中国天文学会学术会议(序号7):理论天体物理学术讨论会(1983年8月,乌鲁木齐市)

理论天体物理学术讨论会于1983年8月22—28日在新疆乌鲁木齐市昆仑宾馆召开。这个会议是由中国天文学会“高能天体物理”和“星系与宇宙学”两个专业委员会联合召开的。会前,于8月15日—21日,还由这两个专业委员会举办了一期宇宙学暑期讲习班。 参加宇宙学暑期讲习班的有来自全国各地的专业工作者三十余人。这次讲习班由方励之作了宇宙     

简讯

简讯第八届国际郭守敬天体物理讲习班在邢台举行今年９月１０～１５日第八届国际郭守敬天体物理讲习班在元代卓越科学家郭守敬的故乡一邢台举行，来自美、法、德、日本等国家的著名专家、教授以及中国科学院北京天文台等回３个科研单位和大专院校的５０多位专家、学者参加...     

中国天体物理暑期讲习班：河外星系天文学

在国家自然科学基金委员会、教育部、中国科学院上海天文台和德国马普天体物理研究所等大力支持和帮助下，首届中国天体物理研究生暑期讲习班星系物理部分“河外星系天文学”于2004年4月5日在中国科学院上海天文台举行，历时11天。此次讲习班的正式代表共108人，分别是来自中国大陆、台湾、香港的研究生和青年天文工作者     

中国天体物理暑期讲习班:河外星系天文学(2004年4月5～15日,上海)

在国家自然科学基金委员会、教育部、中国科学院上海天文台和德国马普天体物理研究所等大力支持和帮助下,首届中国天体物理研究生暑期讲习班星系物理部分“河外星系天文学”于2004年4月5日在中国科学院上海天文台举行,历时11天。此次讲习班的正式代表共108人,分别是来自中国大陆、台湾、香港的研究生和青年天文工作者。举办方上海天文台邀请到了星系天文学领域的部分国际知名专家前来讲课。他们是:德国马普天体物理研究所所长S.White教授和G.Kauffmann博士、英国剑桥大学天文研究所的M.Pettini教授、法国国家科研中心巴黎天体物理研究所的S.Charlot博士和美国麻省大学的莫厚俊教授。     

学术会议

由中国天文学会高能天体物理专业委员会委托,中国科学院昆明分院,云南天文台、南京大学天文系、云南大学物理系、云南省物理学会主办的“中国天文学会高能天体物理第六次脉冲星和活动天体学术讨论会”于一九八八年四月一日至十二日在昆明召     

中国科学院-西德马普学会主办高能天体物理讨论会在南京举行

由中国科学院和西德马普(Max Planck)学会联合主办的高能天体物理讨论会于1982年4月9日至17日在南京丁山宾馆举行.这是在我国举行的第一次国际高能天体物理专题讨论会.这次会议受到了我国有关领导部门的热情关怀和天文学界的普遍重视.     

蒸蒸日上的乌鲁木齐天文站

走进乌站　　1998年8月,第13届郭守敬国际天体物理研讨会在乌鲁木齐天文站举行,有许多国际著名的天文学家聚集在这里,其中有美国科学院院士、科罗拉多大学教授麦克雷,美国科学院院士、普林斯顿大学教授奥斯特里克尔,俄国科学院院士、空间研究所所长萨尼耶夫,德国天体物理?..     

中国天文学会学术会议(序号13):宇宙线与高能天体物理学术讨论会(1984年11月,重庆)

全国宇宙线与高能天体物理学术讨论会于1984年11月19—23日在四川省重庆市召开。这次会议是由中国天文学会“高能夭体物理”和“星系与宇宙学”两个专业委员会与中国高能物理学会“宇宙线”专业委员会联合召开的。有来自全国各地四十一个单位一百二十八名代表出席了这次会议。这是两个学会第二次联合召开这样的会议,上次是于1980年夏在山东省青岛市举行的。     

我国的月基光学天文望远镜 访中国科学院国家天文台魏建彦研究员

魏建彦,男,1965年8月生,中国科学院国家天文台研究员,博士生导师。1987年．获北京大学天体物理专业学士学位;1994年,获中国科学院北京天文台天体物理专业博士学位。主要从事活动星系核、伽马暴观测研究和天文光学望远镜观测技术研究工作。目前承担嫦娥三号工程科学载荷“月基光学望远镜”任务,     

太阳和太阳系等离子体研究专辑:序言

宇宙中超过99.9%的可见物质处于等离子体状态,等离子天体物理是天体物理的重要分支,为理解天体系统的形成、演化及爆发现象提供着重要的理论基础.专辑通过14篇文章系统介绍了中国科学院紫金山天文台等离子天体物理团队在太阳和太阳系等离子体方面的研究成果,希望能帮助读者全面了解太阳与日球等离子体物理研究的重要进展及存在的问题.     

