尼日利亚石类矿物的晶体化学研究及其意义

湖南省安化、临武、柿竹园等地区有一类含锡、镁、铁、锌、钛、锰、铝等多种元素的复杂氧化物矿物 ,它们是尼日利亚石、镁尼日利亚石 (彭志忠石 )等。本文从紧密堆积原理出发 ,深入探讨了尼日利亚石类矿物的晶体化学特征。它们的晶体结构可用O(阳离子八面体配位的层 )、T1(阳离子八面体配位与一种方向阳离子四面体配位的混合层 )、T2 (阳离子八面体配位与两种方向阳离子四面体配位的混合层 )堆积方式表征 ,O层与T层交替排列。尼日利亚石 6H的晶体结构表示为…OT2 OT1OT1… ,尼日利亚石 2 4R的晶体结构表示为…OT1OT2 OT2 OT1…× 3 ,等等 ;它们的晶体结构中既有尖晶石的…OT2 OT2 … ,又有铁钒矿的…OT1OT1…晶体结构单位。这类矿物研究在矿物学、宝石学、材料科学等方面有重要的理论和实际意义     

尼日利亚石—塔菲石—黑铝镁铁矿及相关系列矿物的晶体结构构筑原理

从氧原子最紧密堆积以及阳离子充填四面体和八面体空隙原理出发 ,以简单氧化物矿物最紧密堆积结构类型金绿宝石、尖晶石、铁钒矿为基础 ,深入讨论了复杂氧化物矿物最紧密堆积结构类型彭志忠石、尼日利亚石、塔菲石、黑铝镁铁 (钛 )矿等晶体结构构筑原理。以O表示全部为阳离子八面体配位的层 ;以T层表示阳离子八面体配位与阳离子四面体配位的混合层 ,其中T1表示阳离子八面体配位与一种方向阳离子四面体配位的混合层 ,T2 表示阳离子八面体配位与两种方向阳离子四面体配位的混合层。这类矿物晶体结构可用O、T1、T2 堆积方式表征 ,O层与T层交替排列。如 :彭志忠石 ( 6H)的晶体结构表示为…OT2 OT1OT1… ,塔菲石 ( 8H)的晶体结构表示为…OT2 OT1OT2 OT1… ,尼日利亚石 ( 2 4R)的晶体结构表示为…OT1OT2 OT2 OT1…× 3 ,等等 ;它们的晶体结构中既有尖晶石的…OT2 OT2 …晶体结构单位 ,又有铁钒矿的…OT1OT1…晶体结构单位。     

新矿物—彭志忠石的发现及研究

彭志忠石产于湖南安化白钨矿区,是一种富含镁、锡、铝的复杂氧化物。矿物为浅黄褐色、浅黄色,少量无色,晶体呈六方板状。晶体化学式为:(Mg,Zn,Fe,Al)_4(Sn,Fe)_2(Al,□)_(10)O_(22)(OH)_2,空间群P_3ml,a=5.692(5)A,c=13.78(2)A,V=386.7A~3,Z=1。D=4.22(3)g/cm~3,H≥8,一轴正晶,ω=1.802(2),ε=1.814(2)。     

电子探针技术研究粤北龙华山岩体中独居石蚀变晕圈的结构与成分特征

淡钡钛石为含硼硅酸盐矿物,晶体结构属二轴晶单斜晶系,是典型的热液成因矿物。产于中国准噶尔盆地风城组页岩中的淡钡钛石尚未开展矿物学研究,其成因尚不明确。本文选取了该地玛页1钻井岩心中的淡钡钛石,采用电子探针(EPMA)、X射线能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析其矿物成分和晶体结构特征。结果表明：风城组淡钡钛石晶体大小为微米级,形态呈板状或短柱状,与硅硼钠石共生。矿物主要元素组成为：BaO 12.64%,TiO₂ 13.47%,Na₂O 10.69%,SiO₂ 53.46%,B₂O₃ 10.11%;d=4.22(-220)、d=8.45(-110)、d=3.37(-112)对应的三个晶面最发育。风城组淡钡钛石元素组成及晶体衍射特征与国外发现的淡钡钛石相吻合,但更富硼元素。由于热液流体中硼含量与盐度呈明显正相关,因此风城组淡钡钛石形成于更高盐度热液流体中,深部热液流体侵入到风城组页岩中依次形成硅硼钠石、淡钡钛石。该研究结果为准噶尔盆地风城组淡钡钛石矿物学的进一步研究提供了基础资料。

