is the wave number of the dynamo wave and λ the extent of the dynamo region). In a turbulent-dynamo model, this number characterizes the modes of the global magnetic field generated by a mechanism based on the joint action of the mean helical turbulence and solar differential rotation. Estimates are obtained for the helicity and radial angular-velocity gradient using the most recent helioseismological measurements at the growth phase of solar cycle 23. These estimates indicate that the dynamo mechanism most efficiently excites the fundamental antisymmetric (odd), dipole, mode of the poloidal field (Kλ≈?7) at low latitudes, while the conditions at latitudes above 50° are more favorable for the excitation of the lowest symmetric (even), quadrupole, mode (Kλ≈+8). The resulting north-south asymmetry of the poloidal field can explain the magnetic anomaly (“monopole” structure) of the polar fields observed near solar-cycle maxima. The effect of α quenching increases the calculated period of the dynamo-wave propagation from middle latitudes to the equator to about seven years, in rough agreement with the observed duration of the solar cycle.     

Numerical diagnosis of tropical cyclogenesis based on a hypothesis of helical self-organization of moist convective atmospheric turbulence

A novel diagnosis for tropical cyclogenesis is presented by examining helical self-organization of moist convective atmospheric turbulence in a rotating, non-homogeneous atmosphere. Our original research approach employed near-cloud-resolving numerical simulations, which allows quantitative diagnosis of cyclogenesis when the primary and secondary circulations in a forming hurricane vortex become linked by deep rotating cumulonimbus cores—Vortical Hot Towers (VHTs). It is shown here how the generated linkage makes the nascent vortex an integral helical system and allows a positive energetic feedback between the circulations that, with adequate moisture fluxes from the underlying sea surface to maintain convective instability, provides a self-sustaining amplification process on the system-scale circulation. The performed investigation suggests that diagnoses using helicity may not only provide an answer to the important question of when will cyclogenesis commence, given a favorable tropical environment, but will help develop a universally accepted definition of tropical cyclogenesis that does not yet exist.     

The anisotropy of kinetic and current helicity

A three-dimensional model for thermal convection with a dynamo in a rotating planar layer heated from below is used to investigate the behavior of the mean kinetic and current helicities. In spite of the presence of gravity and rotation, which introduce anisotropy into the system, the components of the helicity determined from the field components in the directions tangent and normal to the boundary have similar values. The existence of a separation by scale, when the current helicity has different signs on different spatial scales, is demonstrated. The number of regions where the sign of the helicity does not coincide with the sign of its mean value in that region is estimated (～43?45% of the total number of regions). The estimates presented are relevant for interpretations of observations of solar activity and analysis of the properties of rotating magnetohydrodynamical turbulence.     

Current helicity and the small-scale dynamo

The small-scale dynamo inherent to mirror-asymmetric turbulence can generate a magnetic field characterized by substantial mirror asymmetry of the associated electric currents. In general, the corresponding helicity should be taken into account in calculations of the helicity balance, which is now used as a basis for models describing the suppression of the large-scale dynamo. However, the mirror asymmetry of the fluctuating magnetic fields is concentrated on scales much shorter than the magnetic-loop diameter. Therefore, the unaccounted-for contribution to the helicity balance is, in fact, not important.     

裂隙各向异性介质2.5维弹性波场数值模拟

研究地震波在各向异性介质中的传播规律是勘探地震学领域的一个重要内容。本文首先讨论了２．５维波动方程，其次，在２．５维空间，用有限元数值模拟方法模拟了裂隙各向异性介质波场，结果用波场切片做了显示。最后对模拟结果做了基本分析，这里讨论的模拟方法也适用于其它类型的得各向异性介。     

Pore Structure Parameters Influence on Various Types of Seismic Wave Propagation

For the case of seismic waves in a more complex architecture porous medium wave field occurs slightly changed with changes in the structure, several parameters characteristics of the structure of the media which influence on various types of seismic wave propagation were studied. Firstly, the article establishes the isotropic elastic porous medium model, derive the corresponding elastic wave equation, and uses high-order staggered-grid finite difference method for forward modeling, the article also analyze the pore structure parameters such as porosity, viscosity and penetration influence on the wave field characteristics were also analyzed. At the same time, the study analyze the influence of porosity, permeability and viscosity on phase velocity and attenuation coefficient was analyzed in the stady. The results showed that the influence on attenuation coefficient was more sensitive than that on phase velocity. This study helps to deepen the understanding of seismic wave propagation in the practical system of complex medium.     