Radii and albedos of asteroids 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 15, 51, 433, and 511

We derive the following radii (in kilometers) and visual geometric albedos for nine asteroids from 10- and 20-μm radiometry: 1 Ceres (540, .16); 2 Pallas (275, .08); 3 Juno (125, .14); 4 Vesta (270, .21); 6 Hebe (110, .16); 15 Eunomia (135, .15); 51 Nemausa (80, .05); 433 Eros (12, .07); and 511 Davida (180, .04). Vesta has the highest albedo measured for an asteroid, while Davida, the lowest-albedo object in the sample, is one of the darkest known objects in the solar system. The median of all asteroid albedos measured to date is 0.1.     

Sun,Solar System,Stars, Interstellar Matter,Galaxy, Extragalactic Systems,Instruments, History of Astronomy

P01 Calibrations on DSS‐II Plates P02 High‐Resolution Near‐Infrared Speckle Interferometry and Radiative Transfer Modeling of the OH/IR star OH 26.5 + 0.6 P03 Mid‐infrared long‐baseline interferometry of the symbiotic Mira star RX Pup with the VLTI/MIDI instrument P04 N₂D⁺ abundance in high mass star forming regions P05Causal Viscosity in Accretion Disc Boundary layers P06 Planetesimals in protoplanetary disks P07 Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud P08 Is there a universal mass function? P09 On CO cooling in dense molecular clouds P10 An unbiased search for molecular clumpuscules P11 Vertical structure of accretion disks P12 A New Data Acquisition System and User Control Program for CCD Cameras at “Hoher List” Observatory P13 Tracing the Photon Dominated Region around DR21 with CO, CI, CII, and OI emission P14 Time resolved spectroscopy of CI Aql P15 Empirical Color Transformations between SDSS Photometry and Other Photometric Systems P16 V4332 Sgr P17 Low rotation velocities of white dwarfs from the CaII K line P18 E‐Learning in Astronomy P19 RR Lyrae stars: Kinematics, orbits and z‐distribution P20 New developments on the field of chemically peculiar stars in the milky way and the LMC P21 Large‐scale CO Mapping of the CEPHEUS Giant Molecular Cloud using KOSMA P22 HoLiCS II – The “Hoher List Control System” II P23 88 GHz “Holotransmitter” for the Nanten2 Telescope P24 Comet Astrometry – Tracing the last witnesses of the solar system's childhood P25 Considerations on the spectral appearance of M‐type brown dwarfs P26 Photon Dominated Region Modelling of Barnard 68 P27 A New Versatile Multichannel CCD‐Controller for BUSCA P28 High Precision “Bonn Shutters” for the largest CCD Mosaic Cameras P29 High‐Resolution Near‐Infrared Speckle Interferometry and Radiative Transfer Modeling of the OH/IR star OH 104.9 + 2.4 P30 A new Doppler image of the weak‐line T Tauri star V410 Tauri P31 Improving our knowledge on open cluster radial velocities P32 The Distribution of MSX Infrared Dark Clouds in the inner Milky Way P33 Was the Early Earth shielded from UV by Ozone produced from the Smog Mechanism? P34 Structure Analysis of the CO data in the Perseus clouds P35 Evidence for Turbulence in the Velocity Fields of Perseus Cores P36 Dust‐driven Winds and Their Resulting Mass Loss at Subsolar Metallicity P37 Two adjacent gigantic (∼9°) IRAS filaments of bipolar morphology: An almost invisible pair P38 A new optical filament of the Monogem Ring P39 The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Survey of OVI Emission in the Milky Way     

Photoelectric photometry of asteroids 37, 80, 97, 216, 270, 313, and 471

Photoelectric observations of several minor planets were made from 1975 to 1977 at the Astronomical Observatory of Torino. Lightcurves and period information are given for 7 objects: 37 Fides, 80 Sappho, 97 Klotho, 216 Kleopatra, 270 Anahita, 313 Chaldaea, and 471 Papagena.     