     

新矿物彭志忠石-6H的晶体结构和晶体化学研究

彭志忠石(镁尼日利亚石)是一种新矿物,除了Sn、Al外,过去发现的尼日利亚石都是以Fe、Zn为主的,而这次在湖南安化发现的,则是镁的端元矿物。矿物为三方晶系,P_(3m1),a_0=0.5692nm,c_0=1.3782nm。晶体化学式为:Mg_2(Zn,Fe,Al)_2(Sn,Fe)_2(Al,□)_(10)O_(22)(OH)_2。在全自动X射线射仪上,收集了单晶独立衍射强度数据443点进行结构计算,R=0.10。结构中氧沿c轴成…ABCACB…紧密堆积。阳离子充填四面体和八面体部分空隙,形式为…OT_2OT_1OT_0…。最后讨论了尼日利亚石—黑铝镁铁矿—塔菲石系列矿物的晶体结构和晶体化学。     

华南花岗岩类中铁钛副矿物组合与氧逸度关系

华南花岗岩中存在两类矿物组合:(1)铁透闪石 钛铁矿 榍石 磁铁矿 石英;(2)钛铁矿 方解石 石英 磁铁矿 榍石。可通过以下关系分别计算上述两组矿物组合的岩浆氧逸度。组合(1)为: logfo_2=-24940.31/T 9.25 243.43(P-10~5Pa)/T 0.86logfH_2O-0.86logα铁透闪石组合(2)为: logfo_2=-3673.68/T-37.73 590.53(P-10~5Pa)/T 6logfco_2岩浆作用过程的氧逸度(fo_2)是控制磁铁矿、钛铁矿、榍石等铁、钛副矿物形成和稳定的重要因素。     

一种硼酸盐的新矿物—袁复礼石

袁复礼石是一种Mg、Fe2+、Al和Ti的硼酸盐新矿物，发现于辽宁省宽甸县砖庙硼矿区。该矿物黑色，近不透明，金刚光泽-半金属光泽。反射色亮灰，内反射深红褐色。非均质性弱，偏光色红褐。晶体呈细柱状，O.1×0.2×l mm。晶体化学式为:(Mg0.91Fe2+0.09)(Fe3+0.56Al3+0.19 Mg0.17Ti0.11Fe2+0.10)1.13(B0.92O3.00)O。空间群Pnam, a=9.258(6)A，b=9.351(4)A， c=3.081(2)A，V=266.80(2)A，Z=4。 D=3.80 g/cm3, H=5-6，VHN50=843 kg/mm2，｛100}解理完全。红外光谱吸收谱带为:1387, 1210, 1024, 951, 733, 600, 510和408 cm-1。穆斯堡尔谱证明，以三价铁为主，二价铁较少。Fe3+占据M(1)晶位，Fe2+占据M(1)和M(2)晶位。袁复礼石为硼钛镁石的富Fe3+类似物。     

中国上地幔角闪石及其成因意义

我国土地幔成因角闪石以高铝(一般>2.0)为特征,以TiO_2、Cr_2O_3含量差异相区别,划分为韭闪石和钛角闪石两大类。韭闪石又有四种不同的成因类型:贫铬、钛型(Cr_2O_3=0.15％,TiO_2=0.07％),富铬型(Cr_2O_3=2.18％),富钛型(TiO_2=3.14％)和富铬、钛型(Cr_2O_3=2.59％,TiO_2=3.16％)。除贫铬、钛型韭闪石发现于苏北-胶南高压变质岩石中外,其它三种韭闪石(产于大陆区)和钛角闪石(产于台湾西部)均来自各种地幔橄榄岩、辉石岩及新生代玄武岩中。不管它们的产出方式如何(填隙、嵌晶、巨晶和包裹体子矿物),都直接或间接与地幔流体的交代作用有关,但各具成因之特点。     

