亚洲MAGSAT卫星磁异常冠谐分析

根据亚洲地区（15°S-60°N,55°E-160°E）MAGSAT卫星碰异常1°×1°网格值,使用冠谐分析方法,计算亚洲地区卫星磁异常的冠谐模型．球冠极点位于22°N,108°E;球冠半角为50°．该模型的最大截断指数Kmax=20,共有441个系数．根据冠谐模型,绘制卫星平均高度（400km）以及其他高度（300km和500km）的理论卫星磁异常图（△X,△Y,△Z）．卫星磁异常的冠谐模型能表示磁异常的三维结构,为探讨岩石层结构提供证据．     

欧洲及其邻区MAGSAT卫星磁异常冠谐模型

通过对欧洲及其邻近地区 MAGSAT 卫星黎明资料进行了处理,得到1°×1°卫星磁异常网格值。本文使用冠谐分析方法,计算该地区卫星矢量磁异常（ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ）冠谐模型。球冠极点位于33°N和26°E,球冠半角为40°.冠谐模型的截断指数为18。根据卫星磁异常冠谐模型和地磁场球谐模型 DGRF1980,计算卫星总强度磁异常（ΔF）的冠谐一球谐模型。根据卫星磁异常的理论模型,计算并绘制不同高度（300,400,500km）的理论卫星磁异常图。对冠谐模型和大磁异常进行了分析和讨论。     

基于CHAMP卫星的区域卫星磁异常球冠谐分析（英文）

基于CHAMP卫星的矢量磁测数据,结合最新的IGRF12模型,并假设所有CHAMP卫星的网格测点位于同一高度(307.69km),基于498个测点,建立了2010.0年中国地区要素X、Y、Z和总强度F的卫星磁异常球冠谐(SCH2010)模型,建模前利用CM4模型移除了外源场。模型极点位于36°N和104°E,球冠半角为30°。通过比较△X、△Y、△Z以及X、Y、Z的均方偏差(RMS)的数值变化,确定截断阶数Kmax=9为合适的截断阶数。结合IGRF12所建立的卫星高度的中国地磁参考场(CGRF2010)模型与CM4模型具有较好的一致性,分析比较了基于SCH2010模型与类似磁异常模型的地面磁异常分布,发现各要素磁异常的强度与分布高度一致。通过比较F在不同高度处的磁场分布,发现SCH2010模型在不同高度的估算都符合地磁场的变化规律。比较发现SCH2010与CM4模型的空间变化率一致性较好。所建模型相较于其它区域拟合模型而言,可反映地磁场的更多细节,但球冠谐模型本身及建模过程为两个误差源。     

亚洲MAGSAT卫星磁异常图

使用２０多万个ＭＡＧＳＡＴ卫星磁测数据，编绘亚洲卫星标量（△Ｆ）和矢量（△Ｘ，△ｙ，△Ｚ）磁异常图（２０°ｓ－６０°Ｎ，５０°Ｅ－１６０°Ｅ）．为了提取岩石层卫星磁异常，首先对ＭＡＧＳＡＴ卫星数据进行了筛选，然后进行主磁场、磁层场、电离层场和感应场改正，并消除虚假测点．将卫星数据分成黎明组、黄昏组和联合组，分别绘制相应的卫星磁异常图．根据１°×１°的网点值，用计算机编绘亚洲卫星磁异常图．初步分析了卫星磁异常与大地构造的关系．     

关千ΔT磁异常的解释

本文对于二度问题证明了总磁場强度△T与垂直磁場强度Z的一般表达式具有相同的形式,因此可以把△T异常曲线看成Z异常曲线,利用复变函数理论中的柯西-黎曼条件我们就可根据△T异常曲线计算出与H异常曲线相当的所谓△T的“负共轭调和函数”△T,文中指出了同时利用△T及其原函数△T将有助于磁测资料的解释工作,还举出了两个应用的例子:1)根据△T与△T计算二度体的磁矩及其倾角;2)利用观测水平上的△T及△T值将△T向下解析延拓。     

大同—阳高忻州3次中强地震的地磁场△F异常演变特征

对大同—阳高、忻州３次中强地震的地磁场总强度△Ｆ异常变化的时、空、强进行了总结。认为△Ｆ异常变化的空间展布与主干断裂有关，提出磁异常有时间长、连续性好、空间分布广、强度由弱到强的特点。     

MAGSAT卫星矢量磁异常的矩谐分析

用矩谐分析的方法研究了中国及其邻域（φ=10°-60°N,λ=70°-140°E）由MAGSAT卫星获得的地磁矢量异常数据,求出了卫星高度400km处的矩谐模型.据此模型,绘出了高度400km处矩谐模型的理论磁异常图.结果表明,ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ图上有很强的区域磁异常特征,新疆地区天山、阿尔泰山、塔里木地区为很强的正异常,青藏高原和喜马拉雅山一带则为负异常区,说明这些地区存在着很强的局部磁化.     

1900-2000年非偶极子磁场的全球变化

根据第７代ＩＧＲＦ模型,计算并绘制了１９００-２０００年（时间间隔为５ａ）非偶极子磁场的全球分布,计算和分析了各个磁异常中心位置和强度的变化,东亚正磁异常、大洋洲负磁异常、南大西洋正磁异常、非洲负磁异常和北美洲正磁异常是分布范围广、异常强度大的５个磁异常。南大西洋正磁异常是强度最大的磁异常。在２０世纪９０年代以前,东亚正磁异常的强度位居第２位,９０年代以后,非洲负磁异常的强度（绝对值）超过东亚正磁异常,成为第２大磁异常。磁异常强度增长最快的是非洲负磁异常、南大西洋正磁异常和大洋洲负磁异常。南大西洋正磁异常和非洲负磁异常是磁异常中心位置变化最快的两个磁异常。     

伽利略卫星磁异常起源的数值模拟

伽利略号任务探测到了起源于伽利略卫星的磁异常.这些磁异常很可能来自于卫星内部,并且受到强大的木星背景磁场的影响.观测磁异常可能来自各种不同的产生机制,这里通过数值模拟主要研究卫星内部磁对流和发电机行为.为了模拟卫星周围的电磁环境,在模型中引入了一个固定取向、空间均匀,但是强度可变的外磁场B0.模拟结果显示,强度足够大的B0可以显著的改变核内的发电机过程.当B0增加到原发电机磁场强度的40%时,核内对流的改变非常显著：整体对流强度减弱了80%,但是在大部分区域的差动旋转却增强了,这导致了核内总磁场的增加.磁场的形态趋向于同背景场一致,而流场则显示出背景场对原有对称性的抑制作用.此外,磁场在时间变化上也趋向于更加稳定.     

青藏高原地磁场模型的研究

根据青藏高原地磁三分量绝对测量资料,使用泰勒多项式方法和冠谐分析方法,计 算了青藏高原地磁场（Ｘ, Ｙ,Ｚ ）的泰勒多项式模型和青藏高原地磁剩余场（△Ｘ,△Ｙ,△Ｚ）的冠谐 模型,并绘制了相应的理论地磁图．分析了磁异常点对地磁场模型的影响,对比分析了地磁 场的多项式模型和冠谐模型,讨论了地磁场模型的边界效应问题．     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.