Cassini RADAR observations of Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Iapetus, Hyperion, and Phoebe

Cassini 2.2-cm radar and radiometric observations of seven of Saturn's icy satellites yield properties that apparently are dominated by subsurface volume scattering and are similar to those of the icy Galilean satellites. Average radar albedos decrease in the order Enceladus/Tethys, Hyperion, Rhea, Dione, Iapetus, and Phoebe. This sequence most likely corresponds to increasing contamination of near-surface water ice, which is intrinsically very transparent at radio wavelengths. Plausible candidates for contaminants include ammonia, silicates, metallic oxides, and polar organics (ranging from nitriles like HCN to complex tholins). There is correlation of our targets' radar and optical albedos, probably due to variations in the concentration of optically dark contaminants in near-surface water ice and the resulting variable attenuation of the high-order multiple scattering responsible for high radar albedos. Our highest radar albedos, for Enceladus and Tethys, probably require that at least the uppermost one to several decimeters of the surface be extremely clean water ice regolith that is structurally complex (i.e., mature) enough for there to be high-order multiple scattering within it. At the other extreme, Phoebe has an asteroidal radar reflectivity that may be due to a combination of single and volume scattering. Iapetus' 2.2-cm radar albedo is dramatically higher on the optically bright trailing side than the optically dark leading side, whereas 13-cm results reported by Black et al. [Black, G.J., Campbell, D.B., Carter, L.M., Ostro, S.J., 2004. Science 304, 553] show hardly any hemispheric asymmetry and give a mean radar reflectivity several times lower than the reflectivity measured at 2.2 cm. These Iapetus results are understandable if ammonia is much less abundant on both sides within the upper one to several decimeters than at greater depths, and if the leading side's optically dark contaminant is present to depths of at least one to several decimeters. As argued by Lanzerotti et al. [Lanzerotti, L.J., Brown, W.L., Marcantonio, K.J., Johnson, R.E., 1984. Nature 312, 139-140], a combination of ion erosion and micrometeoroid gardening may have depleted ammonia from the surfaces of Saturn's icy satellites. Given the hypersensitivity of water ice's absorption length to ammonia concentration, an increase in ammonia with depth could allow efficient 2.2-cm scattering from within the top one to several decimeters while attenuating 13-cm echoes, which would require a six-fold thicker scattering layer. If so, we would expect each of the icy satellites' average radar albedos to be higher at 2.2 cm than at 13 cm, as is the case so far with Rhea [Black, G., Campbell, D., 2004. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 36, 1123] as well as Iapetus.     

MINERALOGY,PETROGRAPHY AND CHEMISTRY OF THE CHONDRITE,KAMIOMI, SASHIMA-GUN,IBARAKI-KEN,JAPAN

The Kamiomi, Sashima-gun (Iwai-shi), Ibaraki-ken, Japan, chondrite (observed to fall in spring, during the period 1913–6), consists of olivine, orthopyroxene, nickel-iron and troilite with minor amount of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, apatite and chromite. The average molar composition of olivine (Fa₁₉) and orthopyroxene (Fs₁₇) indicates that Kamiomi is a typical olivine bronzite chondrite. From the well-recrystallized texture, the presence of poorly-definable chondrules, homogeneous composition of olivine and absence of glass, this chondrite could be classified in petrologic type 5. The bulk chemical composition, especially, total Fe (27.33%) and metallic Fe (17.00%) as well as Fe_total/SiO₂(0.72), Fe_metal/Fe_total (0–633) and SiO₂/MgO (1.59) support the above conclusion. Coexistence of heavily-shocked olivine grains in the matrix composed of olivines and pyroxenes which suffered from light to moderate shock effect suggest that impacting phenomena, small-scaled but locally strong, occurred on the Kamiomi parent body.     