峨眉山高钛玄武岩中主要的赋钛矿物——榍石的产状、特征及成因

峨眉山玄武岩中钛以什么矿物形式存在一直以来很少有学者提及。本文通过镜下观察、全岩化学分析、X-衍射、能谱、扫描电镜、电子探针、阴极发光对川西南部周公山-汉王场地区钻井岩心中峨眉山玄武岩进行了详细的分析,讨论了其主要赋钛矿物及成因。(1)SiO₂含量46.4%~48.3%和TiO₂>3%显示区内峨眉山玄武岩属于高钛峨眉山玄武岩系列。但多个层段榍石含量>5%,而极少见磁铁矿、钛铁矿;(2)榍石主要以隐晶质的云雾状、雪花状、芝麻点状、枝状等形态分布于微晶长石之间和溶孔、溶洞边缘及裂缝中,少量呈显晶质粒状分布于微晶长石、绿泥石之间。(3)电子探针分析显示:所有含钛矿物中,钛铁矿中TiO₂含量最高,为39.069%,榍石中TiO₂次之,TiO₂含量为17.143%~38.648%,磁铁矿中TiO₂含量最高为12.293%,平均在5%~10%左右,其他矿物基本上都少于1%。(4)扫描电镜及其能谱分析显示:榍石中的Ti含量(2.49%~24.97%)明显高于含钛磁铁矿(2.68%~9.21%)、含钛赤铁矿(3.64%)中Ti含量,与钛铁矿(19.51%)含量相当。分析结果认为:峨眉山玄武岩中大量出现的隐晶榍石可能是岩浆后期产物或期后蚀变的产物。在峨眉山玄武岩中首次鉴别出的大量隐晶质榍石是高钛峨眉山玄武岩中最主要的赋钛矿物。隐晶榍石在玄武岩中的含量是区分"高钛"和"低钛"玄武岩的主要标志之一。     

国际矿物学会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)通报

将相同部分分开。 (3)经修改的命名矿物包括了h gbomite(黑铝镁钛矿 )、nigerite(尼日利亚石 )和taaf feite(塔菲石 ) ,使整个矿物族得到完全一致的修订。2 接受提案 ,但保留 pengzhizhongite(彭志忠石 ) ,而不用magnesionigerite(镁尼日利亚石 )。投票结果 :同意 1,否决 19,弃权 1。部分评论意见 :(1)magnesionigerite(镁尼日利亚石 )的名称比较明了和具逻辑性 ,比 pengzhizhonggite(彭志忠石 )容易记忆。(2 )描述新矿物作用的个人意愿应该得到尊重。3 接受提案 ,但不应延伸到taaffeite(塔菲石 )族矿物。投票结果 :同意 1,否决 19,弃权 1…     

Crystal Chemistry Research of Minerals of Nigerite Group and Its Significance

SinceJacobsonandWebb (194 7)firstlyfoundthenigeriteinNigeria ,mineralogistshavefounditinmanycountriessuchasRussia (EastSiberia ,195 8) ,China(Hunan ,196 3) ,Portugal (196 5 ) ,Australia (1976 )andsoon .Greyetal.(1979)determinedaccuratelythecrystalstructureofnigerite (2 4R) .In 1988,Chenfoundakindofendmembermineralofnigerite ,whichisMg riched .ByapprovingofCommissiononNewMineralsandMineralNames (CNMMN) ,thismineralwasnamedpengzhizhongite .Inthepast ,somemineralogistsdidnotfurtherdis t…     

Lamellar nigerite in Zn-rich spinel from the Falun deposit,Sweden

Lamellar nigerite is found in Zn-rich spinel from a sample that contains chiefly anthophyllite + spinel + cordierite, lesser amounts of quartz and chlorite, as well as sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and galena, and rare cassiterite and rutile. Nigerite can be described as interlayering of spinel-like (R²⁺Al₂O₄) and nolanite-like ((Sn, Ti)Al₄O₈) structures. In nigerite, the spinel-like part is also compositionally related to spinel, but in the nolanite-like part only the structural analogy exists. Stoichiometric assumptions that relate the anhydrous cation sum to the amount of R⁴⁺ cations present, allow Fe³⁺ estimates from microprobe analyses, and a representative analysis gives the following anhydrous formula: Mg_1.30Fe _0.65 ²⁺ Zn_3.03Mn_0.03Al_11.65Fe _0.35 ³⁺ Sn_0.32Ti_0.18O₂₄.The nigerite is Zn-rich with a Zn ratio (Zn/(Zn+Mg+ Fe²⁺)) of about 0.59, and the Sn ratio (Sn/(Sn+Ti)) that ranges from about 0.63 to 0.41. The Fe³⁺ content in these samples ranges from 0.35 to 0.52 (24 oxygen basis).Textures suggest that the nigerite could have formed by the breakdown of R ₂ ²⁺ (Sn, Ti)O₄ and R²⁺Al₂O₄ spinel components during more complex reactions. An experimental investigation of the MgAl₂O₄-Mg₂SnO₄ join indicates that the solubility of Mg₂SnO₄ component in spinel over the T interval 500 to 900° C is about 0.5 to 3.0 mole %. This, coupled with the increased solubility expected from the presence of Ti, gives good agreement with the 2.4 to 2.6 mole % R ₂ ²⁺ (Sn, Ti)O₄ component in spinel that is estimated to be the maximum necessary to form the compositions and amounts of observed nigerite.     