TTI介质弹性波频率-空间域有限差分数值模拟

由周期性薄互层引起的VTI介质是研究比较广泛的一类各向异性介质。当VTI介质对称轴偏离垂向,本构坐标系与观测坐标系不重合时,会形成观测坐标系下的TTI介质。引入25点优化差分算子,推导出二维TTI介质频率域弹性波动方程;为压制边界反射,采用完全匹配层法吸收边界条件,并计算出优化差分系数;最后采用集中力源,模拟了弹性波在TTI介质中的传播过程。从波场快照和地面共炮记录可以看出,笔者采用的数值模拟算法能有效压制数值频散。TTI介质中的波场传播比较复杂,纵波传播相对稳定,横波波前的三分叉现象比较明显,并存在振幅奇异性。当VTI介质的对称轴偏转后,还会增加地面地震记录的复杂性。     

Turbulent transport of atmospheric aerosols and formation of large-scale structures

Turbulent transport of aerosols and droplets in a random velocity field with a finite correlation time is studied. We derived a mean-field equation and an equation for the second moment for a number density of aerosols. The finite correlation time of random velocity field results in the appearance of the high-order spatial derivatives in these equations. The finite correlation time and compressibility of the velocity field can cause a depletion of turbulent diffusion and a modification of an effective mean drift velocity. The coefficient of turbulent diffusion in the vertical direction can be depleted by 25 % due to the finite correlation time of a turbulent velocity field. The latter result is in compliance with the known anisotropy of the coefficient of turbulent diffusion in the atmosphere. The effective mean drift velocity is caused by a compressibility of particles velocity field and results in formation of large-scale inhomogeneities in spatial distribution of aerosols in the vicinity of the atmospheric temperature inversion. Results obtained by Saffman (1960) for the effect of molecular diffusivity in turbulent diffusion are generalized for the case of compressible and anisotropic random velocity field. A mechanism of formation of small-scale inhomogeneities in particles spatial distribution is also discussed. This mechanism is associated with an excitation of a small-scale instability of the second moment of number density of particles. The obtained results are important in the analysis of various atmospheric phenomena, e.g., atmospheric aerosols, droplets and smog formation.     

可控力源激发EDA介质中横波分裂现象正演模拟研究

在研究了各向异性介质中波动方程的正演模拟现状的基础上,对波动理论进行了总结,并采用FCT有限差分法对EDA介质中的波动方程进行了数值模拟,得到了EDA介质中横波分裂的波场快照,并对波场特性进行了分析。     

准P波方程紧致交错网格井间地震波场模拟及边界条件

研究井间地震波场的形成过程以及波场的传播机理、规律,对于指导实际井间地震勘探有着重要的意义.基于具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性(VTI)介质中的一阶准P波方程,应用具有无条件稳定性质的紧致交错网格隐式差分格式求解该方程.重点研究了紧致交错网格求解该方程的完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件,在此基础上实现了VTI介质中一阶准P波方程的井间地震波场的正演模拟.数值算例表明:紧致交错网格能精准模拟VTI介质中准P波的传播过程,得到高精度的正演结果.一阶准P波方程能以足够的精度描述VTI介质中准P波特征.完全匹配层吸收边界能有效地解决人工边界问题,是一种高效的边界吸收算法.     

裂缝诱导双相HTI介质模型及其弹性波传播方程

将Biot双相介质理论与Gurevich裂缝各向异性理论相结合,建立了能够同时考虑实际裂缝性储层孔隙性和各向异性的裂缝诱导双相HTI介质模型。从本构方程、动力学方程和动力学达西定律出发,推导出了裂缝诱导双相HTI介质中弹性波传播的一阶速度-应力方程,并针对方程的刚性问题,给出了利用显式二阶时间积分法数值求解该方程时所需要满足的稳定性条件。该方程能够定量地给出双相HTI介质的波场特征与裂缝参数、背景孔隙介质参数之间的关系,描述弹性波在这种介质中的传播机理。     

非均匀介质地震AVO响应模拟及分析

地震AVO （amplitude versus offset）技术是一项利用振幅信息研究岩性、检测油气的地震勘探技术。常规方法基于Zoeppritz方程计算模型界面处的反射系数,而实际地下非均匀介质中地震反射特征不仅与入射角度、物性差异有关,还与入射波频率、地层厚度、薄互层结构等因素有关。为此,应用传播矩阵理论充分考虑与这些因素有关的调谐干涉等传播效应,针对实际数据计算非均匀地下介质的高精度合成地震记录,对比Zoeppritz方程、Shuey二项近似方程、Shuey三项近似方程以及传播矩阵算法的模拟效果。研究发现：在小角度入射时Zoeppritz方程、Shuey二项近似方程和Shuey三项近似方程的反射振幅和波形基本一致,大角度入射时Zoeppritz方程与Shuey三项近似方程接近;Zoeppritz算法的模拟结果在小角度入射和浅层情况下与传播矩阵算法差别较小,而在大角度入射和深层情况下与传播矩阵差别较大,说明层间多次波的调谐干涉等传播效应不可忽略。     