Photoelectric photometry of asteroids 45, 120, 776, 804, 814, and 1982DV

Photoelectric lightcurves of six asteroids, observed at the ESO 50-cm photometric telescope, are presented. 45 Eugenia, observed for pole determination program, showed a small amplitude of light variation, i.e., about 0.09÷0.10 mag. For 120 Lachesis, no period of rotation was deduced from three observing nights; it is probably longer than 20 hr. 776 Berbericia was observed again to eliminate the ambiguity between 23^h and 15^h.3 periods, as pointed out by Schober (1979). The longer period is ruled out, but we suggest a very plausible shorter period of 7^h.762, implying, at least at this opposition, one maximum and one minimum per cycle. A similar ambiguity is present for 804 Hispania also. The period could be either 14.^h.84 or 7^h.42. These two objects are typical of a class of asteroids whose periods are uncertain by a factor two. A short discussion on this problem is given. For 814 Tauris a long period of 35.8 hr is found, confirming the tendency of dark asteroids of intermediate size to rotate more slowly than larger ones. Finally a single-night lightcurve of the fast-moving object 1982DV is presented. Our observations agree very well with Harris' results (1982, private communication).     

Excitation equilibrium for low lying levels in Cii,Niii, Oiv,Nevi, Mgviii,Six, and Siii

The populations of the excited state ² P _3/2 relative to the ground state ² P _1/2 have been investigated in C ii, N iii, O iv, Ne vi, Mg viii, Si x, and Si ii by considering all the radiative and collisional processes including the collisional transitions to the higher states which cascade to the upper level. The relative populations are used for the calculation of the line emissivities. The intensities of 76 320, 30 258 and 14 302 lines of Nevi, Mgviii, and Six ions respectively in the chromosphere-corona transition region are also calculated.     

Narrow-band spectrophotometry of Ariel,Umbriel, Titania,Oberon, and Triton

The spectral reflectances of Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, and Triton were measured in 28 bandpasses between λ326 and λ976 nm on the night of 28/29 June 1974. These observations were made with the 200-in. Hale telescope and multichannel spectrometer. Bandpasses of 8 nm from λ326 to λ566 nm and 16 nm from λ592 to λ976 nm were employed. The spectral reflectances of Ariel, Oberon, and Titania increase from λ342 to λ534 nm and are relatively flat from λ550 to λ976 nm. Umbriel's reflectance decreases monotonically with increasing wavelength through the entire range of measured wavelengths. Triton is found to have a constant spectral reflectance.     

Outflow channel sources, reactivation, and chaos formation, Xanthe Terra, Mars

The undulating, warped, and densely fractured surfaces of highland regions east of Valles Marineris (located north of the eastern Aureum Chaos, east of the Hydraotes Chaos, and south of the Hydaspis Chaos) resulted from extensional surface warping related to ground subsidence, caused when pressurized water confined in subterranean caverns was released to the surface. Water emanations formed crater lakes and resulted in channeling episodes involved in the excavation of Ares, Tiu, and Simud Valles of the eastern part of the circum-Chryse outflow channel system. Progressive surface subsidence and associated reduction of the subsurface cavernous volume, and/or episodes of magmatic-driven activity, led to increases of the hydrostatic pressure, resulting in reactivation of both catastrophic and non-catastrophic outflow activity. Ancient cratered highland and basin materials that underwent large-scale subsidence grade into densely fractured terrains. Collapse of rock materials in these regions resulted in the formation of chaotic terrains, which occur in and near the headwaters of the eastern circum-Chryse outflow channels. The deepest chaotic terrain in the Hydaspis Chaos region resulted from the collapse of pre-existing outflow channel floors. The release of volatiles and related collapse may have included water emanations not necessarily linked to catastrophic outflow. Basal warming related to dike intrusions, thermokarst activity involving wet sediments and/or dissected ice-enriched country rock, permafrost exposed to the atmosphere by extensional tectonism and channel incision, and/or the injection of water into porous floor material, may have enhanced outflow channel floor instability and subsequent collapse. In addition to the possible genetic linkage to outflow channel development dating back to at least the Late Noachian, clear disruption of impact craters with pristine ejecta blankets and rims, as well as preservation of fine tectonic fabrics, suggest that plateau subsidence and chaos formation may have continued well into the Amazonian Period. The geologic and paleohydrologic histories presented here have important implications, as new mechanisms for outflow channel formation and other fluvial activity are described, and new reactivation mechanisms are proposed for the origin of chaotic terrain as contributors to flooding. Detailed geomorphic analysis indicates that subterranean caverns may have been exposed during chaos formation, and thus chaotic terrains mark prime locations for future geologic, hydrologic, and possible astrobiologic exploration.