湖南香花岭矽卡岩中锡的矿物学行为与成矿过程

湖南香花岭矽卡岩型锡矿床是南岭地区一个重要的锡多金属矿床,发育有丰富的含锡矿物。在野外和显微镜下观察 基础上,文章利用电子探针技术系统分析了香花岭矽卡岩中含锡矿物的矿物学特征,探讨了锡的成矿过程、成矿流体以及 锡的来源。研究结果表明,香花岭矽卡岩中含锡矿物由锡矿物（锡石、尼日利亚石、孟宪民石等）和富锡矿物（韭闪石、 尖晶石、葡萄石、塔菲石等）组成。锡的成矿有三个阶段：矽卡岩早阶段,Sn进入尖晶石、韭闪石等造岩矿物中,形成富 锡矿物;氧化物阶段,锡矿物如锡石、尼日利亚石、孟宪民石等逐渐晶出;晚期热液阶段,早期含锡矿物热液蚀变原位析 出锡石,或富Sn热液交代早期矿物形成了富锡环边。矽卡岩中成矿流体富含F,CO2,Li等挥发组分,控制了Sn的富集、迁 移、结晶等过程。香花岭矽卡岩中Sn根本上来源于地层,锡的成矿过程反映了Sn在地壳中的地球化学循环过程。     

柿竹园矿床大理岩型锡矿石工艺矿物学研究

大理岩型锡矿石产于燕山早、中期千里山花岗岩与中、上泥盆统灰岩的外接触带。矿石呈细脉、网脉浸染状,锡矿物有:锡石、黄锡矿,富钛尼日利亚石、尼日利亚石和木锡矿,脉石矿物绿帘石、石榴石、电气石、萤石、方解石及磁黄铁矿等亦含锡,锡主要呈锡的浊立矿物存在,占总锡量的89.78％,其中锡石锡占总锡量的80.01％,其次有呈类质同象形式存在的锡,在绿帘石、石榴石、电气石等矿物中以Sn~(4+)取代Fe~(3+),这类锡占总量的8.33％。工艺矿物学研究表明,该类锡矿石以“贫”、“细”、“杂”为特征。锡不仅十分分散,而且品位偏低,矿石矿物组合及镶嵌关系复杂、相互包裹,紧密连生;锡矿物粒度微细,粒径一般为0.2～0.01mm,部分为<0.0l～0.002mm,是一种难选的锡矿石类型。通过锡的回收试验,采用选冶联合工艺流程,预测锡的最佳回收率可达50％以上。     

Titanium,Ti, A New Mineral Species from Luobusha,Tibet, China

We describe the new mineral species titanium,ideally Ti,found in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusha ophiolite in Tibet,People’s Republic of China.The irregular crystals range from 0.1 to 0.6 mm in diameter and form an intergrowth with coesite and kyanite.Titanium is silver grey in colour,the luster is metallic,it is opaque,the streak is grayish black,and it is non-fluorescent.The mineral is malleable,has a rough to hackly fracture and has no apparent cleavage.The estimated Mohs hardness is 4,and the calculated density is 4.503 g/cm3.The composition is Ti 99.23-100.00 wt%.The mineral is hexagonal,space group P63 /mmc.Unit-cell parameters are a 2.950(2),c 4.686(1),V 35.32(5) 3,Z = 2.The five strongest powder diffraction lines [d in(hkl)(I/I0)] are: 2.569(010)(32),2.254(011)(100),1.730(012)(16),1.478(110)(21),and 0.9464(121)(8).The species and name were approved by the CNMNC(IMA 2010–044).     