基于PML边界下的弹性及黏弹性TTI介质波场模拟

基于一阶速度-应力波动方程,采用高阶交错网格有限差分数值模拟方法,对弹性及黏弹性TTI介质进行正演数值模拟。模拟时采用完全匹配层吸收边界条件(PML)消除边界反射。同时设计了层状介质模型、断层模型,通过模型的正演计算,得到了不同时刻的地震波波场快照及合成地震记录,分析其波场运动学及动力学特征。模拟结果表明,交错网格有限差分法可以很好地完成对复杂介质的波场模拟,具有较高的精度和可靠性。     

离散介质中地震波传播的本构问题

实际地球介质是相当复杂的.基于均匀的、连续介质模型建立的弹性波动理论可能导致对地球结构地震响应的不当解释, 有时可能是错误解释.由于没有更接近实际地球介质模型的波动理论, 许多有用的地震信息因得不到合理解释, 被作为噪音处理了.从等效介质角度来看, 储层介质可以划分为弹性区、粘性区、空白区(空白区是由孔隙、裂隙、结构面产生的介质性质弱化区) 组成的离散介质.在局部平均思想的指导下, 利用区间内聚定理建立起离散(储层) 介质的本构关系, 为建立更接近实际地球介质模型的波动理论提供了力学基础.      

基于随机各向同性背景的单斜介质二维三分量正演模拟

针对满足Von Karman型椭圆自相关函数条件的随机各向同性背景下的单斜介质理论模型,应用交错网格技术对快照和地震记录进行模拟,所得结果清晰明了,发现在这种复合介质中波场特性既体现了规律性较强的单斜各向异性性质,又体现了介质的随机性特点。具体表现为:裂隙填充物的性质决定了qP波与qS波的各向异性特征,即干裂隙对qP波的影响显著大于qS波,而含水裂隙的情况则相反;相同方差条件下,尺度越小,随机介质干扰强度越大。     

Drift loss cone instability in the ring current and plasma sheet

The drift loss cone instability, propagating nearly transverse to the ambient magnetic field, is studied in the ring current plasma taking into account the relative driftU between electrons and protons due to density gradients. The growth rates attain maxima and then decrease as the wave number parallel to the magnetic fieldk _II increases. The peak values of the growth rates, maximised with respect tok _II, are enhanced by the increase in number density, electron temperature and loss cone index, and by the decrease in β_t, the ratio of the proton thermal pressure to magnetic field pressure. The unstable frequencies fall in the range of 5 to 30Ω_p with the growth rate γ ≥Ω_p. In the ring current region betweenL=4 and 5, the instability will generate a strong turbulence in the frequency range between 5–500 Hz which can produce fluctuating electric fields 0. 5–5 mV/m and magnetic field 0.8–80mγ. This instability can also occur on the auroral field lines, which connect to the region of intense earthward plasma flow in the distant magnetotail and produce a broad band electrostatic noise.     

三维地震勘探技术预测瓦斯的可行性研究

常规地震勘探方法都是基于单相介质中的弹性波动方程,忽略了流体对地震波传播规律的影响。本文基于双相介质理论,探讨了游离态的瓦斯在煤田地震资料上的地震波场特征,旨在有效地判断瓦斯的富集区域,防治煤与瓦斯突出给矿井生产带来的灾难。     

单程波法地震波衰减特征数值模拟分析

在非均匀粘弹性介质中,地震波衰减研究能够有效揭示地层吸收特性对地震波的影响。这里从单程波方程出发,结合粘弹性介质中的复波数理论,考虑介质的横向变化,采用分步傅立叶波场延拓技术,推导出适用于横向变速介质的带Q地震记录计算公式,最后将此方法应用于四个不同含Q地层模型。试验表明：单程波法计算速度快,波场信息简单清晰,易于深入分析和反演算法的建立。并且,Q值对地震波波形、能量、频率等都产生了较为明显的影响,对实际资料能量补偿、地震资料分辨率的提高,以及利用衰减特征进行储层识别有一定指导价值。     

二阶弹性波动方程高精度交错网格波场分离数值模拟

给出了一种等价的二阶弹性波动方程,以解决弹性波场中完全弹性波动方程不能完全分离耦合的纵、横波波场问题.应用高阶交错网格有限差分法求解该波动方程,并使用通量校正技术(FCT)进一步压制频散,采用均匀介质模型和层状介质模型进行波场分离数值试验,精确得到了混合波场、完全分离的纯纵波及纯横波波场.数值结果分析表明,本文方法在均匀介质情况下准确可靠,在分离后的纯纵、横波波场中可观察到较为丰富的能量转换信息,这对认识复杂弹性波的传播规律及弹性波理论具有重要意义.