我国邯邢地区黑铝钙石的发现及其研究

黑铝钙石是一种罕见矿物，在邯邢地区镁铝夕卡岩中，发现一种呈六方片状、黄色半透明的黑铝钙石晶体。本文对该晶体进行了粉晶Ｘ射线、四元衍射、电子探针和红外光谱测量，并认为黑铝钙石是镁铝夕卡岩早期阶段的产物，处在一种富铝、贫硅的地球化学环境和高温条件     

南岭中段花岗岩中榍石对锡成矿能力的指示意义

榍石是钙碱性花岗岩中常见的副矿物,因Ti4+与Sn4+具有相近的晶体化学性质,榍石可以有不同含量的Sn,因此,榍石是研究含锡花岗岩(特别是氧化型花岗岩)的有用矿物之一.本文选择南岭地区中段3个含锡花岗岩(骑田岭、花山、姑婆山)和3个尚未发现重要锡矿化的花岗岩(连阳、大东山、九峰)中的榍石进行了系统的矿物学研究.在这些花...     

A combined EMPA and LA-ICP-MS study of Li-bearing mica and Sn–Ti oxide minerals from the Qiguling topaz rhyolite (Qitianling District,China): The role of fluorine in origin of tin mineralization

The Sn-rich Qiguling topaz rhyolite dike intrudes the Qitianling biotite granite of the Nanling Range in southern China; the granite hosts the large Furong Sn deposit. The rhyolite dike is typically peraluminous, volatile-enriched, and highly evolved. Whole-rock F and Sn concentrations attain 1.9 wt.% and 2700 ppm, respectively. The rhyolite consists of a fine-grained matrix formed by quartz, feldspar, mica and topaz, enclosing phenocrysts of quartz, feldspar and mica; it is locally crosscut by quartz veinlets. Lithium-bearing micas in both phenocrysts and the groundmass can be classified as primary zinnwaldite, “Mus-Ann” (intermediate member between annite and muscovite), and secondary Fe-rich muscovite. Topaz is present in the groundmass only; common fluorite occurs in the groundmass and also in a specific cassiterite, rutile and fluorite (Sn–Ti–F) assemblage. Cassiterite and rutile are the only Sn and Ti minerals; both cassiterite and Nb-rich rutile are commonly included in the phenocrysts. The Sn–Ti–F assemblage is pervasive, and contains spongy cassiterite in some cases; cassiterite also occurs in quartz veinlets which cut the groundmass. Electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS compositions were used to study the magmatic and hydrothermal processes and the role of F in Sn mineralization. The presence of zinnwaldite and “Mus-Ann”, which are respectively representative of early and late mica crystallization during magma differentiation, also suggests a significant decrease in f(HF)/f(H₂O) of the system. Cassiterite included in the zinnwaldite phenocrysts is suggested to have crystallized from the primary magma at high temperature. Within the Sn–Ti–F aggregates, rutile crystallized as the earliest mineral, followed by fluorite and cassiterite. Spongy cassiterite containing inclusions of the groundmass minerals indicate a low viscosity of the late fluid. The cassiterite in the quartz veinlets crystallized from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, which possibly mixed with meteoric water. In general, cassiterite precipitated during both magmatic and hydrothermal stages, and over a range of temperatures. The original fluorine and tin enrichments, f(HF)/f(H₂O) change in the residual magma, formation of Ca,Sn,F-rich immiscible fluid, decrease of the f(HF) during groundmass crystallization, and mixing of magma-derived fluids with low-saline meteoric water during the late hydrothermal stage, are all factors independently or together responsible for the Sn mineralization in the Qiguling rhyolite.     

黝锡矿的119Sn和57Fe穆斯堡尔谱研究

本文收集了我国南方4个产地的黝锡矿样品,使用电子探针、X射线衍射、~(119)Sn、~(57)Fe穆斯堡尔谱等测试方法测试。X射线衍射结果,黝锡矿的晶胞参数为:a=5.4531(5)?,c=10.7470(7)?,四方晶系,空间群I42m。4个不同产地的黝锡矿的Sn、Fe穆斯堡尔谱测量表明:锡的I·S值为1.34—1.49mm/s,Q·S值为0.36—0.50mm/s,为四面体的Sn~(4+);铁的I·S值为0.588—0.596mm/s,Q·S值为2.900—2.911mm/s,为四面体的Fe~(2+)。Sn、Fe离子仅占据一种结晶学位置。这些黝锡矿富Zn,Zn以类质同象置换Fe。